I hope this brief glossary of navigation terms will be of assistance to those wishing to improve their navigational skills. Actual depth; the true depth of water as opposed to a predicted depth. Tidal height from table added to the charted depth. Altitude ; the angular distance of a celestial body above the viewers horizon. Anabatic Winds ; caused by warm air rising up a slope to be replaced by cooler air, as opposed to kabatic, descending winds.
Apparent wind ; the wind as felt on board, this will be the Mirror Sailing Dinghy Plans actual wind modified by the wind created by the vessels movement. Astrolabe ; an instrument used to determine the altitude of celestial objects before the introduction of the sextant. The first recorded use by Greek astronomers in around B. Azimuth; the horizontal angular distance from a reference position to a celestial body, usually measured clockwise in degrees from the direction of the nearest pole.
Barometer; an instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure. Bars Harbor Bar. Beacon ; an unlit navigation mark. Beaufort Scale ; a numerical method of describing wind strength. Body; a celestial object. Buoyage Marks and Systems;. Cardinal Marks; Sailing Dinghy Boat Plans buoyage marks indicating the direction of safe water with reference to the cardinal points.
Cartography; the study and the construction of maps. CC or Compass Course ; the course to steer which has been corrected for current, variation, and deviation. Celestial navigation; a method of navigating by referring to the stars or other objects in the sky.
Celestial sphere; an imaginary sphere with the earth at its center, on whose surface the stars, planets and other heavenly bodies appear to be situated. Characteristics; the distinctive pattern of flashes used to identify a light. Chart datum; the reference level on charts to which tidal heights are referred. Charted depth; the depth shown on the chart for a particular point on the sea bed.
Chronometer; a very accurate clock or watch that is used for determining one's longitude at sea. Civil twilight; times given in the almanac, for listed latitudes for approximately the best time to take a morning or evening sight, when both the horizon and the heavenly bodies are visible.
Cocked hat; a triangle formed by a series of three LOPs which do not meet at an exact point. Compass; a device that always points towards magnetic north, used for navigation. Compass Rose; is a design on a chart that shows direction. It points which way is north, south, east, west, and some intermediate directions. Constellations; Star groups.
Conversion tables; used to convert units of one system to units in another. Copernicus; , Polish astronomer credited with disproving the Ptolemaic System. Course; the direction in which a vessel is heading or is intended to be steered, the direction through the water. Course made good; the direction in which the vessel is actually traveling as opposed to the direction in which it is pointing.
Corrections; alterations made to charts to update navigational information. Cross bearing; using LOPs from several navigational aids or marks to obtain a position fix. Crux; the Southern Cross a constellation seen in the southern hemisphere. Dead reckoning ; determining a position by plotting courses and speeds from a known position.
Declination ; the angular distance to a point on the celestial sphere measured north and south from the celestial equator along the hour circle. Deviation ; the compass errors caused by metallic o magnetic objects on board the vessel. Dip ; a correction to be applied to sextant attitudes to compensate for height of eye above sea level.
Doldrums ; the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone or ITCZ a belt of very still air between 5 degrees north and 5 degrees south of the equator. Drying height; the height above chart datum, on a chart, of any areas which are uncovered at low water. Duration of tide ; the time between high an low water, normally just over 6 hours.
Electronic logs or E log books ; a method of standardising the keeping of logs digitally on commercial vessels. Electronic charts ; there are two different types see Vector charts and Raster marine charts.
Ephemerals ; a published collection of tables giving coordinates for astronomical bodies for specific times. Equator ; an imaginary circle around the earth, halfway between the north and south poles.
Fathom ; an old fashioned unit of measurement to measure depth, approximately equal to 6 feet or 1. Fix ; a position verified by reference to bearings take off a known point such as a conspicuous land mark. Forecasting Terms ; used to convey specific, concise, information on weather conditions. Gates Tidal. Read more. GPS, Global Positioning System ; a system which uses information broadcast from orbiting satellites to calculate the longitude and latitude of a receiving device.
Harbor Bars. Hand held, Compass ; a small portable compass. Heading ; the direction in which a vessel is pointing, as opposed to the course made good. Height of tide ; a figure taken from the tide tables indicating the depth of water above the chart datum.
Also a circle formed on the celestial sphere by a plane tangent to a point on the Earth's surface. Horizon Glass ; or Horizon Mirror half clear glass half mirror, on a sextant it allows the observer to view the horizon at the same time as a reflection of whatever is showing in the Index Mirror.
Read more:. IALA Systems; internationally recognised systems of buoyage. Index mirror ; the mirror at the apex of a sextant frame which pivots with the index arm. International Date Line Duck Hunting Scull Boat Plans 10 ; the imaginary line in the Pacific Ocean at which the date changes. International marine signal flags ; a system of flag shapes and designes used to communicate messages at sea.
Interpolation Tables ; almanac tables to estimate value between the tabulated results. Isolated Danger Mark; buoyage marks indicating a hazard, a such as a wreck directly below the mark,. Jetsam ; are objects that have been thrown overboard from a vessel, originally stuff jettisoned by a ship which was in trouble. Knot, Kts. Lateral Marks ; buoyage indicating the edge of a safe water channel. Latitude ; the angular distance north or south from the equator on the earth surface.
Leading lights or Range Lights ; a pair of lights deliberately placed to provide a transit along a narrow channel. Leading or Range marks ; transit markers. Limb ; when taking a sun or moon sight it is difficult to guess where the center is so the observer aligns either the top edge Upper Limb or more usually the bottom edge Lower Limb of the object on to the horizon.
The sight is then corrected using the appropriate correction tables. The line deduced from either a compass bearing of a mark or a sight reduction. A minimum of two or preferably more are necessary to establish a fix. Local Noon ; the time when the sun reaches its highest altitude at your position and is directly north or south of you.
Local Hour Angle, LHA ; the angular distance of an observed celestial object to the west of the observers meridian. Localized weather phenomena ; alterations made to the prevailing weather by local topography. Log; an instrument used to calculate speed and distance travelled, through the water. Log book ; a book in which the navigator records data about the vessels progress.
Magnetic Compass; a device used for navigation which aligns with the earths magnetic field thus indicating th direction of magnetic north. Magnetic bearing ; a baring taken from a magnetic compass. Magnetic north ; the northerly position of the earths magnetic field, this is varies from the True North. Mark ; a fixed buoyage indicator. Mercator projection ; a method for representing the spherical globe as a flat map with lines of latitude and longitude intersecting at right angles.
Devised by Geradus Mercato in Meridian; a line of longitude, the imaginary great circles on the surface of the earth which converge at the poles and have their center at the center of the earth. Navigation Lights. Neaps ; the lowest tides in the tidal range, occurring when the sun and moon are in quadrature. Night Sailing. Notices to Mariners; updates and corrections to chart data.
Parallax; the apparent differences Pontoon Boat Trailer Building Plans Uk in the positions of objects viewed along different lines of sight. Passage plan ; a written plan of a proposed voyage. Pilot book ; a guide book giving details of coastlines and harbours and sailing directions. Pilotage plan ; a navigation plan for a passage. Plotting Sheet ; a paper sheet separate from the cart where a navigator can plot his LOPs and the vessels course.
Polaris ; is the pole star of the Northern Hemisphere it is located almost directly above the true position of due north.
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