Offline Apps are also in updated format free to download. Indicators are substances which give different colour in acid or bases solutions. Natural indicators from plants are: a Litmus, b Vanilla extract. Antacids are mild alkalies. These are used for getting relief from acidity and indigestion and sometimes, even headache. When taken orally, it reacts with hydrochloric acid present in the stomach and reduces its strength by consuming some of it. For example, milk of magnesia is an antacid.
Olfactory indicators are substances which have different odour in acid and base solutions. For example, vanilla essence has characteristics pleasant smell in acid solution and no smell in alkali solution. Tap water contains some impurities in the forms of salts. Due to presence of salts, it conducts electricity. Distilled water is free from all kinds of salts and hence does not conduct electricity. When an acid is mixed with water, there is evolution of large amount of heat.
Therefore, acid is slowly added to water. If on the other hand, water is added to acid, it might spill on your body and clothes due to explosion and evolution of sudden and large amount of heat.
The rain water collected from city B is more acidic. Sugar present in chocolates and sweets gets broken to acids by bacteria present in the mouth. This lowers the pH in the mouth. Tooth enamel is made up of calcium phosphate, which gets corroded when the pH in the mouth is below 5. To prevent tooth enamel from decay, toothpaste is used because it is alkaline and neutralises the acid produced in the mouth and helps to prevent lowering of pH in mouth.
Bleaching powder is soluble in water. However, commercial samples of bleaching powder contains slaked lime that does not react with chlorine gas during the manufacture of bleaching powder. The insoluble part of bleaching powder is this white solid, i. Question 1: What is a neutralization reaction? Give some examples. Answer 1: When the effect of a base is nullified by an acid and vice versa, it is called neutralization reaction.
Question 2: An alkali is an important base used for the laboratory work. Name the base and state how it can be prepared from common salt? What is this process called?
Answer 2: An important alkali commonly needed for laboratory work is sodium hydroxide. It can be prepared from sodium chloride by the process of electrolysis. This is called chlor-alkali process. Electrolysis of aqueous solution of sodium chloride: When electricity is passed through an aqueous solution of sodium chloride commonly called brine, it decomposes into chloride and sodium.
Sodium is collected at the cathode where it reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide. Chlorine is formed at the anode and is collected as a gas. Question 1: a How does baking soda helps to make 10th Ncert Acids And Bases Market cakes and bread soft and spongy?
OR Give reason: cake rise on adding baking powder. Answer 1: a On heating , sodium bicarbonate decomposes to produce carbon dioxide. This causes biscuits and cakes etc.
The other constituents act as preservatives. Question 2: Why does bleaching powder smell strongly of chlorine? Answer 2: Bleaching powder smells strongly of chlorine because it slowly reacts with carbon dioxide of air to evolve chlorine gas. Define indicators. Name two natural indicators obtained from plants. What are antacids? What are olfactory indicators? Give an example. Tap water conducts electricity whereas distilled water does not.
While diluting an acid, why is it recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water into the acid?
What is meant by the term pH of a solution? The pH of rain water collected from two cities A and B was found to be 6 and 5 respectively. The water of which city is more acidic? Tooth enamel is one of the hardest substance in our body.
How does it undergo damage due to eating chocolates and sweets? What should we do to prevent it? Why are commercial samples of bleaching powder not completely soluble in water? Important Questions on 10th Science Chapter 2 Define indicators.
What is a neutralization reaction? When the effect of a base is nullified by an acid and vice versa, it is called neutralization reaction. Why does distilled water not conduct electricity, whereas rain water does?
Distilled water is a pure form of water not containing any ionic species. Therefore, it does not conduct electricity. Rain water, being an impure form of water, contains many ionic species dissolved in air such as acids and therefore it conducts electricity. Why do acids not show acidic behaviour in the absence of water?
Fresh milk has a pH of 6. How do you think the pH will change as it turns into curd? Explain your answer. The pH of milk is 6. As it changes to curd, the pH will reduce because curd is acidic in nature. The acids present in it decrease the pH. Why does an aqueous solution of an acid conduct electricity? Acids dissociate in aqueous solutions to form ions. These ions are responsible for conduction of electricity.
Why does dry HCl gas not change the colour of the dry litmus paper? Colour of the litmus paper is changed by the hydrogen ions.
It is only in the aqueous solution that an acid dissociates to give ions. Since in this case, neither HCl is in the aqueous form nor the litmus paper is wet, therefore, the colour of the litmus paper does not change.
While diluting an acid, why is it recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water to the acid? The process of dissolving an acid or a base in water is a highly exothermic one.
Care must be taken while mixing concentrated nitric acid or sulphuric acid with water. The acid must always be added slowly to water with constant stirring.
If water is added to a concentrated acid, the heat generated may cause the mixture to splash out and cause burns. The glass container may also break due to excessive local heating.
Chapter 3: Metals and Non-Metals �.
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