Last Updated: March 31, References. To create this article, 27 people, some anonymous, worked to edit and improve it over time. This article has been viewed , times. Learn more Carving a wooden propeller can be a complex process that takes a lot of planning and work.
You need to pay strong attention to detail. If you are looking to make a propeller as a fun toy or decoration, you can afford to make mistakes. However, if you plan to use a propeller on an engine, it is best to take a class to get a good handle on how to create a propeller for flight.
Building a propeller takes some practice and you may end up working on a few practice propellers before you get one that works. To make a propeller, start by designing the length and number of blades. If you're new to making propellers, you'll want to start with 2 blades since it's easier to construct.
As for the length, you can determine the limit by measuring the distance from the nose of your aircraft to the ground since you don't want your propeller to hit the dirt! Once you have a design, begin your build by laminating several planks of wood together since this will make a stronger blade than using 1 thick piece of wood. To learn how to check the balance of your propeller, keep reading! Did this summary help you?
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Search for a design pattern. If possible, try to locate a design pattern for a propeller that will suit your needs. You will need to know the engine power, prop diameter and RPM's and see if you can find plans for a wooden propeller that is ideal for your specs. You can search for designs online, or try checking out a book at the local library. Some books have sample prop blueprints to get you started.
Decide how many blades your propeller will have. Most propellers have two, three, or four blades. Some large aircraft use propellers with even more blades. The more powerful the engine driving the propellers, the more propellers will be needed to distribute the power evenly. Adding blades adds cost, weight and building time. Determine the length for your blades. Similar to the amount of propeller blades, increasing the length of the blades can help to handle a more powerful engine.
However, blade length can only be increased so much because the blades still need to clear the ground. Measure the distance between the nose and the ground to get an idea of your blade length limitations. Shape the airfoil. A propeller blade is thick at the hub with a large blade angle and thin at the tip with a low blade angle.
Propeller blades are fixed to their hub at an angle, just as the thread on a screw makes an angle to the shaft. Consider the proper twist for your propeller blades. A propeller blade is like a wing with a twist.
The twist of the blade makes the propeller more efficient at pushing air or water. This is because the speed of the propeller blade is much faster at the tip than at the hub. By twisting the blades, the propeller can maintain the same angle of attack across the length of the blades. To figure out the pitch you can use a prop calc. Determine a material for your propeller blades.
All well-built wood propellers are better at handling the aircraft vibrations, [4] X Research source but you need to use a strong, light wood like maple or birch.
A straight grain that is uniform will help with balancing the prop. You can use extra pieces that you cut. The more layers you have the stronger your prop will be. Even if the layers are very thin. To safe time you can try to find a lumber supplier that makes laminated wood planks that will suit your purpose. Draw out a pattern for your propeller.
Now that you have determined how you want your propeller to look, create a pattern using a thick cardboard or poster board. Create the propeller in actual size. Include the center hole and draw a separate model for the pitch. Cut out the patterns. These will be used as guides for carving the prop. Part 2 of Arrange the wooden planks. You will need pieces of wood of various lengths. The longest pieces of wood should be in the middle with the smallest pieces on the top.
Measure each blade to make sure it is equal in length. A propeller must have as much balance as possible in each blade to operate as desired. Each blade should be crafted to be uniform as the rest. Laminate the planks together.
You will need to use a very strong glue, like Resorcinol, to create aircraft propellers. It may seem easier to use one large piece Small Wooden Sailing Boats Instagram of wood, but you will have a stronger material by gluing a number of smaller pieces tightly together. Clamp or tie the boards together for 24 hours. Use a vice and a table to keep pressure on the boards while the adhesive dries. You may find that using several clamps at various parts of the board will do a better job of keeping out any air.
Part 3 of Place your pattern over the block of wood and trace the profile of the propeller. Draw a line all the way around the shape of the blade. Mark the hole in the center. Keep the prop stable. You may want to use a vice to secure the propeller while you work.
If you don't have one you can tie down one side of the propeller to the table while you work on the other end to keep it secure. Drill the center hole. Mark the hole from you design cutout, then drill it with a one inch drill bit. The hole should be at close to the center of the wood, but doesn't need to be exact. Trim off the excess wood. Cut the wood around the shape of the propeller profile. Use as saw and cut as close to the lines that were traced on the wood as possible.
Mark the pitch angle across the edge of the wood.
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