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Working on NCERT Solutions for class 10 science chapter 5 notes will help candidates to build a strong foundation over the subject Science.

Going through this periodic classification of elements class 10 NCERT activity solutions will help candidates to understand the theory behind every concept which in turn helps candidates to solve the questions class 10th chemistry chapter 5 ncert solutions technology the end of every topics and subtopic. Read on to find everything about the periodic classification of elements class 10 question and answers. Compare class 10th chemistry chapter 5 ncert solutions technology find.

For example, Li, Na, K. If we consider lithium Li as the first element, then sodium Na is eighth element. If we consider sodium as the first element, then potassium is the eighth element. Answer: It failed to arrange all the then known elements in the form of triads of elements having similar chemical properties. Dobereiner could identify only three triads from the elements known that time. Answer: i Newlands law of octaves was applicable to the classification of elements upto calcium.

After calcium every eighth element did not possess the properties similar to that of the first element. For example, the two elements cobalt Co and nickel Ni were put together in just class 10th chemistry chapter 5 ncert solutions technology slot and that too in the column of elements like fluorine, chlorine and bromine which have very different properties from these elements. Question 2 Besides gallium, which other elements have since Ncert Solutions Class 10th Chemistry Chapter 3 Visa been discovered that were left by Mendeleev in his periodic table?

Question 3 What were the criteria used by Mendeleev in creating his Periodic Table? Answer: Mendeleev used the relationship between the atomic masses of the elements and their physical and chemical properties. He used similarity in physical properties, similarity in the formation of hydrides and oxides of element.

Question 4 Why do you think the noble gases are placed in a separate group? Answer: Noble gases are chemically inert and are present in atmosphere in extremely low concentrations. Therefore, owing to their similar inert behaviour and similar electronic configuration, they are justified to be placed in a separate group.

So they are alloted the same position in modern periodic table. Question 2 Name two elements you would expect to show chemical reactions similar to magnesium. What is the basis for your choice? Answer: Beryllium Be and Calcium Ca. Both Be atomic number 4 and Ca atomic number 20 have similar electronic configuration, i. Question 3 Name : a three elements that have a single electron in their outermost shells. Answer: a Lithium : Atomic number � 3 2, 1 ; Sodium : Atomic number � 11 2, 8, 1 ; Potassium : Atomic number � 19 2, 8, 8, 1.

Question 4 a Lithium, sodium, potassium are all metals that react with water to liberate hydrogen gas. Is there any similarity in the atoms of these elements? What, if anything, do their atoms have in common?

Answer: a Lithium, sodium and potassium all belong to the same group. The atoms of lithium, sodium and potassium all have only one electron in their outermost shells and all of these are metals. All of these react with water to form alkalies.

Helium has its first shell completely filled, while neon has its first and second shells K and L completely filled. Question 5 In the modern periodic table, which are class 10th chemistry chapter 5 ncert solutions technology metals among the first ten elements?

Answer: The first ten elements in modern periodic table are hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and neon.

Out of these, lithium, beryllium and boron are metals, because they have 1, 2 and 3 electrons respectively in their outermost shells. Question 6 By considering their position in the Periodic Table, which one of the following elements would you expect to have maximum metallic characteristics? In the periodic table, the elements placed on the left show maximum metallic characteristics. Since beryllium occupies the most left position in comparison to other elements, hence it shows maximum metallic characteristics.

Question 1 Which of the following statements is not a correct statement about the trends wlien going from left to right across the periods of Periodic Table. Answer: c The atoms lose their. Question 2 Element X forms a chloride with the formula XCl 2which is solid with a high melting point. Question 3 Which element has a two shells, both of which are completely filled with electrons?

Question 4 a What property do all elements in the class 10th chemistry chapter 5 ncert solutions technology column of the Periodic Table as boron have in common?

Answer: a Elements in the same column or group as boron have valency of three and have three valence electrons. Question 5 An atom has electronic configuration 2, 8, 7.

Atomic numbers are given in parentheses. Question 6 The positions of class 10th chemistry chapter 5 ncert solutions technology elements A, B and C in the periodic table are shown below : a State whether A is a metal or non-metal.

