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What is its focal length? Question 3 Name a mirror that can give an erect and enlarged image of an object. Answer: Concave mirror. Question 4 Why do we prefer a convex mirror as a rear-view mirror in vehicles? Answer: We prefer a convex mirror as a rear-view mirror in vehicles because of two reasons :. Question 1 Find the focal length of a convex mirror whose radius of curvature is 32 cm. Question 2 A concave mirror produces three times magnified enlarged real image of an object placed at 10 cm in front of it.
Where is the image located? Solution: Because the image is real, so magnification m must be negative. Thus the image is located at a distance of 30 cm from the mirror on the object side of the mirror.
Question 1 A ray of light travelling in air enters obliquely into water. Does the light ray bend towards the normal or away from the normal? Answer: The light-ray bends towards the normal because the ray of light goes from a rarer medium to a denser medium. Question 2 Light enters from air to glass having refractive index 1. What is the speed of light in the glass? The speed of light in vacuum is 3 x 10 8 ms Question 3 Find out, from Table Also find the medium with lowest optical density.
Answer: From table Question 4 You are given kerosene, turpentine and water. In which of these does the light travel fastest? Use the information given in Table Question 5 The refractive index of diamond is 2.
What is Class 10th Physics Chapter 1 Ncert Solutions Map the meaning of this statement? Answer: By saying that the refractive index of diamond is 2. Question 1 Define 1 dioptre of power of a lens. Answer: One dioptre is the power of a lens whose focal length is 1 metre. Question 2 A convex lens forms a real and inverted image of a needle at a distance of 50 cm from it.
Where is the needle placed in front of the convex lens if the image is equal to the size of the object? Also, find the power of the lens. Question 3 Find the power of a concave lens of focal length 2 m. Question 1 Which one of the following materials cannot be used to make a lens? Question 2 The image formed by a concave mirror is observed to be virtual, erect and larger than the object. Where should be the position of the object? Answer: d Between the pole of the mirror and its principal focus.
Question 3 Where should an object be placed in front of a convex lens to get a real image of the size of the object? Answer: b At twice the focal length. Question 4 A spherical mirror and a thin spherical lens have each a focal length of cm. The mirror and the lens are likely to be : a Both concave. Answer: a Both concave. Question 5 No matter how far you stand from mirror, your image appears erect.
The mirror is likely to be a plane b concave c convex d either plane or convex. Answer: d Either plane or convex. Question 6 Which of the following lenses would you prefer to use while reading small letters found in a dictionary? Answer: c A convex lens of focal length 5 cm. Question 7 We wish to obtain an erect image of an object, using a concave mirror of focal length 15 cm. What should be the range of distance of the object from the mirror?
What is the nature of the image? Is the image larger or smaller than the object? Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation in this case. Answer: A concave mirror gives an erect image when the object is placed between the focus F and the pole P of the concave mirror, i. The image thus formed will be virtual, erect and larger than the object.
Question 8 Name the type of mirror used in the following situations. Support your answer with reason. Answer: a Concave mirrors are used as reflectors in headlights of cars. When a bulb is located at the focus of the concave mirror, the light rays after reflection from the mirror travel over a large distance as a parallel beam of high intensity. Question 9 One-half of a convex lens is covered with a black paper. Will this lens produce a complete image of the object?
Verify your answer experimentally. Explain your observations. Answer: A convex lens forms complete image of an object, even if its one half is covered with black paper. It can be explained by considering following two cases. Case I : When the upper half of the lens is covered In this case, a ray of light coming from the object will be refracted by the lower half of the lens. These rays meet at the other side of the lens to form the image of the given object, as shown in the following figure.
Case II: When the lower half of the lens Is covered In this case, a ray of light coming from the object is refracted by the upper half of the lens. These rays meet at the other side of the lens to form the image of the given object, as shown in the given figure.
Question 10 An object 5 cm in length is held 25 cm away from a converging lens of focal length 10 cm. Draw the ray diagram and find the position, size and the nature of the image formed. The negative value of image height indicates that the image formed is inverted. The position, size, and nature of image are shown alongside in the ray diagram. Question 11 A concave lens of focal length 15 cm forms an image 10 cm from the lens. How far is the object placed from the lens? Draw the ray diagram.
