The America's Cupinformally known as the Auld Mugis yachtz trophy awarded in the sport of sailing. It is the oldest international competition still operating in any sport. There is no fixed schedule, with matches held several years apart on jachts agreed between the defender and the challenger. The most recent Yacgts Cup match took place in March The cup was originally known as the 'R.
Inthe syndicate permanently donated the trophy to the NYYC, under a Deed of Gift that renamed the trophy as aulminum 'America's Cup' after the first winner and required it be made available for perpetual international competition. Any yacht sailiing that meets the requirements specified in the deed of gift has the right to challenge the yacht club that currently holds the cup. If the challenging club wins the match, it gains stewardship of the cup.
From the first defence of the cup in until the twentieth defence inthere was always aluminum yachts sailing 02 one challenger. In multiple challengers applied, so a selection series was held to decide which applicant would become the official challenger and compete in the America's Cup match.
This approach has been used for each subsequent competition. The Prada Cup known as the Louis Vuitton Cup from is awarded to the winner of the challenger selection series. The history and prestige associated with the America's Cup attracts the world's top sailors, yacht designers, wealthy entrepreneurs and sponsors.
It is a test of sailing skill, boat and sail design, and fundraising and management skills. The trophy was held by the NYYC from until Including the original victory, the NYYC's year reign was the longest in terms of time winning streak in any sport. Early matches for the cup aluminum yachts sailing 02 raced between yachts 65�90 ft 20�27 m aluminumm the waterline owned by wealthy sportsmen.
This culminated with the J-Class regattas of the s. After World War II and almost twenty years without a challenge, the NYYC made changes to the deed of gift to allow smaller, less expensive metre class yachts to compete; this class was used from until It aluminum yachts sailing 02 replaced in by the International America's Cup Classwhich was used until After a long legal battle, the America's Cup was raced in 90 ft 27 m waterline multihull yachts in Valencia, Spain.
The victorious Golden Gate Aluminum yachts sailing 02 Yachfs then elected to race the America's Cup in AC72 foiling, wing-sail catamarans and successfully defended the cup. The Aluminum yachts sailing 02 Cup match yachrs sailed in 50 ft foiling catamarans, [8] after legal battles and disputes over the rule changes. Both the 37th and 38th America's Cup matches will be sailed in AC75 class yachts.
It was aluminum yachts sailing 02 known as the "R. Today, the trophy is officially known as the aluminum yachts sailing 02 Cup" after the winning yacht, and sajling affectionately called the "Auld Aluminum yachts sailing 02 by the sailing community.
It is inscribed with names of the yachts that competed for it, [12] and has been modified twice by adding matching bases to accommodate more names. In Commodore John Cox Stevensa charter member of the fledgling Aluminum yachts sailing 02 York Yacht Club NYYCformed a six-person syndicate to build a yacht with intention of taking her to England and making some money competing in yachting regattas and match races.
Yacuts syndicate contracted with pilot boat designer George Steers for a ft On 22 AugustAmerica raced against 15 yachts of the Royal Yacht Squadron in the Club's annual nautical-mile 98 km regatta around the Isle of Wight. America won, finishing 8 minutes ahead of the closest rival. Apocryphally, Queen Victoriawho was watching at the finish line, was reported to have asked who was second, the famous answer being: "Ah, Your Majesty, there is no second.
The surviving members of the America syndicate donated the cup via the Deed of Gift of the America's Cup to the NYYC on 8 Julyspecifying that it be held in trust as a perpetual sailong aluminum yachts sailing 02 to promote friendly competition among nations. No challenge to race for the Cup was issued until British railway tycoon James Lloyd Ashbury 's topsail schooner Cambria tons, design beat the Yankee schooner Sappho The Wluminum only placed eighth, behind the aging America Trying again, Ashbury offered a best-of-seven match race challenge for Octoberwhich the NYYC accepted provided a defending yacht could yachtw chosen on the morning of each race.
Ashbury's new yacht Livonia tons was aluminum yachts sailing 02 twice in a row by Osgood's new centreboard schooner Columbia tonswhich withdrew in the third race after dismasting. The yacht Sappho then stepped in as defender to win the fourth and fifth races, thereby successfully defending the cup. The next challenge came from the Royal Canadian Yacht Club and was the first to be disputed between two yachts.
The schooner Madeleine Cuthbert 002 the second Canadian challenge, bankrolling, designing and sailing the first sloop challenge for the America's Cup in The small 65 ft In contrast, the NYYC cautiously prepared its first selection trials.
The iron sloop Mischief 79 tons, design by Archibald Sailnig Smith was chosen from four sloop candidates and successfully defended the cup.
In response to aluminum yachts sailing 02 unsuccessful Canadian challenges, the Deed of Gift was amended in to require that challenges be accepted only from yacht clubs on the sea.
The Yahcts was further amended to provide that challenger yachts must sail to the venue on their saiping hull. They included sail area and waterline length into the handicap, with penalties on waterlines longer than 85 ft Irish yacht designer John Beavor-Webb launched the challengers Genesta and Galateawhich would define the British "plank-on-edge" design of a heavy, deep and narrow-keel hull, making for aluminum yachts sailing 02 stiff yachts ideal for the British breeze.
This design paradigm proved ideal for the light Yankee airs. InEdward Burgess repeated his success with the Volunteer against Scottish yacht designer George Lennox Watson 's challenger Thistleyachtz was built in secret.
Even when the Thistle was drydocked in New York before the races, her hull was draped to protect the secret of her lines, which borrowed from American design.
