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To ensure trust in a system, there should be a single source of truth SSOT for each piece of information. It should also be the SSOT for the full ownership history of each item from first mile to end consumer i.
Today, only paper records and tags accompany the sale and purchase of items such as skipjack tuna. By digitising the supply chain at the first mile , these items will be sold along with a digital record. The record will be held on the blockchain, accessible to anyone with the unique identifier attached to the item as a QR Code , RFID tag or using any other hardware technology. When raw materials are processed and turned into new products, the corresponding assets on the blockchain need to be updated or transformed accordingly.
For example, a whole fish whose catch was registered to the blockchain initially will leave the factory in multiple cans, which will each need their subsequent sale tracked separately. We will implement the concept of process as a contract on the blockchain to handle this. To counteract malicious processing, open-source conditions will be defined, publicly enforced by the contract. Tally-O uses mass balancing to account for the amounts of ingredients used in the transformation.
For example, the calculation for a can of Fair Trade skipjack tuna might be g of certified skipjack tuna and 10ml of olive oil. The details of this calculation will be sent to the process contract once the transformation has taken place, and the identifier then encoded in a label that will be passed with the transformed product down the chain.
Just as inputs were transferred on the blockchain when physically arriving at the factory, outputs are transferred to the next actor in the chain when leaving the facility. Tally-O is connected to scanners that enable shipping management. Scanning labels containing a reference to the digital asset issued at the transformation step triggers the transfer of that asset to the next actor in the chain.
In short, the blockchain provides an audit layer sitting on top of an existing ERP or other data management system - like Tally-O. This allows data to be shared and mass balancing of certified product to be conducted between two separate factories. Even more, it allows that data to be joined with data collected from the first mile in a trustworthy way - providing a true end-to-end record without the need to change existing interfaces to data capture.
T he final part of this pilot explored how the information from origin and the supply chain can be reached and trusted by shoppers towards the end of the chain.
To effectively integrate Provenance into physical retail environments, we conducted a workshop and in-store prototyping session with local Brighton supermarket Hisbe Food CIC.
The workshop provided significant insights on consumer behavior, influencing ideas for how Provenance technology could best manifest in a supermarket scenario.
The resulting strategy: to replace the clutter of traditional printed communication with Provenance online stories and journeys, accessible via in-store tablets and NFC-enabled smart stickers. On the tablets, shoppers can view stories for each product range, seeing the producers and suppliers involved in farming or processing. Through smart stickers and packaging, shoppers can hover their smartphones over a product to track its provenance right on their screens.
This system empowers a new era of more conscientious, trusting consumers willing to pay more for products with proven origins. The ease of plugging Provenance into retail environments offers numerous possibilities for marketing transparency and traceability.
Here, we illustrate a few basic applications to point-of-sale and packaging, as well as executions in a restaurant scenario. Provenance aims to define open traceability standards for the material world. We do not seek to be yet another solution added to the list of data silos.
Instead, we strive to build a system from the grassroots that can use existing interfaces and apps wherever possible - simply providing the first layer of shared truth for the material world. Most well-known blockchains like Bitcoin and Ethereum are public. This means that anyone can join the network without any restriction to read, write or take part in the consensus.
Consortium blockchains then emerged to take advantage of the distributed consensus when it comes to maintaining a shared, consistent source of truth within a business process, company or industry at low maintenance cost.
They give a controlled number of validators the responsibility to reach a consensus. We know that building on a consortium blockchain would be an easier path: they are currently more scalable, cheaper to operate and provide better privacy options. But we believe that the incremental complexity of using public chains is worth the effort:. This task is obviously bigger than us, and one that will have the most impact if it is developed as an open source project.
We will welcome industry experts to take part in building the standard and extend our current protocol. However, it is easy to copy these tags at any stage of the supply chain, which would undermine the validity of the physical product associated to the blockchain, without indicating it in the digital register.
P rovenance envisions a future where any material, ingredient or product can have an identity, life, and history on the internet in a shared, interoperable format. This project highlighted the grave need for a common backend to support the growth of a new digital ecosystem for traceability - uniting the myriad of initiatives with a shared language and public infrastructure.
We came across several great projects in the data-collection space including vessel tracking, vessel registration, self-reporting of catch and effort, independent port sampling programs, Fair Trade data capture, fish tagging, internal traceability systems and apps for fishermen and suppliers all happening in the areas we researched in Indonesia.
Needless to say data capture was rife both by software and hardware. Sharing data securely between different parties is a clear barrier for achieving the level of trusted traceability needed to prove slavery-free fish. Currently, the main solution being posed is for one of the traceability providers to gain huge monopoly - this is neither secure, just or sustainable. The atrocities in the fishing supply chain mainly occur at catch, before the final destination of the fish is known.
This means an incentive structure and data system would have to be shared by a number of companies to cover the data capture needed - but this must be a system that supports each fisherman as much as it helps the brands that add their names to the packaging. However, it does provide an ideal base layer upon which architectures for robust traceability systems can be built and participated in without ownership by the biggest or richest actor.
It could also open up a powerful driver within this system - access to a premium payment for a fish that is of known origin and proven to be compliant with standards.
That premium may manifest itself through access to markets , however the sooner we demand and require proven compliance of standards and traceability back to the source for the food we eat, the sooner we can fuel an engine for change.
