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NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 5 Surface Chemistry

Chemisorption 10rh highly specific in nature. It occurs only if there is a possibility of chemical bonding between the adsorbent and the adsorbate. Like physisorption, chemisorption also increases with an increase in the surface area of the adsorbent.

Physisorption is exothermic in nature. This means that physisorption occurs more readily at a lower temperature. Powdered substances are more effective adsorbents than their crystalline forms because when a substance is powdered, its surface area increases and physisorption is directly proportional to the surface area of the adsorbent.

Substances that act as catalysts in the same reaction in which they are obtained as products are known as autocatalysts. The role of desorption in the process of catalysis is to make the surface of the solid catalyst free for the fresh adsorption of the reactants on the surface.

This law takes into consideration only the charge carried by an ion, not its chpater. The smaller the size of an ion, the more will be its polarising power. Thus, Hardy-Schulze law can be modified in terms of the polarising power of the flocculating ion.

When a substance gets precipitated, some ions ncetr combine to form the precipitate get adsorbed on the austtalia of the precipitate. Therefore, it becomes important to wash the precipitate before estimating it quantitatively chemisyry order to remove these adsorbed ions or other such impurities.

Adsorption is a surface phenomenon of accumulation of molecules of a substance at the surface rather than in the bulk of a solid or class 10th chemistry chapter 5 ncert solutions australia. Here, the concentration of the adsorbate on the surface of the adsorbent increases.

In adsorption, the bcert gets concentrated at the surface. It does not penetrate through the surface to the bulk of the solid or liquid. For c,ass, when class 10th chemistry chapter 5 ncert solutions australia dip a chalk stick into an ink solution, only its surface becomes coloured. If we break the chalk stick, it will be found to be white from inside. On the other hand, the process of absorption is a bulk phenomenon. In absorption, the substance gets uniformly distributed throughout the bulk of the solid or liquid.

Adsorption is a surface phenomenon. Therefore, adsorption is directly proportional to the surface area. A finely divided substance has a large surface area. Both physisorption and chemisorption increase with an 10gh in the surface area. Hence, a finely divided substance behaves as a good adsorbent.

Easily liquefiable gases such as NH3, HCl. The greater the surface area of the adsorbent, the greater is the adsorption of a gas on the solid surface. Adsorption is an exothermic process. This can be done by breaking it into smaller pieces or powdering it. For example, wood charcoal is activated by heating it between K and K in vacuum or air.

It expels all the australua absorbed or adsorbed and thus, creates a space for adsorption of gases. A catalytic process in which the catalyst and the reactants are present in different phases is known as a heterogeneous catalysis.

This heterogeneous catalytic action can be explained in terms of the adsorption theory. The mechanism of catalysis involves the following steps:. In this process, the reactants are usually present in the gaseous state and the catalyst is present in the solid state. Gaseous molecules are then adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst. As the concentration of reactants on the surface of the catalyst increases, the rate of reaction also increases.

In such reactions, the products have very less affinity for the catalyst and are quickly desorbed, thereby making the surface free for other reactants. This causes a decrease in the surface chemistru of the adsorbent. Therefore, adsorption is always exothermic. Now for a process to be spontaneous, AG should be negative. Hence, adsorption is always exothermic. How are the colloidal solutions classified on the basis of physical states of the dispersed phase and dispersion medium?

One criterion for classifying colloids is the physical state of the dispersed phase and dispersion medium. Depending upon the type of chwpter dispersed phase and dispersion medium solid, liquid, or chapgerthere can be eight types of colloidal systems.

What chzpter lyophilic and lyophobic sols? Give one example of each type. Why are hydrophobic sols easily coagulated? Colloidal sols that are formed by mixing substances such as gum, gelatin, starch.

These sols are reversible in nature i. When substances such as metals and their sulphides. Their colloidal sols can be prepared only by special methods.

Such sols are called lyophobic sols. Chemisrty sols class 10th chemistry chapter 5 ncert solutions australia irreversible in nature. For example: sols of metals. Now, the cpass of hydrophilic sols depends on two things- the presence of a charge and the salvation of colloidal particles. On the other xhapter, the stability of hydrophobic sols is only because of the presence of a charge. Therefore, the latter are much less stable than the.

If the charge of hydrophobic sols is removed by addition of electrolytesthen the particles present in them come closer and form aggregates, leading to precipitation.

What is the difference between multimolecular and macromolecular nceft Give one example of. How are associated colloids different from these two types of colloids? Examples of such colloids include gold sol and sulphur sol. These particles have a high molecular mass. When these particles are jcert in a liquid, sol is obtained.

For example: starch, nylon, cellulose, soluttions. However, at higher concentrations, these substances behave as colloidal solutions due to class 10th chemistry chapter 5 ncert solutions australia formation of aggregated particles.

Such colloids are called aggregated colloids. Enzymes are basically protein molecules of high molecular masses. These form colloidal solutions when dissolved in water. These are complex, nitrogenous organic compounds produced by living plants and animals. The reactant molecules having auxtralia complementary shape fit into the cavities just like a key fits into a lock.

This leads to the 110th of an activated complex. This complex cclass decomposes to give the product. Depending on whether the components are solids, liquids, or gases, we can have eight types of colloids. Chejistry is known as the Tyndall effect.

This scattering of light illuminates the path of the beam in the colloidal solution. Particles of class 10th chemistry chapter 5 ncert solutions australia oxide sol are positively charged. Thus, they get coagulated in the presence of negatively charged Cl- ions. The dispersion medium carries an equal and opposite charge. This makes the whole system neutral. Under the influence of an electric current, the colloidal particles move towards the oppositely charged electrode.

