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Class 10 Science chapter 1: NCERT Exemplar Solution (Part-I) May 12, �� Prepare Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations from NCERT Textbook and then practice the questions given in the end of the chapter. At this stage MCQs are important for the revision of concepts and missing terms related to the chapters. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations. In Text Questions. 1. Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning in air? Solution. A magnesium ribbon should be cleaned before burning in air to remove the layer of magnesium oxide formed due to reaction of magnesium with oxygen present in the air. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science involves concepts from biology, physics, and chemistry. Candidates must possess a detailed knowledge of the NCERT Solutions based on the syllabus to get the good results in the board exams. NCERT Science syllabus for Class 10 is designed to provide a strong foundation for various exams such as JEE, NEET, etc.
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The refrigerator has a low temperature inside it. When the food is kept in a refrigerator, the oxidation of fat and oil in it is slowed down due to low temperature. So, the development of rancidity due to oxidation is retarded. Question 20 Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning in air?

Solution: To remove the oxide layer and facilitates rapid burning. Question 21 Write the balanced equation for the following chemical reactions. Question 22 Write a balanced chemical equation and state symbols for the following reactions.

Solutions of barium chloride and sodium sulphate in water react to give insoluble barium sulphate and the solution of sodium chloride b. Sodium hydroxide solution in water reacts with hydrochloric acid solution in water to produce sodium chloride solution and water. Question 24 Why does the colour of copper sulphate solution change when an iron nail is dipped into it? Solution: In this reaction, iron displaces copper from copper sulphate solution.

The deep blue colour of copper sulphate solution fades due to the formation of light green solution of iron sulphate. A red-brown coating of copper metal is formed on the surface of the iron metal.

This displacement reaction occurs because iron is more reactive than copper. Question 25 Identify the substances that are oxidised and the substances that are reduced in the following reactions. The addition of oxygen is Called oxidation.

So the substance that is oxidized is sodium Na. In this reaction, copper oxide CuO gives the oxygen required for the oxidation of hydrogen; therefore, copper oxide is the oxidizing agent.

Hydrogen is responsible for removing oxygen from copper oxide; therefore, hydrogen is the reducing agent here. Question 1. When crystals of lead nitrate are heated strongly in a dry test tube a crystals immediately melt b a brown residue is left c white fumes appear in the test tube d a yellow residue is left Answer: b Pungent smelling, brown fumes are evolved due to NO 2 gas and brown coloured residue of lead oxide PbO is left.

Question 2. A dilute ferrous sulphate solution was gradually added to the beaker containing acidified permanganate solution. The light purple colour of the solution fades and finally disappears. Which of the following is the correct explanation for the observation? In acidic medium, KMnO 4 oxidises ferrous sulphate to ferric sulphate. Question 3. Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to granulated zinc taken in a test tube.

The following observations are recorded. Point out the correct observation. HCl to form zinc chloride and bubbles of colourless and odourless hydrogen gas is evolved.

Question 4. When a magnesium ribbon is burnt in air, the ash formed is a black b white c yellow d pink Answer: b When a Mg ribbon is burnt in air, the ash formed is of magnesium oxide which is white in colour.

Question 5. Three beakers labelled as A, B and C each containing 25 mL of water were taken. A small amount of NaOH, anhyd. It was observed that there was an increase in the temperature of the solutions contained in beakers A and B whereas, in case of beaker C, the temperature of the solution falls.

In beakers A and B, exothermic process has occurred. In beakers A and B, endothermic process has occurred. In beaker C, the exothermic process has occurred. In beaker C, endothermic process has occurred.

Question 6. Which of the following will be required to identify the gas evolved when dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc metal? HCl, zinc metal forms zinc chloride and hydrogen gas is evolved. Presence of hydrogen gas can be checked by a burning splinter because H 4 gas burnt in a splinter with a pop sound.

Question 7. And the colour of the solution fades away. This is an example of displacement reaction. Question 8. What happens when ferrous sulphate crystals are heated? Question 9. The colour of the precipitate formed when barium chloride solution is mixed with sodium sulphate solution is [CCE ] a blue b black c white d green Answer: c This is an example of a double displacement reaction and a white precipitate of barium sulphate is formed.

Question How the colour changes when the gases after thermal decomposition of ferrous sulphate come in contact with an acidified solution of potassium dichromate? Answer: c The color changes from orange to green due to the formation of iron III sulphate. The representation of chemical reaction by means of symbols of substances in the form of formulae is called chemical equation.

Balanced Chemical Equation. A balanced chemical equation has equal number of atom of each element participating in the reaction on both left and right hand sides of the reaction. According to Law of Conservation of Mass, total mass of the elements present in the products of a chemical reaction has to be equal to the total mass of the element present in the reactants.