Answer: a Since the valency of group 17 elements is 1 class 10th chemistry chapter 5 ncert solutions technology all these elements accept electrons, thus A is a non-metal.

Question 7 Nitrogen atomic number 7 and phosphorus atomic number 15 belong to group 15 of the periodic table. Write the electronic configuration of these two elements. Which of these will be more electronegative?

In a group of the periodic table, electron attracting tendency decreases as we move from top to. Question 8 How does the electronic configuration of an atom relate to its position in the Modern Periodic Table? Answer: Modern periodic table is based on the atomic number and atomic number is directly related to the electronic configuration. One can find the group number and period number of an element on the basis of electronic configuration.

For example, if an element has 1 or 2 electrons in its outermost shell, then it would belong to group 1 or group 2. And if it has 3 or more electrons in its outermost shell, then it would belong to group 10 4- the number of electrons in the outermost shell.

All the alkali metals have one electron in their outermost shell, so they are placed in group 1. Thus, all the group 2 elements have 2 electrons in their outermost shell.

In group 15 elements, there are 5 electrons in their outermost shell. Similarly, the number of shells in an element indicates its period number. For example, the atomic number of magnesium is 12 and its electronic configuration is 2, 8, 2. Thus it is an element of 3rd period. Question 9 In the Modern Periodic Table, calcium atomic number 20 is surrounded by elements class 10th chemistry chapter 5 ncert solutions technology atomic number 12, 19, 21 and Which of these have physical and chemical properties resembling calcium?

Periodic classification of elements: Needs for classification, Modern Periodic table, gradation in properties, valency, atomic number, metallic and non-metallic properties. Formulae Handbook for Class 10 Maths and Science. Solution: All the known elements could not be arranged in the form of triads. Take the example of F, Cl and Br.

Atomic mass of Cl is not an arithmetic mean of atomic masses of F and Br. Solution: It was not valid for elements that had atomic masses higher than Ca. When more elements were discovered, such as elements from the noble gases such as He, Ne, Ar, they could not be accommodated in his table. Question class 10th chemistry chapter 5 ncert solutions technology Besides gallium, which other elements have been left by Mendeleev in his periodic table, since the time they were discovered?

Any two Solution: Scandium and Germanium. Question 6 What were the criteria used by Mendeleev in creating his periodic table? Solution: He observed the relationship between the atomic masses of the elements and their physical properties. Among chemical properties, he concentrated on the compounds formed by elements with oxygen and hydrogen.

Question 7 Why do you think, the noble gases are placed in a separate group? Solution: Due to its inert and low concentration in our atmosphere, they could be placed in a new group without disturbing the existing order.

For example, Position of isotopes: All the isotopes of an element have the same number of protons, so their atomic number is also the. Since all the isotopes of an element have the same atomic number, they can be put at one place in the same group of the periodic table.

Question 9 Name two elements, which you would expect to show chemical reactions similar to magnesium. Solution: Calcium and Beryllium are the elements that will show chemical reactions similar to magnesium. This is because beryllium and calcium belong to the same group of periodic table as magnesium. All of them have similar electronic configurations with 2 valence electrons. Question 10 Name: a.

Three elements that have a single electron in their outermost shell. Two elements that have two electrons in their outermost shell. Three elements with filled outermost shell. Solution: a. Three elements that have a single electron in their outermost shell are: 1.

Lithium 2. Sodium 3. Potassium b. Two elements that have class 10th chemistry chapter 5 ncert solutions technology electrons in their outermost shell are: 1.

Magnesium 2. Calcium c. Three elements with filled outermost shell are: 1.

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For example, Position of isotopes: All the isotopes of an element have the same number of protons, so their atomic number is also the same. Since all the isotopes of an element have the same atomic number, they can be put at one place in the same group of the periodic table. Question 9 Name two elements, which you would expect to show chemical reactions similar to magnesium.

Solution: Calcium and Beryllium are the elements that will show chemical reactions similar to magnesium. This is because beryllium and calcium belong to the same group of periodic table as magnesium. All of them have similar electronic configurations with 2 valence electrons each. Question 10 Name: a. Three elements that have a single electron in their outermost shell. Two elements that have two electrons in their outermost shell.

