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Therefore, licensor has to invest no money. Zero Risk of Loss: Licensor need not take pain of risk of profits and loss. He is paid a pre-determined fees called royalty by the licensee. As long as licensor continues to produce under the license, licensor keeps on getting his fees irrespective of whether licensee is making profits or incurring losses. Less risk of government intervention or takeovers: A local person handles the business in foreign country.
Therefore, there are lesser chances of government intervention or takeovers. Better knowledge of local needs: Since licensee is the local person, he has better understanding of local needs, marketing strategies and business environment.
Therefore, there is lesser risk of these intellectual property rights being missed by other local firms. Answer: The difference between contract manufacturing and wholly-owned subsidiary is discussed below: Question 8. Answer: Question 9.
It is clear from the diagram given below: Question 3. There is an increasing demand for foreign trade because of the following reasons: The natural resources are unevenly distributed. The presence of specialisation and division of labour. Different countries have difference in economic growth rate. The presence of the theory of comparative cost. The following are some of the advantages of foreign trade: Optimum use of Resources: Foreign trade helps in the optimum use of natural resources and avoids wastages of resources.
Stable Price: It ensures the presence of stable price by avoiding wide fluctuations Ncert Solutions For Class 10th Science Chapter 7 Word in prices. Availability of all types of goods: It enables a country to import those goods which it cannot produce.
Increased Standard of living: It ensures more production to meet the demand of the people of different countries. Large Scale production: It ensures large production because the production is carried on to meet the demand of its people as well as world market.
Answer: Exporting is a better way of entering into international markets than setting up wholly owned subsidiaries Ncert Solutions For Class 10th Science Chapter 3 Number abroad in following ways: Easiest Way: It is easy to enter international markets through exports as compared to wholly owned subsidiaries.
Less Involving: It is less involving as compared to establishing a wholly owned subsidiary because firms need not invest that much time and money.
Zero risk of Foreign Investment: Exporting does not require much of investment in foreign countries. Therefore, foreign investments risks are low as compared to when a firm starts its wholly owned subsidiary in foreign country. Therefore, it alone has to bear the risk of losses. This form of business operations is subject to high degree of political risks.
Answer: Following factors govern the choice of mode of entry into international business, Ease of entry: First and foremost factor that determines the choice of mode of entry into international business is ease of entry.
A businessman wants to adopt such mode of entry into international business which is easy and less formalities requiring.
Exporting, importing, licensing and franchising are better ways from this perspective. Cost: Second determining factor is cost involved. For example, very less cost is involved in exporting, importing, licensing, franchising and contract manufacturing as compared to joint ventures and setting wholly owned subsidiaries.
Control over production: If the foreign company or producer wants full control over production activities in local country, he will prefer franchising, wholly owned subsidiary or joint venture with majority share holding.
If it is not so important, he will prefer exporting, importing, contract manufacturing licensing etc. Sharing of Technology: If the company has no problem in sharing of technology then it may choose joint venture or franchising. But if it does not want to share its technology and trade secrets, it will prefer wholly owned subsidiary or exporting, Risk Involved: If a firm is ready to take risk, it may choose wholly owned subsidiary or joint ventures but if it is willing to minimize its loss then it should choose exporting, licensing, franchising or contract manufacturing.
Answer: International business Question 2. Answer: Indirect exporting Question 5. Answer: USA Question 8. Answer: Software and Miscellaneous Question Answer: 10th II. It can be entered into three ways: A foreign investor may buy interest in a local company Local firm may acquire an interest in an existing foreign firm.
Both local and foreign firms jointly establish a new enterprise. Answer: Contract manufacturing can take three forms: Getting produced certain parts of final products: In case of automobiles or purses or shoes some parts are got manufactured from foreign countries which are used for the production of final products later.
Assembly of components into final products: In case of electronic items, different parts are assembled at that country where they are to be sold. Complete manufacture of the products: In some cases, commodities like garments a contract is given for complete manufacturing and products are sold in brand name of foreign companies.
Answer: Given below sue benefits of international business for firms: Prospects for higher profits: It creates better prospects for higher profits. Increased capacity utilisation: It leads to better utilisation of capacity. Prospects for growth: It creates better prospects for growth. Way out to intense competition in domestic market: International business acts as an alternate when there is intense competition in domestic market.