Question 12 An object is placed at a distance of 10 cm from a convex mirror of focal length 15 cm. Find the position and nature of the image. Thus, image is virtual, erect and diminished. What does this mean? Question 14 An object 5.
Find the position of the image, its nature and size. Question 15 An object of size 7. At what distance from the mirror should a screen be placed, so that a sharp focussed image can be obtained? Find the size and the nature of the image. The image is real, inverted and enlarged in size. Question 16 Find the focal length of a lens of power What type of lens is this? Find the focal length of the lens. Is the prescribed lens diverging or converging? Reflection of light by curved surfaces; Images formed by spherical mirrors, center of curvature, principal axis, principal focus, focal length, mirror formula Derivation not required , magnification.
Refraction; laws of refraction, refractive index. Refraction of light by spherical lens; Image formed by spherical lenses; Lens formula Derivation not required ; Magnification. Power of a lens;. Formulae Handbook for Class 10 Maths and Science. Question 1. Define the principal focus of a concave mirror?
Answer: Light rays that are parallel to the principal axis of a concave mirror converge at a specific point on its principal axis after reflecting from the mirror. This point is known as the principal focus of the concave mirror. Question 2.
The radius of curvature of a spherical mirror is 20 cm. Question 3. Name the mirror that can give an erect and enlarged image of an object. Answer: When an object is placed between the pole and the principal focus of a concave mirror, the image formed is virtual, erect, and enlarged. Question 4. Why do we prefer a convex mirror as a rear-view mirror in vehicles? Answer: Convex mirrors give a virtual, erect, and diminished image of the objects placed in front of them. They are preferred as a rear-view mirror in vehicles because they give a wider field of view, which allows the driver to see most of the traffic behind him.
Find the focal length of a convex mirror whose radius of curvature is 32 cm. A concave mirror produces three times magnified enlarged real image of object placed at 10 cm in front of it. A ray of light travelling in air enters obliquely into water. Answer: The light ray bends towards the normal. When a ray of light travels from an optically rarer medium to an optically denser medium, it gets bent towards the normal.
Since water is optically denser than air, a ray of light travelling from air into the water will bend towards the normal. Light enters from air to glass having refractive index 1. Answer: Refractive index of a medium nm is given by,.
Find out, from Table, the medium having highest optical density. A medium which has the highest refractive index will have the highest optical density and vice-versa. It can be observed from table Therefore, diamond has the highest optical density and air has the lowest optical density.
You are given kerosene, turpentine and water. Answer: The light can travel fast through water. Question 5. The refractive index of diamond is 2. This suggests that the speed of light in diamond will reduce by a factor 2. Define one dioptre of power of a lens? Answer: One dioptre is the power Of a lens Of focal length 1m. Power of lens is defined as the reciprocal of its focal length. It is denoted by D.
A convex lens forms a real and inverted image of a needle at a distance of 50 cm from it. Where is the needle placed in front of the lens if the image is equal to the size of the object? Calculate the rate at which heat is developed in the heater. Question 18 Explain the following: i Why is tungsten used almost exclusively for filament of electric lamps?
If the area of cross section of a conductor of fixed length is increased, then resistance decreases because there are more free electrons for movement in conductor. So, they do not become too hot on passing electric current. Electric current, potential difference and electric current, Ohms law, Resistance, Resistivity factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends; Series combination of resistors, parallel combination of resistors; and its application on daily life; Heating effect of Electric current, electric Power, Interrelation between P, V, and R.
Formulae Handbook for Class 10 Maths and Science. Page What does an electric circuit mean? Electric circuit is a continuous and closed path made of conducting wires, through which the electric current flows. It comprises a cell, ammeter, voltmeter, plug key, etc. Define the unit of current. SI unit of electric current is ampere A. Ampere is the flow of electric charges through an area at the rate of one coulomb per second, i. Question 1: Name a device that helps to maintain a potential difference across a conductor.
