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It will be maximum at the last trophic levels which is mostly of the top carnivores quaternary consumers. Question 7.
What are the problems caused by the non-biodegradable wastes that we generate? Answer: i Non-biodegradable wastes persist in the environment for a long time and cause greater harm to the various members of the ecosystem by causing biological magnification. Question 8. If all the waste we generate is biodegradable, will this have no impact on the environment?
Answer: Biodegradable waste will be recycled easily by the decomposers such as bacteria and fungi. It will have only this bad impact on our environment that, many Of the gases released during decomposition process may result in global warming. Question 9. Why is damage to the ozone layer a cause for concern? Answer: The ozone shields the surface of the earth from ultraviolet UV radiation from the sun. These radiations are highly damaging as they can cause cancer in both plants and animals, damage to eyes and immune system.
They can also lead to variations in global rainfall, ecological disturbances and dwindling of global food supplies. Due to these reasons, damage to the ozone layer is a major cause for concern. Steps which are taken to limit this damage :. Identify the original source of the energy which flows through a food chain? A teacher draws the pyramid of energy on board and writes A, B, C and D, in each trophic level as shown in the diagram given alongside.
Which level represents the herbivores? Producers harness the maximum energy followed by primary consumers, i. Which of the following groups contains only biodegradable items?
Which of the following constitutes a food-chain? Producers grass forms the first trophic level, herbivore goat the second and carnivore human the third trophic level. Which of the following are environment- friendly practices? Hence, all these practices are considered as environment friendly. Which of the following statements about food chain are correct? It proceeds in straight line.
Food chain does not consist of branching lines. In class, the teacher explained the concept of food chain and energy flow. She made a diagram as given below and asked the students to identify the producer organism in the chain.
Answer: b Cabbage Class 10th Ncert Pdf Maths Quote is the producer component of this chain. It produces food using sunlight and Ncert Solutions Of Class 10th Hindi Chapter 12 other components by photosynthesis process. Others are all consumers. An ecosystem includes a all living organisms b non-living objects , c both living organisms and non-living objects d sometimes living organisms and sometimes non-living objects Answer: c All the interacting organisms in an area taken together with the non-living constituents of the environment form an ecosystem.
Thus, an ecosystem consists of biotic components including all living organisms and abiotic components constituting physical factors like temperature, rainfall, wind, soil and minerals. In the following groups of materials, which group s contains only non-biodegradable items?
On the other hand, substances that are broken down decomposed by biological processes are said to be biodegradable, e. Question Which of the following statement is incorrect? Answer: b Green plants prepare their food from inorganic compounds using radiant energy of the sun in the presence of chlorophyll.
All green plants and blue-green algae are called producers as they can prepare food from inorganic substances by photosynthesis. Producers capture the solar energy and convert it into chemical energy.
What will happen if deer is missing in the food chain given below? Answer: d If deer is missing in the given food chain, there will not be sufficient food for the tigers.
Some of the tigers will die because of starvation and hence, the population of tigers will decrease. Since, grass is eaten by deers, the population of grass will also increase whefl deer is missing.
In a class activity, two students were asked to collect different items from their fellow mates and classify them as biodegradable and non- biodegradable. All the items have been identified except three. Find out which one is non-biodegradable among these? These products are made from plastic and hence are non-biodegradable. The diagram shows excretory losses from a rat to the environment.
Which of the following will not be returned to the ecosystem and recycled? The generated is returned through the carbon cycle. Salts are used by living organisms present in the ecosystem. Urea also returns to the nitrogen cycle.
Which of the following limits the number of trophic levels in a food chain? At each trophic level, a large portion of energy is utilised for the maintenance of organisms that occur at that trophic level.
So, organisms at higher level gets less and less energy at successive levels. If a grasshopper is eaten by a frog, then the energy transfer will be from a producer to decomposer b producer to primary consumer c primary consumer to secondary consumer d secondary consumer to primary consumer Answer: c In a food chain, if a grasshopper is eaten by a frog, then the energy transfer will be from primary consumer to secondary consumer.
Grasshopper feeds on producers i. So, it occupies the level of primary consumer. Frogs, eating grasshopper thus become the secondary consumer. In the given food chain, suppose the amount of energy at fourth trophic level is 5 kJ, what will be the energy available at the producer level? In this food chain, at the 4th trophic level, only 5 kJ energy is available to the snake. So, the energy available at the producer level will be kJ.
It can be shown as. Eco-system It is defined as functional unit of nature, where living organisms interact among themselves and also with the surrounding physical environment. Hence, there are two main components of the ecosystem: Biotic: Living organisms such as plants, animals, microorganisms and humans. Abiotic: It includes physical factors such as temperature, rainfall, wind, soil and minerals. Examples of natural ecosystem: forests, ponds, lakes, etc, and human made or artificial ecosystems are gardens, crop-fields, aquarium etc.
Ecosystem consists of various organisms which can be classified as producers and consumers. Producers are the organisms which make organic compounds like sugar, starch, etc from inorganic substances with the help of sunlight and chlorophyll.