Rusting When iron reacts with oxygen and moisture it forms a red substance called rust. Corrosion Metals on coming in contact with oxygen, water, acids or gases presents in air changes its surface.

This is called corrosion for e. Prevention � painting, galvanization, oiling, greasing. Rancidity Oil and fats on exposure to air show a change in taste and smell. This property is known as rancidity. Prevention � adding antioxidants, Vacuum packing, refrigeration, flushing food with nitrogen. The transformation of chemical substance into a new chemical substance by making and breaking of bonds between different atom is known a chemical reaction.

Combination Reaction When two elements or one compound and one element or two compounds combine to form a new product. Exothermic Reactions Reactions producing energy are called exothermic reactions.

Most of the combination reactions are exothermic in nature. Oxidation Gain of oxygen or removal of hydrogen is called oxidation eg. Reduction Gain of hydrogen or removal of oxygen is called reduction. Redox Reactions A chemical reaction in which both oxidation and reduction takes place simultaneously are called redox reactions.

Decomposition Reaction When a compound-split into two or more simple products for example Decomposition reaction require energy either in the form of heat, light or electricity for decomposing the reactions. Endothermic Reactions Reactions which require energy to occur are known as endothermic reactions. Displacement Reactions It takes place when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal. Some important topics explained in this chapter are:.

Acids, Bases and Salts chapter mainly explains the difference between acids, bases and salts. It also deals with various types of reactions related to these three forms of chemical compounds. Some important topics involved in this chapter are:. Important topics covered in this chapter are:.

Carbon and its Compounds chapter describes various features of carbon element and different compounds formed by it. Give below are the main topics covered in class 10 Science Chapter Here students get to learn the carious concepts related to the classification of elements. Some major concepts discussed in this chapter are:. Life Processes chapter deals with the various biological processes and reaction taking place in organisms. Some major topics covered in this chapter are:.

Control and Coordination chapter gives details of different ways in which organisms respond to the stimuli. Here you also get to know about the human nervous system, automatics and voluntary actions, exocrine and endocrine glands, etc. How do Organisms Reproduce chapter students get to learn different methods of reproduction in plants and animals and get aware of the various methods of birth control in humans. This equation is called the word equation. The word equation can be changed into a chemical equation by writing the formulae and the symbols of the substance instead of their names.

Methane Oxygen Carbon dioxide Water. A chemical equation shows a change of reactants to final products through an arrow symbol that is placed between them.

The arrowhead pointing towards the products showing the direction of the reaction. Reactants to yield Products. In the above reaction, the number of Ammonium Hydroxide and Hydrogen Chloride is reacting to form the products Ammonium Chloride and Water. If you observe, in the above equation the number of atoms in the reactants and the Ncert Solutions For Class 10th Science Chapter 6 Institution products are not the same on both sides.

This kind of unbalanced equation is called a skeletal chemical equation. When the total number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the equation then the equation is known as a balanced chemical equation.

The balancing of a chemical equation is based on the law of conservation of mass. The method of hit and trial can be used for balancing a chemical equation. In this method, we keep making trials to balance the equation by using the smallest whole number of coefficients.

The number of atoms of each element never changes, before and after a chemical reaction in this method. There are many steps involved in balancing a chemical equation. The first step is to write an unbalanced equation and enclose the formulae in brackets.

Sodium Water Sodium Hydroxide Hydrogen. The second step is to make a list of the number of atoms of different elements as present in an unbalanced equation. Next step is to balance the first element. From the above table, it is known that atoms in Hydrogen are not balanced. So, first we need to balance it. Atoms of H. In Reactants. In Products. To balance. Then balance the second element. We examine the obtained equation and select the next unbalanced element. In the above chemical equation, Na is still not balanced.

To balance the number of atoms in Na,. Atoms of Na. Thus, after the balancing the Na, we get the final chemical equation:.

Further, we have to balance the other elements. If we further examine the reaction, no element is found to be unbalanced. This method that we used is called the hit and trial method. Finally, we need to check the accuracy of the equation. To check where the equation is correct, we further tabulate the number of atoms of each element separately.

Number of atoms in Reactants LHS. Number of atoms in Products RHS. The above table clearly reveals that the obtained equation is a balanced equation. Step 1: Enclose all the symbols or formulae in brackets. Step 2: Count the number of atoms in each element on both the sides of the equation. Step 3: From the above table, it is known that hydrogen has the maximum number of atoms.

So to balance hydrogen atoms, multiply H 2 O by 3. Step 4: Count further the number of atoms in each element on both sides. Now, to balance the atoms in carbon, multiply CO 2 molecules by 2. There are 7 O-atoms on RHS. To make 7 O-atoms at LHS, we have to write 7 2 before O 2 but we can use only whole number to balance the equation, so we write 7 2 before O 2 and multiply the whole equation by 2.

Thus, after removing the brackets we get the final and correct chemical equation.

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