Three elements with filled outermost shell. Solution: a. Three elements that have a single electron in their outermost shell are: 1. Lithium 2. Sodium 3. Potassium b. Two elements that have two electrons in their outermost shell are: 1.

Magnesium 2. Calcium c. Three elements with filled outermost shell are: 1. Argon 2. Helium 3. Question 11 a. Lithium, sodium, potassium are metals that react with water to liberate hydrogen. Helium is an unreactive gas and neon is a gas of extremely low reactivity. What, if anything, do their atoms have in common Solution: a. These elements are alkali metals and they have 1 valence electron in their outermost shell and are therefore very unstable and reactive.

These elements each have full outermost subshell, which results in high stability. They only react with other elements in extreme circumstances, the trait for which they are named. Question 12 In the Modern periodic table, which are the metals among the first ten elements? Solution: The metals are Lithium and Beryllium. Question 13 By considering their position in the periodic table, which one of the following elements would you expect to have maximum metallic characteristic?

Question 14 Which of the following statements is not a correct statement about the trends when going from left to right across the periods of the periodic table? Question 15 Element X forms a chloride with the formula XCl 2 , which is a solid with a high melting point. X would most likely be in the same group of the periodic table as a. Si Solution: b. Question 16 Which element has? Two shells, both of which are completely filled with electrons?

The electronic configuration of 2,8,2? A total of three shells, with four electrons in its valence shell? A total of two shells, with three electrons in its valence shell? Twice as many electrons in its second shell, as in its first shell?

Neon 2,8 b. Magnesium 2,8,2 c. Silicon 2,8,4 d. Boron 2,3 e. Carbon 2,4. Question 17 What property do all elements in the same column of the periodic table as fluorine have in common? Solution: These elements all have 7 electrons in their outermost shells and these often exist as salts, combined with elements from the Alkali metal group. Question 18 An atom has electronic configuration 2,8,7. What is the atomic number of this element?

Question 19 Which type of ion, cation or anion, will be formed by element A? Anion will be formed by element A. Question 20 Nitrogen atomic number 7 and phosphorus atomic number 15 belong to group 15 of the periodic Table. Solution: Electronic configuration � Nitrogen � 2s 2 2p 3 and Phosphorus � 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 3.

Nitrogen will be more electronegative; this is because its atom has small size due to which the attraction of its nucleus for the incoming electron is more. Question 21 How does the electronic configuration of an atom relate to its position in the Modern periodic table? Solution: The electronic configuration of an atom increases in the outermost valence shell which relates to its position in the Modern periodic table.

Question 22 In the Modern periodic table, calcium atomic number 20 is surrounded by elements with atomic numbers 12, 19, 21 and Solution: The atomic number of calcium is 20, so its electronic configuration is 2, 8, 8, 2. Thus, calcium has 2 valence electrons in its outermost shell. Now, the element which has 2 valence electrons, will have physical and chemical properties resembling to that of calcium.

The electronic configuration of element having atomic number 12 is 2, 8, 2. It has 2 valence electrons just like calcium. So, the element having atomic number 12 will have physical and chemical properties resembling that of calcium. Question 23 Where do you think should hydrogen be placed in the Modern periodic table? Solution: Hydrogen element has been placed at the top of group 1, above the alkali metals because the electronic configuration of hydrogen is similar to those of alkali metals.

Question 1. Which of the following is the outermost shell for elements of 2nd period? Because in period 2, there are two shell, K and L.

Question 2. An element which is an essential constituent of all organic compounds belongs to [NCERT Exemplar] a group 1 b group 14 c group 15 d group 16 Answer: b Constituent of all organic compounds is carbon. It belongs to group Question 3. Which one of the following elements exhibit maximum number of valence electrons? Therefore, P has maximum number of valence electrons, i.

Question 4. Which of the given elements A, B, C, D and E with atomic number 2, 3, 7, 10 and 30 respectively belong to the same period? Since, 2nd period has elements having atomic number 3 to Question 5. Which pair of elements belong to the same group? Elements which differ in atomic number by 8, i. Question 6. Answer: Respiration is an exothermic process because during respiration glucose combines with oxygen in the cells of our body to form carbon dioxide and water along with the production of energy.