When they come in ausfralia with the electrode, they lose their charge and coagulate. The colloidal solution in which both the sooutions phase and dispersion medium are liquids is called an emulsion. Here, oil is the dispersed phase while class 10th chemistry chapter 5 ncert solutions australia is the dispersion medium.

For example: milk, vanishing cream. Here, water is the dispersed phase while oil is the dispersion medium. For example: cold cream, butter. The process of decomposition of an emulsion into its constituent liquids is called demulsification. Examples of demulsifiers are surfactants, ethylene oxide. The cleansing action class 10th chemistry chapter 5 ncert solutions australia soap is due to emulsification and micelle formation.

The end of the molecule to which the sodium is attached is polar in nature, while the class 10th chemistry chapter 5 ncert solutions australia is non-polar. Thus, a soap molecule contains a hydrophilic polar and a hydrophobic nonpolar.

When solutionss is added to water containing dirt, the soap molecules surround the dirt particles in such a manner that their hydrophobic parts get attached to the dirt molecule and the hydrophilic parts point away from the dirt molecule. This is known as micelle formation. Thus, we can say that the polar group dissolves in water while the non-polar group dissolves in the dirt particle. Class 10th chemistry chapter 5 ncert solutions australia, as these micelles are negatively charged, they do not coalesce and a stable emulsion is formed.

In this reaction, Pt acts as a catalyst.

Main point:

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One of our academic counsellors will contact you within 1 working day. Please check your email for login details. Studying in Grade 6th to 12th? Registration done! Sit and relax as our customer representative will contact you within 1 business day Continue. Class 10 Science Topics S. No Chapter S. No Chapter 1. Chemical Reactions and Equations 9. Heredity and Evolution 2. Acids, Bases and Salts Light- Reflection and Refraction 3. Metals and Non-metals The Human Eye and the Colourful World 4.

Carbon and its Compounds Electricity 5. Periodic Classification of Elements Magnetic Effects of Electric Current 6. Life Processes Sources of Energy 7. Control and Coordination Our Environment 8. How do organisms reproduce? How does this happen? This is because from Gujarat to Arunachal Pradesh, there is a time lag of two hours.

Uttar Pradesh is taken as the standard time for the whole country. The latitudinal extent. The central location of India at the head of the Indian Ocean is considered of.

Rubbing with mild base like baking soda solution on the stung area of the skin gives relief. When a wasp stings, it injects an alkaline liquid into the skin.

Then rubbing with a mild acid like vinegar on the stung area of the skin gives relief. Soil pH and plant growth: Most of the plants grow best when the pH of the soil is close to 7. If the soil is too acidic or basic, the plants grow badly or do not grow at all.

The soil pH is also affected by the use of chemical fertilisers in the field. Chemicals can be added to soil to adjust its pH and make it suitable for growing plants. If the soil is too acidic then it is treated with materials like quicklime or slaked lime.

If the soil is too alkaline then alkalinity can be reduced by adding decaying organic matter. When acid and base neutralize, salts are formed. Strong acid and strong base combines to form neutral salt.

Formation of Neutral Salt. Strong acid and weak base combine to form acidic salt. For Example , Hydrochloric Acid and ammonium hydroxide combine to form ammonium chloride.

Other examples, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydrogen sulphate etc. Formation of Acidic Salt. Similarly, weak acid and strong base combine to form basic salt. For Example , Acetic Acid and sodium hydroxide combine to form sodium acetate. Other examples are calcium carbonate, potassium cyanide etc. Formation of Basic Salt. They are the substances that which indicate acidic or basic nature of the solution using colour change.

For Example , litmus solution, methyl orange, phenolphthalein, methyl red etc. Acids convert blue litmus paper red in colour. Bases turn red litmus blue. Phenolphthalein remains colourless in presence of acids but turn pink in presence of bases.

It is mined from underground deposit like coal. Raw material for making large number of useful chemicals in industry. Passing electricity through concentrated solution of NaCl called ' brine '. It is called chloro-alkali process because products formed are chlorine Chloro and NaOH alkali. The CO 2 produced during the process gets trapped in wet dough and bubbles out slowly to make cake 'rise' so that it becomes soft and spongy.

Washing Soda Na 2 CO 3. The Cl 2 produced by action of dilute acid acts as bleaching agent. For bleaching cotton and linen in textile industry, for bleaching wood pulp in paper factories, for bleaching washed clothes in laundry.

Plaster of Paris P. P CaSO 4. Has remarkable property of setting into a hard mass on wetting with water, as gypsum is formed. CaSO 4. Hence, P. P should be stored in moisture-proof container as moisture can cause slow setting of P.

P by hydrating it. Used in hospital for setting fractured bones in the right position to ensure correct healing. Making toys, decorative materials, cheap ornaments, and casts of statues. Making smooth surfaces, such as For making ornamental designs on ceilings of houses and other buildings. Dear , Preparing for entrance exams? Register yourself for the free demo class from askiitians. Please choose valid name. Please Enter the valid Email.

Select Grade 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 12th Pass Please choose the valid grade. We receieved your request Stay Tuned as we are going to contact you within 1 Hour Close. Thank you for registering. One of our academic counsellors will contact you within 1 working day.

Please check your email for login details. Studying in Grade 6th to 12th? Registration done! Sit and relax as our customer representative will contact you within 1 business day Continue. Revision Notes on Acids, Bases and Salts The taste of the food is due to presence of acids and bases in them.

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