Question 1. Define the term National Income? Answer: National income is defined as the total value of all final goods and services produced with a country plus net income from transactions like export and import with other countries. Question 2.
Define GDP. Question 3. What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? Question 4. Why is the total income of countries not used to make comparisons between them? Question 5. Literacy rate measures the proportion of literate population in which age group? Question 6. Which state of India has the lowest infant mortality rate? Question 7.
What is Human Development Index? Question 8. Name the report published by UNDP which compares countries based on the educational levels of the people, their health status and per capita income.
Question 9. Question What is the advantage of per capita income? Mention any one. What do final goods and services mean? Why is sustainable development essential? Give one reason. Resources are to be used in such a way that they are not overexploited. Why is per capita income of different countries calculated in dollars and not in their own currencies by the World Bank? Board Question Answer: Per capita income of different countries is calculated in dollars and not in their own currencies because the dollar has been the strongest and stablest currency since the end of the 2nd World War and it becomes easy to compare the per capita incomes of various countries when these are converted into a common currency, i.
Board Question Answer: Different persons have different notions of development because life situations of persons are different. For example, Construction of dams leads to generation of hydroelectricity, thus development.
However many people have to be displaced from their villages, hence it may not be development for them. What is meant by sustainability of development? Board Question Answer: This signifies that the level of economic development of a country should be maintained or sustained in all the years. Development in the present should not compromise with the needs of the future generations.
Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? Illustrate with your own examples related to development. What is per capita income? Mention any two limitations of per capita income as an indicator of development. Money cannot buy all the goods and services that are needed to live well. So income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services that citizens are able to use. For example, money can not buy a pollution-free environment or ensure that one gets unadulterated medicines, unless one can afford to shift to a community that already has all these things.
Kerala, with lower per capita income, has a better human development ranking than Punjab. Hence, per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare States. Do you agree? High per capita income is not the only attribute to a good quality life.
Money cannot buy all the essential things required for a good life. Pollution-free atmosphere to ensure good health, protection from infectious diseases, lowering of mortality rate, promotion of literacy, etc.
In order to achieve these, joint efforts have to be made by all members of a community, be it rich or poor. Kerala ranks higher compared to Punjab even with a lower per capita income because�. Elaborate with examples. Each one of them seeks different things. The seek things that are most important for them, i. In fact at times two persons or groups of persons may seek things which are conflicting. A girl expects as much freedom and opportunity as her brother and that he also shares in the household work.
Her brother may not like this. To get more electricity, industrialists may want more dams. But this may submerge the land and disrupt the lives of people who are displaced, such as tribals. They might resent this and may prefer small check dams or tanks to irrigate their land.
What are common developmental goals? Give any two suitable examples of common developmental goals. These are common developmental goals. The developmental goals that people have are not only about better income but also about other important things in life. More income or more material goods do not always give us a good quality life. There are other aspects such as equal treatment, freedom, security, opportunity to learn, good working conditions, pollution-free atmosphere, job security and good social life which are very important for a good quality life.
Money or material things that one can buy with it, is one factor on which our life depends. But quality of our life also depends on non-material things, for example, the role of our friends in our life which cannot be measured but mean a lot to us. Justify your answer with any three suitable arguments. Money cannot buy all the goods and services one needs to live well. Apart from income, which other six things people look for as important aspects of our lives?
Pollution-free atmosphere to ensure good health, protection from infectious diseases, lowering of mortality rate, promotion of literacy, job security, good working conditions, etc. One what basis the rich and low income countries have been categorized in the world? What are the limitations of this approach? According to the World Development Report, , India comes in which category? Give reason for the same. Countries with per capita income of? Why do people look at a mix of goals for development?
Answer: Though income is one of the most important components of development, but there are other important goals which people look at for development�. Why do different persons have different notions of development? Which of the following explanations is more important and why? Aspirations are based on their needs. At times people may have conflicting developmental goals also. What may be development for one may not be development for another.
It may even be destructive for the other. Example, Industrialists may want construction of more dams for more electricity, but this may lead to displacement of tribals who live in those areas and thereby disrupt their lives.
Example, The inhabitants of Nandigram in West Bengal are mainly agriculturists and their aspirations are to see development in the field of agriculture, whereas to some it may appear that industrial advancement is more necessary for national development.
What does HDI stand for? Main criteria of measuring HDI:. Explain with examples that there are other important development goals also besides income. Another example, if we get a job in a far off place, before accepting it we would try consider many factors apart from income such as facilities for our family, working atmosphere, or opportunity to learn.
Similarly, for development, people look at a mix of goals. It is true that if women are engaged in paid work, their dignity increases. However, it is also the case that if there is respect for women there would be more sharing of house work and greater acceptance of women. Explain any five fields other than income where development is needed. Explain with reasons why state of Punjab with a very high per capita income has a low literacy rate.
This can be seen in the case of Punjab which has a very high per capita income but a low literacy rate. Money cannot ensure education and literacy. Another reason for low literacy rate in Punjab could be the lack of free and compulsory educational facilities. The government needs to open more schools and provide other facilities so that all children have a chance to study. It indicates the number of children that die before the age of 1 year as a proportion of live children bom in that particular year.
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