Formulae Handbook for Class 10 Maths and Science. Page 16 Q1. Development of a country can generally be determined by i its per capita income ii its average literacy level iii health status of its people iv all the above Answer: iv all the above. Which of the following neighbouring countries has better performance in terms of human development than India? Assume there are four families in a country.
The average per capita income of these families is Rs If the income of three families is Rs , Rs and Rs respectively, what is the income of the fourth family? What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any?
In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank? Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? Illustrate with your own examples related to the development. Kerala, with lower per capita income, has a better human development ranking than Punjab. Hence, per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare states.
Do you agree? It is correct to say that per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare states due to reasons as mentioned below :. Find out the present sources of energy that are used by the people in India. What could be the other possibilities fifty years from now? The present sources of energy that are used by the people of India are electricity, coal, crude oil, cowdung and solar energy.
Other possibilities fifty years from now, could include ethanol, bio-diesel, nuclear energy and better utilization of wind energy, especially with the imminent danger of oil resources running out. Why is the issue of sustainability is important for development? Sustainable development means that development should meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
However, since the second half of the twentieth century, a number of scientists have been warning that the present type and levels of development are not sustainable. The issue of sustainable development has emerged from rapid industrialization of the world in the past century. It is felt that economic growth and industrialization have led to the reckless exploitation of natural resources. On the other hand, the stock of natural resources are limited.
So, the growth of all countries in the future is likely to be endangered if the limited resources are completely exhausted. Under these circumstances, the issue of sustainability has become important for development.
A number of resources are being overused. For example, groundwater is under serious threat of overuse in many parts of the country i. The water level has declined over 4 meters. As a result of it if we go on overusing there will be a water crisis in future. Similarly, if non-renewable resources are used recklessly these will also be exhausted. Page Q This statement is relevant to the discussion of development since both resources and development go hand in hand.
For the sustainability of development, the consumption and maintenance of resources is also crucial. We have to use the resources keeping our environment protected and clear so that there is a balance between the development and use of our resources. As otherwise after a certain point of time in future the development will be stagnated.
List a few examples of environmental degradation that you may have observed around you. Some of the examples of environmental degradation in the area are as follows :. Multiple Choice Questions. We can obtain per capita income of a country by calculating: [CBSE CCE ] a the total income of a person b by dividing the national income by the total population of a country c the total value of all goods and services d the total exports of the country. Kerala has low infant Mortality Rate because: [CBSE CCE ] a it has good climatic condition b it has adequate infrastructure c it has adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities d it has poor net attendance ratio.
Additional Questions 7. Identify which of the following cannot be a development goal for a landless rural labourer? Besides seeking more income, one way or the other, people also seek things like a equal treatment b freedom c security d all of them. A fair and just path for all should be achieved. Interpret the concept being discussed here. List how many tonnes of liquid toxic wastes a vessel dumped in a city called Abidjan in Ivory Coast, a country in Africa?
Countries with higher income are ����.. In , India came in the category of a Rich countries b Low-income countries c Developed countries d Medium income countries. Comparing all states, identify the state which had the highest per capita income in � Which state had the least per capita income in ? Number of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of live children born in that particular year is known as a Death rate b Survival rate c Infant mortality rate d Life death rate.
Proportion of literate population in the 7 and above age group is called as a Knowledge rate b Literacy rate c Attendance rate d Excellence Rate. Which age group of children is included for calculating Net Attendance Ratio?
In , Infant Mortality Rate in Kerala was a 49 b 11 c 60 d For calculating Body Mass Index BMI , the weight of the person is divided by the a Square of the weight b Square of the height c Square root of the height d Square of the sum of height and weight. If BMI is less than HDI Rank of India in the world out of countries in was a 93 b c d Nepal has nearly �����. What proportion of the country is overusing their groundwater reserves?
Resources which will get exhausted after years of use is called ����� a Renewable resources b Non � durable resources c Non � renewable resources d Competing resources. Development of a country can generally be determined by i its per capita income ii its average literacy level iii health status of its people iv all the above Answer: iv all the above Q2.
The average income or the per capita income is the total income of the country divided by its population. India comes in the category of low-income countries because its per capital income in was just?
Rich countries, excluding countries of Middle East and certain other small countries are generally called developed countries. A country may have more equitable distribution.
People may be neither very rich nor extremely poor. In another country with same average income, one person may be extremely rich while others may be very poor. So, the method of average income does not give correct picture of a country. This system hides disparities among people. The criterion used by World Bank: The average income, i. Human Development Index used by UNDP is better because it is a wider indicator in which besides per capital income, health and education are also included.
By averages only one aspect income, size etc. All aspects or achievements are not compared. As only one aspect is compared, it does not give true picture of different countries, persons or things.
For example, students differ in height, health, talents and interests. The healthiest student may not be the most intelligent or topper in studies. Similar is the case in respect of countries or states. A country may be ahead than the other country in one field but may lag behind in the other field. So averages do not give the correct picture.
It is correct to say that per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare states due to reasons as mentioned below : Money cannot buy all the goods and services that you need to live well.
Income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services that citizens are able to use. There cannot be a pollution-free environment in a colony of rich people unless the whole community takes preventive steps. Again a school may be opened for the children of the whole community than for one or two children of a rich person.
Kerala has a better human development ranking than Punjab. In Kerala, Infant Mortality Rate is 11 in comparison to 49 in Punjab, where the per capita income is much more than Kerala.
It is? It is because Kerala has adequate basic health and educational facilities. Similarly in some states, the Public Distribution System PDS functions well and people get ration regularly whereas in some states ration shops do not function properly.
At such places, people face a shortage of grains that affect their health. Thus it is clear that the states should not be compared on the basis of per capita income � alone.
Some of the examples of environmental degradation in the area are as follows : Air pollution has increased due to the emission of smoke from factories and vehicles. There is an increase in water pollution due to shops and small factories in residential areas. There is noise pollution due to the use of loudspeakers at night and blowing of horns unnecessarily on the roads by different vehicles. People throw garbage wherever they want. Perhaps there is no provision for dustbins in the streets or roadsides.
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