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Concept insight: For answering this question , write the balanced chemical equations. Zinc is more reactive than iron. Therefore, if zinc is added to a solution of iron II sulphate, then it would displace iron from the solution and a colourless solution of zinc sulphate is formed. Concept insight: For answering this question, remember that metals lose electrons and form positively charged cations.
Non- metals gain electrons and form negatively charged anions. A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its oxide. Out of zinc, magnesium and copper, magnesium is the most reactive, zinc is less reactive and copper is the least reactive. Concept insight: The key to this answer is the displacement reaction. A displacement reaction takes place when a more reactive metal is able to displace a less reactive metal from its salt solution.
Concept insight: For this question, write all the chemical properties of metals and non- metals. Concept insight: For answering this question, recall that what is it which reacts with gold. Enter the OTP sent to your number Change. Resend OTP. Don't miss this! Ok Cancel. Ok Choose Chapter. Ok Choose Topic. Yes No. Choose Subjects. Choose Chapters. Chapter 3 - Metals and Non-metals Exercise 40 Solution 1.
If only name of the metal is asked, write the name only. Malleable: Substances that can be beaten into thin sheets on hammering are called malleable. For example - most of the metals like gold are malleable. Ductile: Substances that can be drawn into thin wires are called ductile. For example -most of the metals like copper and aluminium are ductile. Concept insight: For answering this question, write the complete definition of melleable and ductile.
Remember the key words - malleable related to thin sheets and ductile related to wires. Chapter 3 - Metals and Non-metals Exercise 46 Solution 1. Sodium is a very reactive metal. It combines explosively with air as well as water. Hence, it catches fire if kept in open. Therefore, to prevent accidental fires and accidents, sodium is kept immersed in kerosene oil.
Concept insight: The key to this answer is that sodium is a very reactive metal. Hydrogen gas is evolved when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a reactive metal. When iron reacts with dilute H 2 SO 4 , iron II sulphate with the evolution of hydrogen gas is formed. Chapter 3 - Metals and Non-metals Exercise 49 Solution 1. Ionic compounds have strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the ions.
Therefore, it requires a lot of energy to overcome these forces and melt the ionic compounds. That is why, ionic compounds have high melting points. Concept insight: The key to this answer is in the type of bonding that exists in ionic compounds. Chapter 3 - Metals and Non-metals Exercise 53 Solution 1. Concept insight: For answering this question, write the proper definition of all the three terms. The metals at the bottom of the reactivity series are mostly found in free state. For example: gold, silver and platinum.
Concept insight: The key to this answer is that what type of metals will exist in free state. The chemical process used for obtaining a metal from its oxide is reduction. In this process, metal oxides are reduced by using suitable reducing agents such as carbon or by highly reactive metals to displace the metals from their oxides. For example, zinc oxide is reduced to metallic zinc by heating with carbon.
Concept insight: The key to this answer is that the conversion of metal oxide to metal is a reduction of metal oxide. Chapter 3 - Metals and Non-metals Exercise 55 Solution 1. Less reactive metals i. For example - gold. Concept insight: More reactive a metal is, more likely it is to be corroded.
Less reactive a metal is, less likely it is to get corroded. Alloys are homogeneous mixtures of two or more elements. The elements could be two metals, or a metal and a non-metal. For example, steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. Concept insight: For answering this question, write the comnplete definition of alloys with all the key words - homogeneous mixture, two or more elements. Chapter 3 - Metals and Non-metals Exercise 56 Solution 1. However, in case of iron frying pan, grease and paint cannot be applied because when the pan will be heated and washed again and again, the coating of grease and paint would get destroyed.
Concept insight: The key to this answer is to find which oxide has a high melting point and is also soluble in water. Concept insight: Food cans are coated with tin and not with zinc because zinc is more reactive than tin.
Similarly, we can use the battery, bulb, wires, and a switch to set up a circuit with the sample. If the sample conducts electricity, then it is a metal otherwise a non-metal. These tests are based on physical properties and no chemical reactions are involved in these tests. But out of zinc, magnesium, and copper metals, magnesium is the most reactive, zinc is less reactive whereas copper is the least reactive metal. Question 3 What are alloys? Answer: An alloy is a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals, or a metal and a non-metal.