Both Volunteer and Thistle were completely unfurnished below decks to save weight. Inthe NYYC adopted the Seawanhaka Corinthian Yacht Club 's rating rule, in which Bristol, RInaval architect Nathanael Herreshoff found loopholes that he would use to make dramatic improvements in yacht design and to shape the America's Cup's largest aluminum yachts sailing 02 most extreme contenders. Both Herreshoff and Watson sailinh aluminum yachts sailing 02 merge Yankee sloop design and British cutter design to make very deep S-shape fin-keeled hulls.
Using steel, tobin bronze, aluminium, and even nickel for novel construction, they significantly lengthened bow and stern overhangs, aluminum yachts sailing 02 extending the sailing waterline aluminum yachts sailing 02 their boats heeled over, thus increasing their hull speed.
The next America's Cup challenge was initially limited to 70 ft Dunraven challenged again inpleading for a return to the longer 85 ft 26 m limit. In a cup-crazed Britain, its four largest cutters ever were being yachrs, including Watson's Valkyrie II for Dunraven's challenge. Meanwhile, the NYYC's wealthiest members ordered two cup candidates from Herreshoff, and two more from Boston yacht designers.
Charles Oliver Iselinwho was running the syndicate behind one of the Herreshoff designs called Vigilantgave the naval architect leave to design the yacht entirely as he willed. Herreshoff helmed Vigilant himself and beat all his rivals in selection trials, and defended the cup successfully from Valkyrie II. Urged to challenge alumjnum in yet larger boat sizes, Dunraven challenged again in with a saiing ft The Watson designed challenger Valkyrie III received many innovations: She would be wider than the defender, and featured the first steel mast.
This saved 17 tons of displacement, but later subjected the boat to extreme electrolysis after the Cup races. Valkyrie III lost the first race, was deemed disqualified in the second race following yadhts collision with Defender before the start line despite finishing first, and in turn withdrew from the contest.
The unraveling of the races left Dunraven in a bitter disagreement with all parties over fairness of the cup committee concerning claims. After he asserted that he had been cheated, his honorary membership of the NYYC was revoked. At age 58, Hank Haff was the oldest cup winner in the history of the race. William Fife was alumiunm to design the challenging yacht Shamrock because of past success in American waters.
The latter had helmed Fife designs [28] in Yankee waters before, and he had shown yschts coordination with his hand-picked Scandinavian crew. But Barr successfully helmed Ssailing to victory, and Lipton's noted fair play provided unprecedented popular appeal to the sport and to his tea brand. Although upset with the ShamrockLipton challenged aluminum yachts sailing 02 inturning this time to George Lennox Watson for a "cup-lifter": Shamrock IIWatson's fourth and final challenger, was the first cup contender to be thoroughly tank-tested.
To defend the Cup, businessman Thomas W. Lawson funded for Boston designer Bowdoin B. Crowninshield a daring project: his yacht Saiing was capable of unrivaled performance because of her extremely long sailing waterline, but she was largely overpowered and unbalanced and suffered from structural sailint.
Lipton persisted in a third challenge in With the aim to fend off Lipton's challenges indefinitely, the Aluminum yachts sailing 02 garnered a huge budget for sailung single cup contender, whose aluminum yachts sailing 02 would be commissioned to Herreshoff.
Improving on the Independence and his previous designs, the new defender Reliance remains the largest race sloop ever built. She featured sailnig ballasted rudder, dual-speed winches sailjng decks, and a cork-decked aluminium topside that hid running rigging. The design focus on balance was exemplary, but the extreme yacht also required the skills of an excellent sailkng, which defaulted choice options to Charlie Barr.
Despite the immense success of the Relianceshe was used only one season, her design aluminum yachts sailing 02 maintenance keeping her from being used for any other purpose than for a cup defense. The extremity of both cup contenders encouraged Nathanael Herreshoff to make boats more wholesome and durable by devising a new rule.
Proposing in aluminum yachts sailing 02 same year the Universal Rulehe added the elements of overall length and displacement into the rating, to the benefit of heavy, voluminous hulls and also divided boats into classes, without handicapping sail area.
Lipton long pleaded for a smaller size of yachts in the new rule, and the NYYC conceded to seventy-five footers in Lipton turned to Charles Ernest Nicholson for his fourth challenge, and got a superb design under the inauspicious zailing of Shamrock IVwith a flat transom. Barr had died, but his crew manned the Resolutewhich faced stiff competition from Vanitiebut went on to win the selection trials, before sailnig Cup was suspended as World War I broke alumknum.
The Vagrant arrived on the 8th. Having no radio, the crew remained unaware of the declaration of war. Finding all navigational markers missing, the Vagrant crew attempted to pick their own way in through the barrier reef. David's Battery fired a warning shot aluminum yachts sailing 02 bring them aluminum yachts sailing 02 a halt.
Shamrock IV and Erin arrived the next day. The America's Cup was cancelled for that year. The Shamrock IV and Erin proceeded to New York, from where the Erin returned to Britain while Shamrock IV was laid up in alumiunm Erie 20 dry dock untilwhen she received some adjustments to her build and ballast, just before the races were held.
Despite Shamrock IV ' s severe rating, she took the first two races from the defender Resoluteand came closer to winning back the Cup than any previous aluminum yachts sailing 02. The Resolute asiling every subsequent race of the event. Shamrock IV was never raced again, but the universal rule drew significant appeal, especially in the small M-Class.
Believing that the new rule offered a serious opportunity for the British to take the Cup, Lipton aaluminum for sailjng fifth and last time at age 79, in The J-Class was chosen for the contest, to which were added Lloyds ' A1 scantling rules in order aluminum yachts sailing 02 ensure that the yachts would be seaworthy and evenly matched, given the Deed of Gift requirement for yachts to sail yadhts the match on their "own.
Novel rigging technology now permitted the Bermuda rig sailig aluminum yachts sailing 02 the gaff rig.
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