Consumers are the organisms which are dependent on producers for their nutrition. They can be grouped as herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, parasites, and decomposers. Thus, they help in proper cycling of the nutrients in an ecosystem. Have you ever wondered why we need to clean aquarium but not lakes or ponds? It is because aquarium is an artificial and incomplete system which lacks producers, food chains, and decomposers.
In contrast lake or ponds are natural and complete ecosystem where there is perfect recycling of nutrients and thus does not need to be cleaned very often. Waste Material Waste material can be broadly classified into two categories depending on their degradation:. Food Chains And Webs In an ecosystem, there exists a series of organisms feeding on one another. This series or organisms taking part at various biotic levels form a food chain. Alternatively, food chain can be defined as a linear network of food or energy flow starting from producer and ending at apex predator.
Trophic Level Based on the source of their nutrition or food, organisms occupy a specific place in food chain that is known as their trophic level. There are usually four trophic levels:. Environmental Problems Depletion of the ozone layer: Ozone O 3 is a molecule formed by three atoms of oxygen. It is located in upper part of the atmosphere called stratosphere and it acts as shield absorbing UV radiation from sun. Waste disposal: Improvements in our life-style have resulted in greater amounts of waste material generation.
For e. It is interesting note that how unknowingly some harmful chemicals enter our bodies through the food chain. It happens by two ways: Overuse of several pesticides: These chemicals are either washed down into the soil or into the waterbodies. From the soil, these are absorbed by the plants along with water and minerals, and from the water bodies these are taken up by aquatic plants and animals.
Biological magnification: It is defined as an increase in the concentration of the toxicant at successive trophic levels. These chemicals are not degradable and the organism can neither metabolize nor excrete them and thus they get accumulated progressively at each trophic level. In addition, human beings occupy the top level in any food chain and thus a maximum concentration of these chemicals gets accumulated in our bodies. Grasshopper represents second trophic level.
Frog represents third trophic level. Eagle represents fourth tropic level. Page Number: Question 1 Why are some substances biodegradable and some non-biodegradable? Page Number: Question 1 What is ozone and how does it affect any ecosystem? If the herbivores are killed, then the carnivores would not be able to get food and would die.
If carnivores are killed, then the population of herbivores would increase to unsustainable level. If producers are killed, then the nutrient cycle in that area would not be completed. Answer: The problems caused by the non-biodegradable wastes are : If the quantity of non-biodegradable matter increases in the nature then bio-magnification of poisonous chemicals in our body increases.
If the non-biodegradal waste keeps on increasing there will not be left any substance for new organisms. The increasing quantity of non-biodegradable waste will cause imbalance of ecosystem. Answer: They may produce foul smell during decomposition process. They may produce some harmful gases such as ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide, etc. Answer: These inert substances simply persist in the environment.
This means that these substances require land area for dumping. Excess of fertilizers, pesticides and other chemicals changes soil chemistry and also affects aquatic life. Most of these chemicals and heavy metal are easily absorbed by the organisms.
This causes biological magnification. Consider the following food chain: Question 2. Answer: Role of decomposers in the ecosystem : They help in breaking down the complex organic into simple inorganic that go into the soil and are used up by the plants. They the nutrient pool of the putting In this way, ad as cleansing agents of nature. They help in maintaining the fertility of by adding humus content to it. Page : Question 1. It may affect any ecosystem in the following ways : At the surface of the earth, it is a deadly poison for all lower forms of life.
If this layer gets depleted, then it may cause cancer in human beings including other plants and animals. Answer: By changing our lifestyle and change in attitude will reduce disposable waste.
Reducing packaging. The ultra violet radiations split oxygen into free oxygen atoms, these atoms combine with oxygen molecules to form ozone. Ozone Ecosystem: At ground level ozone is poisonous but at higher level it is very useful as it protects all living organisms from harmful UV radiations of the sun. How can you help in reducing the problem of waste disposal? Give any two methods. To reduce the. Which of the ,following groups contain only biodegradable items?
Which of the following constitute a food-chain? Which of the following are environment friendly practices? What will happen if we kill all the organisms in one trophic level? If all the organisms in one trophic level are killed then all the organisms of next trophic level which are dependent on these are killed. Next trophic levels will no! Will the impact of removing all the organisms in a trophic level be different for different trophic levels?
Can the organisms of any trophic level be removed without causing any damage to the ecosystem? The impact of removing all the organisms in a trophic level will be same. If the organisms of any trophic level be removed it will certainly damage the ecosystem. If snakes are removed then the number of frogs will increase which will disturb the entire ecosystem. What is biological magnification? Will the levels pf this magnification ,bed different at different levels of the ecosystem? The pesticides and chemicals are absorbed by plant from the soil and enter the food chain.
Being non-biodegradable they accumulate progressively at, each trophic level. As human occupy the top level of any food chain, the maximum concentration of chemicals is found in our bodies. This is called biological magnification. The level of magnification will be different at different trophic levels, the maximum concentrations will be at the highest trophic level and the chemical will be less at lower trophic levels. What are the problems caused by the non-biodegradable waste that we generate?
If all the waste we generate is bio-degradable, will this have no impact on the environment?
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