For example, bronze is an alloy of copper and tin. Metals and Nonmetals Class 10 Question 1. Which of the following pairs will give displacement reactions?
Answer: d AgNO 3 solution and copper metal. Question 2. Which of the following methods is suitable for preventing an iron frying pan from rusting? Answer: c Applying a coating of zinc. Question 3. An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point. This compound is also soluble in water. The element is likely to be a calcium b carbon c silicon d iron Answer: a Calcium. Question 4. Food cans are coated with tin and not with zinc because a zinc is costlier than tin b zinc has a higher melting point than tin c zinc is less reactive than tin d zinc is more reactive than tin.
Answer: d Zinc is more reactive than tin. Metals and Non metals Class 10 Question 5. You are given a hammer, a battery, a bulb, wires and a switch. Answer: a Metals can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking. Non-metals cannot be beaten with a hammer to form thin sheets.
Non-metals break into pieces when hammered. Metals are malleable, while non-metals are non-melleable. When metals are connected into circuit using a battery, bulb, wires and switch, current passes through the circuit and the bulb glows. When non-metals like sulphur are connected, the bulb does not light up at all. Metals are good conductors of electricity. Metals are good conductors of electricity so these can be used for electrical cables.
Question 6. What are amphoteric oxides? Give two examples of amphoteric oxides? OR Write chemical equations that show aluminium oxide reacts with acid as well as base. In other words, metal oxides that react wtih both acids and bases to form salt and water are called amphoteric oxides. Aluminium oxide and zinc oxide are amphoteric in nature. Question 7. Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which will not.
Answer: i Metals above hydrogen in the activity series like sodium and magnesium displace hydrogen from dilute acids. Question 8. In the electrolytic refining of a metal M, what would you take as the anode, the cathode and the electrolyte? Question 9. Pratyush took sulphur powder on a spatula and heated it. He collected the gas evolved by inverting a test tube over it, as shown in the figure. Answer: i Dry litmus paper � no action. Question State two ways to prevent the rusting of iron. Answer: Ways to prevent rusting of iron are : a By painting b By galvanizing.
What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen? Answer: Non-metals combine with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides. Give reasons : a Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery.
Answer: a Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery because these Ncert Solutions Class 10th Chemistry Chapter 5 Journal are malleable and ductile. These are highly resistant to corrosion. This is due to their low ignition temperature and high reactivity.
This layer prevents aluminium to react with other substances. Since it is easier to obtain metals from their oxides than from their carbonates or sulphides directly, therefore, the carbonate and sulphide ores are first converted to oxides for extracting the metals. You must have seen tarnished copper vessels being cleaned with lemon or tamarind juice.
Explain why these sour substances are effective in cleaning the vessels. Answer: The sour substances such as lemon or tamarind juice contain acids. These acids dissolve the coating of copper oxide or basic copper carbonate present on the surface of tarnished copper vessels and makes them shining red-brown again.
Differentiate between metal and non-metal on the basis of their chemical properties. A man went door-to door posing as a goldsmith. He promised to bring back the glitter of old and dull gold ornaments. An unsuspecting lady gave a set of gold bangles to him which he dipped in a particular solution. The bangles sparkled like new but their weight was reduced drastically.
The lady was upset but after a futile argument the man beat a hasty repeat. Can you play the detective to find out the nature of the solution he has used? Answer: The dishonest goldsmith dipped the gold bangles in aqua-regia which contains 1 part of concentrated nitric acid and 3 parts of concentrated hydrochloric acid, by volume.
Aqua-regia dissolved a considerable amount of gold from gold bangles and hence reduced their weight drastically. The dishonest goldsmith can recover the dissolved gold from Ncert Solutions Class 10th Chemistry Chapter 1 Eng aqua-regia by a suitable treatment.
Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel analloy of iron. Answer: i Copper is a better conductor of heat than steel. But steel corrodes easily.
Metals and non metals: Properties of metals and non-metals, reactivity series, Formation and properties of ionic compounds, Basic metallurgical processes, corrosion and its prevention. Question 1 What are amphoteric oxides? Give two examples of amphoteric oxides. Solution: Amphoteric oxides are the oxides, which react with both acids and bases to form salt and water. Question 2 Name two metals, which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids, and two metals which will not.