Question 11 Why are decomposition reactions called the opposite of combination reactions? Write equations for these reactions. Answer: In a decomposition reaction, a single compound breaks down to produce two or more simpler substances.

For example:. While, in a combination reaction, two or more substances simply combine to form a new substance. Question 12 Write one equation each for the decomposition reactions where energy is supplied in the form of heat, light or electricity.

OR Decomposition reactions require energy either in the form of heat or light or electricity for breaking down the reactants.

Write one equation each for decomposition reactions where energy is supplied in the form of heat, light and electricity. Question 13 What is the difference between displacement and double displacement reactions? Answer: In displacement reactions, a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its solution. In double displacement reactions, two reactants in solution exchange their ions.

Question 14 In the refining of silver, the recovery of silver from silver nitrate solution involved displacement by copper metal. Write down the reaction involved. Question 15 What do you mean by a precipitation reaction? Explain by giving examples. Answer: A reaction in which an insoluble solid called precipitate is formed that separates from the solution is called a precipitation reaction.

Question 16 Explain the following in terms of gain or loss of oxygen with two examples each: a Oxidation and b Reduction. Answer: a Oxidation : The addition of oxygen to a substance is called oxidation.

The black coloured compound is copper oxide CuO. The reaction involved is. Question 18 Why do we apply paint on iron articles?

Answer: Paint does not allow iron articles to come in contact with air, water and saves iron articles from damage due to rusting. Question 19 Oil and fat containing food items are flushed with nitrogen. Answer: To keep food items fresh and save from getting oxidised, food items are flushed with nitrogen.

Question 20 Explain the following terms with one example each a Corrosion, b Rancidity. Answer: a Corrosion : It is the process in which metals are eaten up gradually by the action of air, moisture or a chemical such as an acid on their surface.

Example : When iron is exposed to moist air for a long period of time, its surface acquires a coating of a brown, flaky substance called rust.

Rancidity spoils the food materials prepared in fats and oils which have been kept for a considerable time and makes them unfit for eating. Rancidity can be prevented by adding anti-oxidants to foods containing fats and oils.

It can also be prevented by flushing fat and oil containing foods with nitrogen before sealing. Question 1 Which of the given statements about the reaction below are incorrect? Lead is getting reduced b. Carbon dioxide is getting oxidised c. Carbon is getting oxidised d.

Lead oxide is getting reduced i a and b ii a and c iii a , b and c iv all Solution: i a and b. Question 2 The above reaction is an example of a i. Combination reaction ii. Double displacement reaction iii. Decomposition reaction iv. Displacement reaction Solution: iv Displacement reaction. Question 3 What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to iron fillings? Tick the correct answer. Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced b.

Chlorine gas and iron hydroxide are produced c. No reaction takes place d Iron salt and water are produced Solution: Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced.

Solution: An equation for a chemical reaction is an equation in which the number of atoms for each element in the reaction and the total charge is the same for both the reactants and the products. In other words, the mass and the charge are balanced on both sides of the reaction. Hydrogen gas combines with nitrogen to form ammonia b. Hydrogen sulfide gas burns in air to give water and sulfur dioxide c. Barium chloride reacts with Aluminium sulfate to give Aluminium chloride and a precipitate of barium sulphate d.

Potassium metal reacts with water to give a potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas Solution: a. Question 6 Balance the following chemical equations. Question 8 Write the balanced chemical equation for the following and identify the type of reaction of each case.

Solution: a. Question 9 What is meant by exothermic and endothermic reactions? Solution: An exothermic reaction is one that releases heat. If 1 mole of N 2 molecule reacts with 1 mole of O 2 molecule, the heat of KJ has to be supplied to initiate the reaction to give 1 mole of NO molecule. This means that the bonds between N � N and O � O are so strong that they do not break easily.