Answer: Cell or battery eliminator. Question 2: What is meant by saying that the potential difference between two points is 1 V? Question 3: How much energy is given to one coulomb of charge passing through a 6 V battery Answer:. Question 1: On what factors does the resistance of a conductor depend Answer: Resistance of a conductor depends upon: i Resistivity of the material. Question 2: Will current flow more easily through a thick wire or thin wire of the same material when connected to the same source?
Question 3: Let the resistance of an electrical component remains constant while the potential difference across the two ends of the component decreases to half of its former value. Answer: Hence, the current through an electrical component also becomes half of its previous value. Question 4: Why are the coils of electric toasters and electric irons made of an alloy rather than a pure metal Answer: The coils of electric toaster and electric iron are made of an alloy rather than a pure metal because of the following reasons; i The resistivity of an alloy is higher than that of a pure metal.
Question 5: Use the data in Table Question 2: Redraw the circuit of the above question, putting in an ammeter to measure the current through the resistors and a voltmeter to measure the voltage across the 12 resistor. What would be the reading in the ammeter and the voltmeter? Question 1: Judge the equivalent resistance when the following are connected in parallel. What is the resistance of an electric iron connected to the same source Ncert Solutions Class 10th Physics Chapter 12 Pdf that takes as much current as all three appliances and what is the current flows through it?
Question 3: What are the advantages of connecting electrical devices in parallel with the battery instead of connecting them in series? Answer: Advantages of connecting electrical devices in parallel:. Answer: a The highest resistance is secured by combining all four coils of resistance in series. Question 1: Why does the cord of an electric heater not glow while the heating element does? Answer: The cord of an electric heater is made up of metallic wire such as copper or aluminum which has low resistance while the heating element is made up of an alloy which has more resistance than its constituent metals.
Question 2: Compute the heat generated while transferring C of charge in one hour through a potential difference of 50 V. Question 3: An electric iron of resistance 20 Q takes a current of 5 A. Question 1: What determines the rate at which energy is delivered by a current? Answer: Electric power determines the rate at which energy is delivered by a current. Question 2: An electric motor takes 5 A from a V line. Question 1: A piece of wire of resistance R is cut into five equal parts.
Question 2: Which of the following terms does not represent electrical power in a circuit? Question 3: An electric bulb is rated V and W.
Question 4: Two conducting wires of same material and of equal lengths and diameters are first connected in series and then parallel in a circuit across the same potential difference. The ratio of heat produced in series and parallel combinations would be a b c d Answer:.
Question 5: How is a voltmeter connected in the circuit to measure the potential difference between two points? Question 6: A copper wire has a diameter 0. Question 7: The values of the current I flowing in a given resistor for the corresponding values of potential difference V across the resistor are given below: Plot a graph between V and I and calculate the resistance of that resistor.
Question 8: When a 12 V battery is connected across an unknown resistor, there is a current of 2. Question 9: A battery of 9 V is connected in series with resistors of 0. Answer: Since all the resistors are in series, the same current, 0. Question Several electric bulbs designed to be used on a V electric supply line, are rated 10 W. Question A hot plate of an electric oven connected to V line has two resistance coils A and B, each of 24 Q resistance, which may be used separately, in series, or in parallel.
Question Two lamps, one rated W at V, and the other 60 W at V, are connected in parallel to electric mains supply. Question An electric heater of resistance 8 f2 draws 15 A from the service mains 2 hours. Question Explain the following.
Answer: a It has high melting point and emits light at a high temperature. Each of them dissipates energy and can withstand a maximum power of 18 W without melting. Find the maximum current that can flow through the three resistors. Question 2: Should the resistance of an ammeter be low or high? Give reason. Answer: The resistance of an ammeter should be low so that it will not disturb the magnitude of current flowing through the circuit when connected in series in a circuit.
Question 3: How does use of a fuse wire protect electrical appliances? Answer: The fuse wire is always connected in series with the live wire or electrical devices. If the flow of current exceeds the specified preset value due to some reason, the heat produced melts it and disconnects the circuit or the device from the mains. In this way, fuse wire protects the electrical appliances.
Question 4: What is electrical resistivity? In a series electrical circuit comprising a resistor made up of a metallic wire, the ammeter reads 5 A. The reading of the ammeter decreases to half when the length of the wire is doubled.
