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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History Chapter 5 in PDF form for

NCERT solutions for class 10 science give a strong foundation for every concept. Working on NCERT solutions will ensure a smooth and clear understanding of all the histoyr concepts. Question 1 What would be the electron dot structure of carbon dioxide which has the formula CO 2? Question 2 What would be mournal dot structure of sulphur which is made up of eight atoms of sulphur. Question 1 How many structural isomers can you draw for pentane?

Answer: Three, these are n-pentane, iso-pentane and neo-pentane. Question 2 What are the two properties of carbon which lead to the huge number of carbon compounds we see around us? Answer: i Tetravalency ii Catenation.

Question 3 What will be the formula and electron dot structure of cyclopentane? Answer: The molecular formula of cyclopentane is C 5 H The electron dot structure of cyclopentane is given on the next page. Structural isomers for bromopentane: There are three structural isomers for bromopentane jourhal on the position of Br at carbon 1, 2, 3.

Positions 4 and 5 are same as 1, 2. Question 5 How would you name the following compounds? Answer: i Bromoethane ii Methanal iii 1 � Hexyne. Question 1 Why is the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid an oxidation reaction? Answer: Conversion of ethanol into ethanoic acid is an oxidation reaction because addition of oxygen to a substance is called oxidation. Here, oxygen is added to ethanol by oxidising agent like alkaline potassium permanganate or acidified potassium dichromate solutionns it is converted into acid.

Question 2 A mixture of oxygen and histroy is burnt for welding. Can you tell why a hisotry of ethyne ncert solutions for class 10th history chapter 4 journal air is not used? Answer: A mixture of ethyne and air is not used for welding because burning of ethyne in air produces a sooty flame due to incomplete combustion, which is not enough to melt metals for welding. Question 1 How would you distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid?

Answer: Differences class alcohol and carboxylic acid. Question 2 What are oxidising agents? Answer: Oxidising agents are the substances which give oxygen to another substances or jpurnal remove hydrogen from a substance. For example, acidic K 2 Cr 2 O 7 is an oxidising agent, that gistory oxidises ethanol into ethanoic acid.

Question 1 Would you be able to check if water ncert solutions for class 10th history chapter 4 journal hard by using a detergent?

Answer: No, because detergents can lather well even in hard water. They do not form insoluble calcium or magnesium salts scum.

On reacting with the calcium ions and magnesium ions present in the hard water. Question 2 People use a variety of methods to solutione clothes. Why is agitation necessary to get clean clothes?

Answer: It Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 2 Visa is necessary to agitate to get clean clothes because the soap micelles which entrap oily or greasy particles on the surface of dirty cloth have cpass be removed from its surface. When the cloth wetted in soap solution is agitated or beaten, the micelles containing oily or greasy dirt get removed from ror surface of dirty cloth and go into water and the dirty cloth gets cleaned.

Question 1 Ethane, with the molecular formula C 2 H 6 has a 6 covalent bonds b 7 covalent bonds c 8 covalent bonds d 9 covalent bonds Answer: b 7 covalent bonds. Question 2 Butanone is a four-carbon compound with the functional group a carboxylic acid b aldehyde c ketone d alcohol Answer: c Ketone. Question 3 While cooking, if the bottom of the vessel solytions getting blackened on the outside, it means that a the food is not cooked completely.

Answer: b The fuel is not burning completely. Question 4 Explain the nature of the covalent bond using chaptdr bond formation in CH 3 Cl.

Answer: Covalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons so that the combining atoms complete their outermost shell. Chlorine completes its outer shell by sharing its one out of seven electrons ncetr one electron of carbon atom. Thus carbon atom shares ncert solutions for class 10th history chapter 4 journal its four electrons with three hydrogen atoms and one of chlorine atom and completes its outermost shell and single covalent bonds histoory formed in CH 3 Cl.

Question 5 Chaper the electron dot structures for a ethanoic acid b propanone c H 2 S d F 2. Question 6 What is solutins homologous series? Explain with an example.

Answer: Homologous series jcert A homologous series is a group of organic compounds having similar structures and similar chemical properties in which the successive compounds differ by -CH 2 group. Characteristics of homologous series : i All members of a homologous series can be represented by the same general formula. Question 7 How can ethanol and ethanoic acid he differentiated on the basis of their physical and chemical properties?

Answer: Difference on the basis of physical properties. Question 8 Why does micelle formation take place when soap is added to water? Will a micell be formed in other solvents such as ethanol also?