N 2 has triple covalent bond between the two N atoms. O 2 has a double covalent bond. Thus energy has to be put into the reaction to break the strong bonds. Thus the above reaction is a good example of an endothermic reaction. Solution: During respiration, glucose combines with oxygen in the cells of our body to form carbon dioxide and water along with the production of energy. Write equations for decomposition reactions. Solution: Essentially, decomposition reactions are the opposite of combination reactions.

A compound decomposes i. Most decomposition reactions are endothermic. Another example of decomposition reaction is the heating of calcium carbonate sea shells, chalk :. Question 12 Write one equation each for decomposition reactions in which energy is supplied in the form of heat, light or electricity? Solution: When calcium carbonate is heated, it decomposes to give calcium oxide and carbon dioxide:.

Write relevant equations for the above? Solution: The difference between the displacement and double displacement reactions is that in a displacement reaction one element displaces another by virtue of it being more reactive whereas in a double displacement two anions and two cations switch places between two compounds respectively. Thus Zn displaces Cu in the salt form. Zn is more reactive than Cu. Question 14 In the refining of silver, the recovery of silver from silver nitrate solution involves displacement by copper metal.

We examine the obtained equation and select the next unbalanced element. In the above chemical equation, Na is still not balanced. To balance the number of atoms in Na,. Atoms of Na. Thus, after the balancing the Na, we get the final chemical equation:.

Further, we have to balance the other elements. If we further examine the reaction, no element is found to be unbalanced. This method Ncert Solutions Class 10th Chemistry Chapter 3 Result that we used is called the hit and trial method. Finally, we need to check the accuracy of the equation. To check where the equation is correct, we further tabulate the number of atoms of each element separately. Number of atoms in Reactants LHS. Number of atoms in Products RHS.

The above table clearly reveals that the obtained equation is a balanced equation. Step 1: Enclose all the symbols or formulae in brackets. Step 2: Count the number of atoms in each element on both the sides of the equation. Step 3: From the above table, it is known that hydrogen has the maximum Ncert Solutions Class 10th Chemistry Chapter 4 At number of atoms.

So to balance hydrogen atoms, multiply H 2 O by 3. Step 4: Count further the number of atoms in each element on both sides. Now, to balance the atoms in carbon, multiply CO 2 molecules by 2. There are 7 O-atoms on RHS. To make 7 O-atoms at LHS, we have to write 7 2 before O 2 but we can use only whole number to balance the equation, so we write 7 2 before O 2 and multiply the whole equation by 2.

Thus, after removing the brackets we get the final and correct chemical equation. The facts that remain unexplained in a chemical equation are. The physical state of the substances like the changes in the colour during the reaction.

The reaction conditions. The changes in the evolution or the absorption of energy. Completion of the reaction. The physical states of the reactants and products can be represented by using the symbols, s for solid, l for liquid, g for gas and aq for aqueous solution, alongwith their respective formulae. Liberation of gas and precipitation can be represented by and respectively.

The circumstances under which reaction takes place like temperature, pressure, catalyst, etc. The chemical reactions depend upon the type of chemical changes taking place and they are classified as:. When two or more reactants are combined to form a single substance in a chemical reaction, then the reaction is called a combination reaction.

Ex: Calcium Oxide reacts very fast and strongly with water to form calcium hydroxide slaked lime. The reaction given below is highly exothermic, because a lot of heat is liberated during the reaction. Calcium oxide Water Calcium. Quick Lime Hydroxide. This is a reaction in which a single reactant breaks down to form two or more products.

This reaction is opposite to combination reaction. On the basis of the energy form required for the reaction, this reaction is classified into three types:.

Thermal decomposition: This reaction uses the heat energy for decomposition of the reactant. Ferrous Sulphate Ferric oxide Sulpur dioxide Sulphur trioxide. Electrolysis: These reactions use the electrical energy for the decomposition of the reactant molecules. Ex: When electric current is passed through water, it decomposes to give water and hydrogen. Electric current. Water Hydrogen Oxygen. Photolysis or photochemical decomposition: These reactions use light energy for the purpose of decomposition.

Ex: Silver chloride decomposes to produce silver metal and chlorine gas when exposed to sunlight. Silver bromide Silver Bromine.

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