If you have any questions, comments, would like more information or a demo of Provenance technology, please submit our contact form. This report is also available in PDF format on request.
Find related content on our Provenance News site, as well as up-and-coming webinars, resources and updates via our newsletter. An information system that is shared between many computers and in which new information cannot be removed or changed after it has been written. In real life, it allows any set of parties to agree on some information and be certain that it will still be in the system in the future.
They don't need to trust one another, nor do they need to trust a third party. Blockchains do not belong to anyone, however they can be trusted.
A blockchain on which consensus is found between a closed, predefined set of validators. Users trust this set of validators to reach consensus only on valid data. The ability to corroborate product or company-level information along the supply chain with data provided by trusted third parties and other stakeholders.
Any later stage of the production process involving processing, packaging and the sale of the finished product to the end consumer. In this pilot, downstream is the direction of the supply chain away from the fishermen and towards the end consumer. Business management software that is used internally to gather and observe information relating to business processes i. This is an international not-for-profit organisation , which assists anyone involved in making, moving and trading goods to standardise and automate their supply chains.
When different information technology systems or software programs can communicate seamlessly, to exchange and use data. A set of communication protocols enabling two electronic devices to establish communication by bringing them within at least 4 cm of each other. A blockchain anyone can join as a paid validator at any time. Users trust the protocol itself assuming that unrelated people cannot collude and reach consensus on invalid data.
This technology uses small tags that store and transmit electronic product codes EPCs. The practice of having a piece of data stored in exactly one place - any usage of that piece of data refers to this single source instead of storing it somewhere else as a duplicate.
Katsuwonus or Euthynnus pelamis, family Scombridae. A small tuna with dark horizontal stripes, widely distributed throughout tropical and temperate seas. Also called bonito or oceanic bonito. The ability to know relevant information about the companies supplying products i. Supply chain visibility focuses on the company or facility level, not on the product. The ability to accurately identify and trace the history, distribution, location and application of products, parts and materials, to ensure the reliability of claims in the areas of human rights, the environment, and labour including health and safety.
Any stage of the production process occurring before another supply chain process. In this pilot, upstream is the direction of the process towards the fishermen and away from the end consumer. Thunnus albacares, family Scombridae. A widely distributed, commercially important tuna that has yellow anal and dorsal fins. Phillips, R. Young, C. Hwang, S. McDonald and C. Welcome to Provenance! To make interactions with our website easy and meaningful, we use Cookies.
By continuing to use this site, you consent to this policy. From shore to plate: Tracking tuna on the blockchain Provenance pilot blockchain technology for tracing yellowfin and skipjack tuna fish in Indonesia from catch to consumer. Read the report. Overview T he goal of this report is to summarise the work and results of the 6-month long pilot conducted by Provenance.
Conclusions and next steps. Introduction: Blockchains for supply chain transparency T he global system of trade and commerce that sits behind our purchases is rarely something we think about, yet it spans the earth and impacts the wellbeing of people and environments. Provenance focused deployment in two main supply chains:. A broken system: When your fish supper supports slavery H uman rights abuses, overfishing, fraud, illegal, unreported, and unregulated IUU fish: a number of practices in the seafood industry are compromising the wellbeing of environments , wildlife and people all over the world.
Pole and line fishing in Asilulu, Maluku. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Sustainable and socially responsible seafood is impossible to achieve without establishing strong traceability mechanisms. Greenpeace A centralized system, with a governing third party was, until recently, the only conceivable way to achieve data and transaction transparency. Blockchains present a global, inclusive solution for traceability W hat if we could share the same truth between all stakeholders - fishermen, factories, certifiers and consumers, without giving any of them a backdoor to the system?
It makes it possible to avoid double-spending of certificates and claims, which is otherwise impossible without a trusted third party It acts as the base layer of truth that everyone throughout the chain can refer to in a trusted way It allows the definition of unbreakable rules called smart contracts that will be enforced by the protocol itself This project tested our beta chain-of-custody application to estimate and optimize its impact for slavery-free, sustainable practices in the fishing industry.
Pilot phase 1: Registration and data collection from the "first mile". Skipjack tuna fisherman on the Teluk Mas Pole and Line wooden boat. Key steps for yellowfin tuna:. Interoperability Standards allow unconnected systems to communicate using the same language, structures and identifiers. Integration details 1. Registering new or transformed items. Accepting transformed items Just as inputs were transferred on the blockchain when physically arriving at the factory, outputs are transferred to the next actor in the chain when leaving the facility.
Records stored in the blockchain are made accessible to consumers where products are sold or served. Key choices and challenges for Provenance: Towards an open registry for material products, their attributes and ownership Provenance aims to define open traceability standards for the material world.
Public vs. But we believe that the incremental complexity of using public chains is worth the effort: Equality: Since anyone can take part, this makes sure we can take consumer input and onboard new stakeholders without changing consensus mechanisms. Consensus: Trust in consortium chains rest on an assumption that the small number of validators involved can not collude.
They could still however decide to censor certain information if they share some common interest in doing so. Public chains make that impossible, and so censorship can only happen outside of the chain, leaving the core data untouched. Network effect: We see blockchain as an empowering technology and want to use it in an open way, taking advantage of other projects such as identity frameworks.
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