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Peasants also had to render all kinds of services to the noblemen. This system was highly exploitative. What the artist wants to say is that the peasants easily came into the trap of the noblemen and were made to fulfil all their requirements by hook or by crook. Like the spider the nobles too fed on the peasants. Question 2. Fill in the blanks boxes in figure given below with appropriate terms from among the following: Answer:. Question 3. Representatives of the Third Estate take the oath raising their arms in the direction of Bailly, the President of the Assembly, standing on a table in the centre.
Do you think that during the actual event Bailly would have stood with his back to the assembled deputies? Answer: Preparatory sketch for a large painting by Jacques-Louis David. The painting was intended to be hung in the National Assembly. What David, the artist intend to show is that the constitution of that came into existence two years after the French Revolution, had turned its back on the hopes and aspirations of the peasants, labourers and women, instead of meeting them and listening to their problems.
Despite the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, not all citizens had the right to vote. Only the rich and the propertied class enjoyed the voting right. The remaining men and women were classed as passive citizens. Question 4. B pages broken chain, red cap, fasces, Charter on the Declaration of Rights. The pyramid stands for equality, often represented by a triangle. Use the symbols to interpret the painting.
Describe your impressions of the female figure of liberty. Nanine Vallain, Liberty. This is one of the rare paintings by a woman artist. The revolutionary events made it possible for women to train with established painters and to exhibit their works in the Salon, which was an exhibition held every two years.
The painting is a female allegory of liberty -that is, the female form symbolises the idea of freedom. The scroll in the right hand of the woman stands for the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. In the left hand she is holding aloft the red cap symbolising the torch of freedom.
The pyramid in the background symbolises equality as all the three sides of a pyramid are equal. The female figure of liberty symbolises the equality of man and woman.
Question 5. Describe the persons represented in figure given below � their actions, their postures, the objects they are carrying. Look carefully to see whether all of them come from the same social group. What symbols has the artist included in the image?
What do they stand for? Do the actions of the women reflect traditional ideas of how women were expected to behave in public? Discuss your views in the class. This print is one of the many pictorial representations of the events of 5 October , when women marched to Versailles and brought the king back with them to Paris. The persons represented here are the Parisian women who are on their way to Versailles.
Being fed up with the king and the existing system these women are seen ready to do anything for the betterment of their condition. All these women are carrying agricultural implements to use them in the storming of Bastille. Yes, all of them come from the same social group�the peasantry class. One of the woman is carrying aloft the symbol of justice. The woman on the horse symbolises power and strength. The drum symbolises that they are proclaiming their march to all concerned. The actions of the women do not reflect the traditional ideas of how women were expected to behave in public.
These women are not afraid of anyone. They are determined to force the king to pay attention to their condition. Question 6. Answer: The manifesto drafted by Olympe de Gouges gives emphasis on the equality of women. She says that women like men are born free and must remain equal to men in rights. Students can use the provided PDFs in both online as well as on offline mode and undertake their examination with confidence. This subject contains eight chapters per the latest syllabus.
Chapter 1 - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe. Chapter 3 - Nationalism in India. Chapter 4 - The Making of a Global World. Chapter 5 - The Age of Industrialisation. Chapter 6 - Work, Life and Leisure. Chapter 7 � Print Culture and the Modern World.
Chapter 8 � Novels, Society and History. Explain what is meant by proto-industrialisation. Answer: We often associate industrialisation with the growth of factories. But it is a fact that even before factories began to appear in England and Europe, there was large-scale industrial production for an international market.
This was not based on factories. This phase of industrialisation is now referred to as proto-industrialisation, i. During this period, hand made goods were manufactured by trained crafts persons. Why did some industrialists in nineteenth-century Europe prefer hand labour over machines?
Answer: Some industrialists in nineteenth-century Europe preferred hand labour over machines because of the following reasons: i There was no dearth of human labour during this period. Poor peasants and migrants moved to cities in large numbers in search of jobs.
They were ready to work at low wages. So industrialists did not want to introduce machines. Since, in these industries production fluctuated with the season, so industrialists usually preferred hand labour, employing workers for the season. Machines were oriented to producing uniforms, standardised goods for a mass market. But the demand in the market was often for goods with intricate designs and specific shapes.
In the mid-nineteenth-century Britain, several varieties of hammers and axes were produced. These required human skill, not machines. Handmade products were better finished, individually produced and carefully designed. Machine-made goods were for export to the colonies.
Machines often broke down and their repair was expensive. How did the East India Company procure regular supplies of cotton and silk textiles from Indian weavers? Answer: In order to procure regular supplies of cotton and silk textiles from Indian weavers, the East India Company took several measures:.
In this system, once the order was placed, the weavers were given loans to purchase the raw material for their production. Those who took loans had to hand over the cloth they produced to the gomastha. They could not sell it to any other trader.
Imagine that you have been asked to write an article for an encyclopaedia on Britain and the history of cotton. Write your piece using information from the entire chapter.
Answer: Hints. Question 4. Why did industrial production in India increase during the First World War? Answer: Industrial production in India increased during the First world War because of the following reasons- i During the war, British mills were busy with war production to meet the needs of the army.
As a result, Manchester imports into India declined. As the war prolonged, Indian factories were called upon to supply war needs. Many new workers were employed and everyone was made to work longer hours. Thus, industrial production in India boomed over the war years. Project Select any one industry in your region and find out its history.
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