Solution: Very reactive metals like Zn and Mg displace hydrogen from dilute acids. On the other hand less reactive metals like Cu, Ag, etc. Question 3 In the electrolytic refining of a metal M, what would you take as the anode, the cathode and the electrolyte?
Solution: Anode is impure, thick block of metal M. Electrolyte is a suitable salt solution of metal M. Metals and nonmetals Class 10 PDF. Question 4 State two ways to prevent the rusting of iron.
Solution: By coating the surface of iron by rust proof paints. By applying oil or grease to the surface of iron objects so that supply of air consisting of moisture is cut off form the surface. Question 5 What types of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen?
Solution: When non-metals combine with oxygen it forms either neutral or acidic oxides. Metals replace hydrogen from dilute acids, where as non-metals do not. Carbonate and sulphide ores are usually converted into oxides during the process of extraction. Solution: i. Metals are electropositive in nature. They readily lose electrons. These electrons reduce the protons liberated from the acid to liberate hydrogen gas, where as non-metals possess a tendency to gain electrons and hence they do not furnish electrons to protons liberated from acids.
Hence H 2 gas is not liberated. As it is easier to reduce metal oxides to metal, prior to reduction, metal sulphides and carbonates must be converted to oxides. Question 7 Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties. Question 8 Explain why the surface of some metals acquires a dull appearance when exposed to air for a long time.
Solution: This is due to the surface oxidation of metals when exposed to moist air. For e. CuCO 3. Similarly silver becomes black due to the formation of black Ag 2 S and Aluminium forms a white coating of Al2O3 on its surface.
Question 9 State which of the following metals would give hydrogen when added to dilute hydrochloric acid. Iron, ii. Copper iii. Magnesium Copper does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid at all. This shows that copper is even less reactive than iron. Question 10 Name a non-metallic element, which conducts electricity. Solution: Carbon in the form of graphite conducts electricity, as there is a free electron in each carbon atom, which moves freely in between the hexagonal layers. Question 11 Which metals do not corrode easily?
Solution: Gold and platinum and other noble metals do not corrode in air. Question 12 What are alloys? Solution: Alloys are homogeneous mixtures of two or more metals, or a metal and a non-metal. Question 13 Define the following terms. Example: Alums, K 2 SO 4. Bauxite Ncert Solutions Class 10th Chemistry Chapter 4 Journal Al 2 O 3.
All minerals are not ores but all ores are minerals. The impurity of sand and rock materials present in the ore is known as gangue. Question 14 Name two metals that are found in nature in the free state.
Solution: Gold and platinum are found in the free state in nature. Question 15 What is chemical process used for obtaining a metal from its oxide? Question 16 Name two metals, which can form hydrides with metals.
Solution: Sodium and calcium form stable hydrides on reacting with hydrogen. Question 17 Does every mineral have a definite and a fixed composition? Solution: Yes, every mineral has a definite and a fixed composition. These minerals are formed as a result of chemical changes taking place during the formation of earth.
Class 10 metals and nonmetals Question 18 Explain the meaning of malleable and ductile. Ductile is being able to be drawn into thin wires.
Question 19 i. Write the electron dot structures for sodium, oxygen and magnesium. Show the formation of MgO and Na 2 O by the transfer of electrons. What are the ions present in these compounds? Formation of Magnesium oxide When magnesium reacts with oxygen, the magnesium atom transfers its two outermost electrons to an oxygen atom. Formation of Sodium oxide Two sodium atoms transfer their 2 outermost electrons to an oxygen atom. And by gaining two electrons, the oxygen atom forms an oxide ion O Question 20 You must have seen tarnished copper vessels being cleaned with lemon or tamarind juice.
Solution: The sour substances such as lemon or tamarind juice contain acids. These acids dissolve the coating of copper oxide or basic copper carbonate present on the surface of tarnished copper vessels and make them shining red-brown again. Question 21 Give an example of a metal which i. Mercury is in liquid state at room temperature. Sodium and potassium are soft metals which can be easily cut with a knife.
Silver is the best conductor of electricity. Mercury is a poor conductor of heat. Question 22 Why is sodium kept immersed in kerosene? Solution: Sodium metal is kept immersed in kerosene to prevent their reaction with oxygen, moisture and carbon dioxide of air.
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