Improved business vision: When a business firm acts globally, it gives it an improved business vision. Table showing inflow and outflow of foreign capital in and from India: Question 7. Half of the capital is contributed by local producer. It reduces the burden for foreign investor. Beneficial for projects requiring Large Scale Investment: It is beneficial for projects requiring large capital investments like construction of metro. In such projects it is generally difficult for a single investor to invest.
Knowledge about host country: Local producers provide knowledge about host country. It helps the foreign investor to establish its foot in host country. Less risky: Risk gets reduced by involving local manufacturer. Secondly, he has an understanding of taste and preferences of customers in host country, laws and culture of host country.
Disadvantages of Joint Venture Sharing of Technology: In joint venture, foreign firm shares technology with the local producer.
It is risky. He may start a business of his own once he gets acquainted with the technology. Conflicts: There may be conflicts in managerial decisions as there is dual ownership arrangement. Answer: The benefits of international business to nations are as follows: Earning of Foreign exchange: International business helps a country to earn foreign exchange.
It can use it for meeting its payments abroad. Better utilization of resources: It is based on the principle of comparative cost advantage. It implies that produces what your country can produce more efficiently, and trade the surplus production so generated with other countries to procure what they can produce more efficiently. When countries produce on these principles, it increases their resource utilization. Increased Standard of Living: In the absence of international trade of goods and services, it would not have been possible to enjoy the standard of living it is enjoying now.
The benefits of international business to firms are as follows: Prospects for higher profits : International business proves more profitable as compared to domestic business. When prices in domestic market are lower, business firms can earn higher profits by selling their products in foreign countries. Increased Capacity Utilization: Many firms set up production capacities for their products which are in excess of demand in the domestic market by planning overseas expansion and procuring orders from foreign customers.
It allows them to make better use of their surplus capacity. Prospects for growth: Business firms find it very irritating when there is fall in demand or saturation point comes in domestic market. Such firms can grow considerable prospects of their growth by entering into international business.
Way out to intense competition in domestic market: When competition in domestic market is very intense, internationalization seems to be the only way for significant growth. Highly competitive domestic market motivates many firms to enter into international business. Improved Business Vision: The growth of international business of many companies is important for their survival and goodwill. Vision to become international is expression of urge to grow and the need to diversify and to take benefit of strategic advantages of internationalisation.
That can be seen and touched. It is also known as trading goods. It excludes trading services. Exports and Imports of Services: Service exports and imports involve trade in intangibles. It is because of the intangible aspect of services that trade in services is termed as intangible trade.
Foreign Investments: Foreign investment is another way to operate internationally. It involves investment of funds abroad in exchange for financial return. It may take two forms: Direct Investment: It takes place when a company directly invests in property like plant and machinery in foreign countries with a view to undertaking production and marketing of goods and services in these companies.
Portfolio Investment: It is an investment that a company makes into another company by way of acquiring shares or providing loans to the latter. It can be clarified from the differences given below: Question 4. Merits of Contract manufacturing Less investment: It helps international firms in production of goods at massive scale without making any investment in setting up production facilities.
Less risky: It is less risky as there is little investment involved. Moreover, local manufacturers who have been given specific product design and quality standards do not deviate from them.
Low cost: If goods are contracted in low labour and material cost country, then it also gives benefit of low cost. For example, in India labour is very cheap and therefore it has become a favorite destination for contract manufacturing. Better capacity utilization: Local producers benefit get from contract manufacturing because it allows them to make better use of their idle production capacity. An opportunity for local producers to become international: Local producer also gets an opportunity to get involved in international business.
Disadvantages of Contract Manufacturing Deviations from Product design and quality Specifications: Local firms might not follow product design and quality standards causing serious product quality problems for international firm.
Loses control over Manufacturing Process: Local manufacturer in the foreign country loses control over manufacturing process. No authority to sell output: The local firm cannot sell the output according to his will. It has to sell the goods to international firm at pre-determined prices. In the trade of any nation, the volume of its internal trade will be more than that of external trade. Though both internal trade and international trade are based on the principle of specialization or division of labour, regional specialization within a country leads to internal trade or inter-regional trade, whereas country wise specialization leads to international trade.
In the case of home trade, there is much scope for the operation of forces of demand and supply. But, in the case of foreign trade, there is not much scope for the full operation of the forces of demand and supply.
The number of documents of trade required for home trade is less than the required for foreign trade. Home trade is subject to regulations and laws of only one country, whereas foreign trade is subject to regulations and laws of two or more countries.
Home trade is, generally, free from restrictions, whereas foreign trade is subject to a number of restrictions.