Answer: Micelle formation takes place when soap is added to water because the hydrocarbon chains of soap molecules are hydrophobic water repelling which are insoluble in water, but the ionic ends of soap molecules are hydrophilic water attracting and hence soluble in water. Such micelle formation will not be possible in other solvents like ethanol in which sodium salt of fatty acids do chspter dissolve.

Question 9 Why are carbon and its compounds used as fuels for most applications? Answer: Carbon and its compounds give a large amount nceet ncert solutions for class 10th history chapter 4 journal per unit weight and are therefore, used as fuels for most applications. Question 10 Explain the formation hietory scum when hard water is treated with soap. Answer: Hard water contains salts of calcium and magnesium.

Calcium and magnesium on reacting with soap form insoluble precipitate called scum. The scum formation lessens the cleansing property of soaps in hard water.

Question ncert solutions for class 10th history chapter 4 journal What change will you observe if you test soap with litmus paper red and blue? Answer: Red litmus will turn blue because soap is alkaline in nature. Blue litmus remains blue in soap solution. Question 12 What is hydrogenation?

What is its industrial application? Answer: The addition of hydrogen to an unsaturated hydrocarbon to obtain a saturated hydro-carbon is called hydrogenation. The process of hydrogenation takes place in the presence of nickel Ni or palladium Pd metals as catalyst.

Application : The process of hydrogenation has an important industrial application. It is used to prepare vegetable ghee or vanaspati ghee from vegetable oils. So addition journzl take place only in C 3 H 6 and C 2 H 2. Question 14 Give a test that can be used to differentiate chemically between butter and cooking oil. Answer: Butter is a saturated carbon compound while cooking oil is an unsaturated carbon compound.

An unsaturated compound decolourises bromine water, while a saturated compound cannot decolourise it. So we can distinguish chemically between a cooking oil and butter by the bromine water. Add bromine water to a little of cooking oil and ncert solutions for class 10th history chapter 4 journal taken in separate test-tubes. Question 15 Explain the mechanism of the cleaning action of soaps.

OR Explain the cleansing action of soaps. In this way the soap micelle entraps the oily or greasy particles Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 7 Iso by jouranl its hydrocarbon ends. The ionic ends of the soap molecules in the micelles, however, remain ncert solutions for class 10th history chapter 4 journal to water. When the dirty cloth jurnal agitated in soap solution, the oily and greasy particles present on its surface and entrapped by soap micelles get dispersed in water due to which the soap water becomes dirty but the cloth gets cleaned.

The cloth is cleaned thoroughly by rinsing in clean water a number of times. Carbon ncrrt Covalent bonding in carbon compounds, Versatile nature of carbon, Homologous series, Nomenclature of carbon compounds containing functional groups, halogens, alcohol, ketones, aldehydes, alkanes, and alkynesdifference between saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Chemical properties of carbon compounds combustion, oxidation, addition and substitution reaction. Ethanol only properties and usesEthanoic acid only properties and usessoaps and ncert solutions for class 10th history chapter 4 journal. Formulae Handbook for Class 10 Maths and Science.

Question 2 What would be the electron dot structure of a molecule of sulphur, which is made up of eight atoms of sulphur? Hint � The eight atoms of sulphur are joined together in the form of a ring. Question 3 How many structural isomers can ncertt draw for pentane? Solution: We can draw 3 structural isomers for pentane. Question 4 What are the two properties of carbon that lead to the huge number of carbon compounds we see around us?

Solution: Due to its large valency, carbon solutoons can form solutoons bonds with a number of carbon atoms as well as with a large number of other atoms such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine and many more atoms.

This leads to the formation of a large number of organic compounds. Question 5 What will be the formula and electron dot structure of Cyclopentane? Ncert solutions for class 10th history chapter 4 journal 6 Draw the structures for the following compounds.

Ethanoic acid ii. Bromopentane iii. Butanone iv. Hexanal Solution:. Question 7 How would you solutipns the following compounds? Solution: i.

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Planters, mine owners and colonial governments took advantage of this situation. Thus, rinderpest played an important role in making Africa a puppet in the hands of colonisers. It saw the use of machine guns,tanks, aircrafts, chemical weapons, etc. The scale of death and destruction was beyond imagination. These deaths and injuries reduced the able-bodied workforce in Europe, with fewer numbers within the family, household incomes declined after the war.

