Electric Current: The flow of electric charge is known as Electric Current, Electric current is carried by moving electrons through a conductor.
By convention, electric current flows in the opposite direction to the movement of electrons. Electric Circuit: Electric circuit is a continuous and electricity class 10th ncert notes zoom path of electric current. Electric current is expressed by the rate of Electricity Class 10th Ncert Notes Go flow of electric charges. Rate of flow means, the amount of charge flowing through a particular area in unit time.
If a net electric charge Q flows through a cross-section of a conductor in time t, then, Where I is electric current, Q is a net charge and t is a time in second.
Electricity class 10th ncert notes zoom of Electric Charge and Current: S. Ampere is the flow of electric charge through a surface at the rate of one coulomb per second.
This means, if 1 coulomb of electric charge flows through a cross section for 1 second, it would be equal to 1 ampere. Small Quantity of Electric Current: Small quantity of electric current is expressed in milliampere and microampere. Milliampere is written as mA and microampere as pA. Charge: Like mass, the charge is the fundamental property of matter.
There are two types of charge i Positive charge. Positive and Negative Charge: The charge acquired by a glass rod when rubbed with silk is called a positive charge and the charge acquired by an ebonite rod when rubbed with wool is called negative charge. Properties of Electric Charge: i Unlike charges attract each other and like charges repel each.
Electric Potential and Potential Difference Electric Potential: The amount of electric potential energy at a point is called electric potential.
Potential Difference: The difference in the amount of electric potential energy between two points in an electric circuit is called electric potential difference. Electric potential difference is known as voltage, which is equal to the amount of work done to move the unit charge between two points against static electric field.
Since joule is the unit of work and Coulomb is the unit of charge, 1 volt of electric potential difference is equal to the 1 joule of work to be done to move a charge of 1 coulomb from one point to another in an electric circuit. Voltmeter: An apparatus to measure electricity class 10th ncert notes zoom potential difference or electric potential difference between two points in an electric circuit.
This means potential difference V varies as electric current. Resistance: Resistance is the property of conductor which resists the flow ozom electric current through it. This means electric current will decrease with an increase in electricity class 10th ncert notes zoom and vice 10tg.
Electricity class 10th ncert notes zoom graph of V potential difference versus I electric current is always a straight line. Resistance: Resistance is a property of conductor due to which it resists the flow of electric current through it. A component that is used to resist the flow of electric current in a circuit is called a resistor.
In practical application, resistors are used to increase or decrease the electric current. Variable Resistance: The component of an electric circuit which is used to regulate the current, without changing the voltage from the source, is called variable resistance.
Rheostat: This is a device which is used in a circuit to provide variable resistance. Cause of Resistance in a Conductor: Flow of electrons in a electtricity is electric current.
The positive particles of conductor create hindrance to flow of electrons, because of attraction between them, this hindrance is the cause of resistance in the flow of electricity. Factors on Which Resistance of a Conductor Depends: Resistance in a conductor depends on nature, length and area of cross section of the conductor. Silver is the best conductor of electricity. While some other materials create more hindrance in the flow of electric current, i.
Such materials are called bad conductors. Bad conductor are also known as insulators. Hard plastic is the one of the best insulators of electricity.
This means, resistance increases with increase in length of the conductor. This is the cause that long electric wires create more resistance to the electric current. This means R will decrease with an increase in the area of conductor and vice versa.
More area of conductor facilitates the flow of electric current through more area and thus, decreases the resistance. This is the cause that thick copper wire creates less resistance to the electric current.
It is called the electrical resistivity of the material of conductor. The S. Resistivity: It is defined as the resistance offered by a cube of a material of side 1m when current flows perpendicular to its opposite faces. Resistivity depends on the nature of the material of the conductor. Silver has resistivity equal to 1.
Rubber and glass are very good insulators. The resistivity of materials varies with temperature. Combination of resistors Series and Parallel combinationthe heating effect of electric current and electric power.
Combination of Resistors i Series combination ii Parallel combination. Resistors in Series: When resistors are joined nvert end to end, it is called in series.
In this case, the total resistance of the system is equal to the sum of the resistance of all the resistors in the. Electricity class 10th ncert notes zoom, three resistors R 1R 2and R 3 get connected in series.
Resistors in Parallel: When resistors are joined in 10tth, the reciprocal of the total resistance of the system is equal to the leectricity of reciprocal of the resistance of resistors.
Let three resistors R 1R 2 and R 3 connected in parallel. The total current through the circuit can be calculated by adding the electric current through individual electricity class 10th ncert notes zoom. Heating Effect of Electric Current: When electric current is supplied to a purely resistive conductor, the energy of electric current is dissipated entirely in the form of heat and as a result, resistor gets heated.
The heating of resistor because of dissipation of electrical energy is commonly known as Heating Effect of Electric Current. Some examples are as follows : When aoom energy is supplied to an electric bulb, the filament gets heated because of which, it gives light. The heating of electric bulb happens because of heating effect electricity class 10th ncert notes zoom electric current. Cause of Heating Effect of Electric Current: Electric current generates heat to overcome the resistance offered by the conductor through which it passes.
Higher the resistance, the electric current will generate higher amount of heat. Thus, generation of heat by electric current while passing through a conductor is an inevitable consequence. This heating effect is used in e,ectricity appliances, such as electric iron, electric heater, electric geyser. Electric Bulb: In an electric bulb, the filament of bulb gives light because of the heating effect of electricity. Electric Fuse: Electric cpass is used to protect the electric appliances from high voltage if any.
Electric fuse is made of metal or alloy of metals, such as aluminum, copper, iron, lead. In the case of flow of higher voltage than specified, fuse wire melts and protect the electric appliances. Suppose, if an electric heater consumes W at V. Electric Power S. Unit of electric energy is kilowatt-hour kWh. Conductor: The material which can allow the flow of electrons through itself is called the conductor.
It has a large number of free electrons. It offers low opposition in the flow of current. Insulator: The material which does not allow the flow of electrons through itself is called insulator. It has less or no free electrons. It offers high opposition in the flow of current. Electric Current: The amount of flow charge through any cross-sectional area of electricity class 10th ncert notes zoom conductor in unity time is called Electric Current.
Electric Current is a scalar quantity. It is measured by an ammeter. Direction: Ncfrt direction of conventional current or practical current is electricity class 10th ncert notes zoom to the flow of electrons. Electric potential: Electric Potential at any point in the electric field is defined as the amount of work done to bring the unit positive charge from infinity from outside clasx electric field to that point. It is a scalar quantity.
The -ve charge flows from electricity class 10th ncert notes zoom to a higher potential. The difference of electric potential between any two points in the electric field is called Electric Potential difference. It is known electricitg a voltage which is equal to the work done per unit charge between two points against the static electric field.
The heat generated by electric current: The potential difference between two points in ncdrt electrical field is equal to the work done in moving a unit charge from one point to.
Resistance: Ratio of the applied voltage to the current flowing in the conductor is called resistance of the conductor. Resistance is the opposition offered by the conductor in the flow of current.
Electric Energy is amount of work done to maintain the continuous flow of electric current in the circuit. Its S. Electric power P : The electric work done per unit time is called electric power. When ncwrt joule of energy is used for one second, electric power is equal to one watt. Galvanometer: It is a device to cnert current in an electric circuit. Unit is Qm Combination of resistance: In this combination the current across every component is same but potential across every electricity class 10th ncert notes zoom is notse.
But potential across every component is the. RD Sharma Class 12 Solutions. Watch Youtube Videos.
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