Answer: The resistance offered by a metallic wire of unit length and unit cross-sectional area is called electrical resistivity. Hence, when the length of wire is doubled, the resistance becomes double and current decreases to half. Calculate the resistance of the electric lamp. Question 6: Why is parallel arrangement used in domestic wiring? Answer: Parallel arrangement is used in domestic wiring because i Each appliance gets the same voltage as that of the mains supply.
Question 7: B 1, B 2 and B 3 are three identical bulbs connected as shown in figure. When all the three bulbs glow, a current of 3A is recorded by the ammeter A. Answer: i Since B 1 ,B 2 and B 3 are in parallel, the potential difference across each of them will remain same.
So when the bulb B 1 gets fused, B 2 and B 3 have the same potential and continues with the same energy dissipated per second, i. Question 1: Three incandescent bulbs of W each are connected in series in an electric circuit. In another circuit, another set of three bulbs of the same wattage are connected in parallel to the same source.
Justify your answer. Will the rest of the bulbs continue to glow in each circuit? Answer: a The bulbs in the two circuits will not glow equally bright as the current through them is not the same.
While the rest of bulbs in parallel circuit will continue to glow without getting disturbed because in parallel combination, current gets additional paths to Ncert Solutions Class 10th Physics Chapter Light Year flow. Question 2: Find out the following in the electric circuit given in figure: Answer: e No difference, since the ammeters are connected in series and same current will pass through them, so reading of both ammeters will be same. Question 1. To determine the equivalent resistance of two resistors when connected in series, a student arranged the circuit components as shown in the diagram.
But he did not succeed to achieve the objective. Question 2. For the given circuit, name the components which are connected in parallel.
Because terminals of the resistance and voltmeter are connected together. Question 3. A student arranges the following circuit to get equivalent resistance of a series combination of two resistors R 1 and R 2. Which one of the following statements will be true for this circuit [CCE ] a It gives incorrect reading for current I as well as potential difference V b It gives correct reading for current I but incorrect reading for potential difference V c It gives correct reading for potential difference V but incorrect reading for current I d It gives correct reading for both I and V Answer: b The voltmeter should be connected across the components of and R 2 to give correct reading for potential difference.
Question 4. An ammeter has 20 divisions between 0 mark and 2A mark on its scale. The least count of ammeter is a 0. Question 5. A student finds that there are 20 divisions between zero mark and 1V mark of a voltmeter. The least count of voltmeter is a 0. Question 6. The current flowing through a resistor connected in an electric circuit and the potential difference applied across its ends are shown in figure alongside.
Question 7. Question 8. In an experiment on studying the dependence of the current I flowing through a given resistor on the potential difference V applied across it, a student has to change the value of the current. For doing this, he should change the a number of cells used b resistor itself c ammeter used in the circuit d Voltmeter used in the circuit Answer: a If we change the number of cells in electric circuit, the potential difference will change and as a result current flowing in the circuit changes.
Question 9. A milliammeter had graduations marked 0, , , , and The space between 0 mark and mark is divided into 20 divisions. Question To determine the eguivalent resistance of two resistors connected in series, a student prepared two electric circuits, correct reading of ammeter in the circuits is [CCE ] a In circuit I, 1. When parallel resistors are of three different values, the potential difference across its terminals is [CCE ] a greatest across smallest resistance b greatest across largest resistance c equal across each resistance d least across the smallest resistance Answer: c Potential difference across each resistor is same in parallel combination of resistors.
Charge Something associated with the matter due to which it produces and experiences electric and magnetic effects. Resides on the outer surface of the conductor. Types of Current Direct Current Current whose magnitude and direction does not vary with time. Alternating Current Current whose magnitude and direction periodically changes with time.
Resistance R : Obstruction offered to flow of electrons. After stretching, if length increases by n times then resistance will increase by n 2 times i.
Electric Circuit The arrangement of various electrical components along which electric current flow. Heating Effect of Electric Current As current flows through a conductor, the free electrons lose energy which is converted into heat. Elements of Circuit Cell Direct current source of electromotive force.
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