They took jobs to run their families. Thus, their activities were no longer limited to home and hearth. The war taught them how to bear double burden. Hence, the impact of the Great Depression could be seen on India too.

The depression immediately affected Indian trade. Between and , wheat prices in India fell by 50 per cent. This made the lives of peasants and farmers miserable.

Peasants producing for the world market were the worst hit. They used up their savings, mortgaged lands and sold whatever jewellery and precious metals they had to meet their expenses.

This made India an exporter of precious metals, notably gold. Indian gold exports promoted global economic recovery but the Indian peasants were bound to lead a miserable life. Question 4. Give two examples from history to show the impact of technology on food availability.

Answer: Technology played a major role in making food available. This can be understood by the following examples:. Now animals were slaughtered for food at the starting point in America, Australia or New Zealand and then exported to Europe where meat was scarce. The poor in Europe could now add meat to their diet.

Question 5. What is meant by the Bretton Woods Agreement? In this system, national currencies were pegged to the dollar at a fixed exchange rate. Question 6. Imagine that you are an indentured Indian labourer in the Caribbean. Drawing from the details in Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 2 Journal this chapter, write a letter to your family describing your life and feelings.

Actually the agents, who hired me and others, provided false information about final destinations, modes of travel, the nature of the work, and living and working conditions. We are forced to live in harsh conditions.

What is more we have Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 7 Pdf been given few legal rights. I am very upset and so are my fellow indentured labourers. In spite ofour best efforts, most of us fail to do the works allotted to us properly and in given time frame. In case of absenteeism from work, one is prosecuted and even sent to jail. Deductions are also made from wages if the work is considered to have been done unsatisfactorily.

Many labourers cannot therefore earn their full wages and are punished in various ways. Actually, we are slaves without any rights and freedoms. I am afraid I can lose my family. Although I am in great trouble, I have full faith in God.

One day He will shower His blessings on me and my fellow labourers. Yours Raman. Question 7. Explain the three types of movements or flows within international economic exchange. Find one example of each type of flow which involved India and Indians, and write a short account of it. Answer: The three types of movements or flows within international economic exchange are:. With industrialisation, British cotton manufacture began to expand and industrialists pressurised the government to restrict cotton imports and protect local industries.

Tariffs were imposed on cloth imports into Britain. As a result, the inflow of fine Indian cotton began to decline. But the value of British exports to India was much higher than the value of British imports from India.

Britain used this surplus to balance its trade deficits with other countries. By helping Britain balance its deficits, India played a crucial role in the late nineteenth century world economy. Question 8. Explain the causes of the Great Depression. Answer: The Great Depression began around and lasted till the mids. During this period most parts of the world experienced catastrophic decline in production, employment, incomes and trade.

The depression was caused by a combination of several factors:. As prices fell and agricultural incomes declined, farmers tried to expand production and bring a larger volume of produce to the market to maintain their overall income. This worsened the glut an excessive supply in the market, pushing down prices even further.

Farm produce rotted as there were no buyers. While it was often extremely easy to raise loans in the US when the going was good, the US overseas lenders panicked at the first sign of trouble. A year later it was one quarter of that amount.

Countries that depended crucially on US loans now faced an acute crisis. The withdrawal of the US loans affected much of the rest of the world. In Europe, it led to the failure of some major banks and the collapse of currencies such as the British pound sterling. In Latin America and elsewhere it intensified the fall in agricultural and raw material prices.

With the fall in prices and the prospect of depression, the US banks also slashed domestic lending and called back loans. Faced with falling incomes, many households in the US could not repay what they had borrowed. Students can use the provided PDFs in both online as well as on offline mode and undertake their examination with confidence. This subject contains eight chapters per the latest syllabus.

Chapter 1 - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe. Chapter 3 - Nationalism in India. Chapter 4 - The Making of a Global World. Chapter 5 - The Age of Industrialisation. Chapter 6 - Work, Life and Leisure. Chapter 7 � Print Culture and the Modern World.

Chapter 8 � Novels, Society and History. The Rise of Nationalism in Europe explains how the idea of nationalism and nation-state emerged in Europe. Here, students will learn about the French Revolution. Besides, it includes details about the making of Germany and France. The chapter ends with the topic of nationalism and imperialism.

Communist movement and Vietnamese Nationalism, the role of women in the anti-imperialist movement in Vietnam are briefly explained in this chapter.

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