The cost of transport in home trade is much less than that in foreign trade. The interval between the dispatch of goods by the seller and the receipt of the same by the buyer in home trade is not much.
Goods are subject to greater risk in foreign trade than in home trade. As goods are subject to more risks in foreign trade, in the case of international trader, goods are, generally, insured against the risks. Home trade involves the currency of only one country whereas foreign trade involves the currencies of two or more countries. The following are some of the important difficulties of foreign trade: It is a long distance trade and as such it becomes difficult to maintain close relationship between the buyer and the seller.
Each country has its own language. As foreign trade involves trade between two or more countries, there is diversity of languages. This difference in language creates problem in foreign trade, Foreign trade involves preparation of a number of documents which also creates difficulties in the way of foreign trade.
Some restrictions are imposed on export and import of commodities. These restrictions stand on the progress of foreign trade. Foreign trade involves a lot of risks because trade takes place over a long distance. Though the risks are covered through insurance, it involves the extra cost of production because insurance cost is added to cost. Static gains from trade: If a country has an absolute or relative advantage in the production of some goods, it can specialize in those goods and can trade it for others.
The final concept in the chapter is the reduction of equations in two variables. NCERT Maths Solution Class 10 Chapter 4 : In this chapter, we will learn the standard form of quadratic equations, different methods of solving quadratic equations by factorization, by completing the square , and the nature of roots.
One of the most important ones is the Fibonacci sequence 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21,�. However, if we want to find a particular number in the sequence such as the 30th or 40th number, we have to use arithmetic progression. By Ncert Solutions For Class 10th Science Chapter 1 Ii using simple formulas of arithmetic progression it is possible to find numbers at specific places in a long series. In this chapter, we will learn how similar triangles follow similarities in sizes and angles, and how we can determine similarities to solve problems.
We will learn through exercises about how to determine such similarities and further learn how to even find areas of triangles that are similar.
Class 10th Maths NCERT Solutions Chapter 7 : Furthering the knowledge of triangles, this chapter teaches how we can find the distance between two points through the distance formula for triangles. Similarly, we will also learn how to find areas of triangles through a sectional formula for triangles. Trigonometry is the measurement metry of triangles trigono. Through the use of trigonometry, we will try to solve practical problems by using concepts such as the line of sight, angle of depression, and angle of elevation to determine height or distance.
In this chapter, students will learn about tangents and the different scenarios when lines touch or bisect circles on a given plane. How a line interacts with a circle opens up different possibilities and problems and students will learn how to solve them. Maths NCERT Class 10 Chapter 11 Solutions : In this chapter on Construction, we will apply the rules of geometry learned so far, and construct shapes from dimensions and measurements provided.
Using tools such as a ruler, pencil, and protractor, students will form shapes according to different problems in the exercises. Referring to Construction Class 10 PDF solutions is essential for this chapter to check if the structure created by students is as intended in the question. By merging lines and other shapes within circles, students will learn how to measure the areas of different segments using theorems and the number Pi. Class 10 Math Solution Chapter 13 : After looking at shapes on a plane, we move on to a 3-dimensional world and look at shapes like squares or rectangles as cubes or cuboids, triangles as cones, and circles as cylinders or spheres.
We will learn in this chapter how to view objects as shapes and solve practical problems such as finding surface area and volume as mentioned in the exercises. Class 10th Maths NCERT Solution Chapter 14 : Used holistically in business, economics, and many other areas, we will learn how to find mean average , median, and mode from a grouped dataset.
Class V. Class VI. Knowing Our Numbers : Introducing and expanding large numbers Algebra : Introduction of Variable and their use in Algebra Ratio and Proportion : Comparing quantities of the same unit and order of a ratio. Class VII. Class VIII. Class IX. Introduction to linear equation, variables, coefficient and constants Coordinates geometry Cartesian system and writing coordinates Triangles, SSS and RHS properties, Inequality in triangles.
Class X. Real numbers : Rational numbers and their decimal expansion Linear equations in two variables: Consistent or Inconsistent equations 1 Quadratic Equations: Solution of Quadratic Equation by Discriminant method. Learning and teaching both needs complete dedication and we trust only on fully dedicated teachers who can bring a change to this profession.
End to end quality check by Academic Managers to ensure accurate assessment, performance tracking and feedback to the teachers. Lessons are planned in a way that all the related topics are explained to the student before moving to next lesson. Every session is delivered from a controlled and monitored office environment. This also eliminates any possibility of technical glitches. Safe education is our assurance.
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