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My wife has been doing a restoration on our old Tracker boat. She is almost finished. She stopped working on it to the point that it is fishable so we can spend the summer and fall fishing.

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Both of these badass prototypes are pieces of GM history. We have a huge selection of custom Jet Boats for sale with more listings added daily. Hi every1 i know how hard it is to come up with a good design for a nice looking tray i was racking my brain trying to think of 1 so i thought id. On the surface, the Donzi is cool as hell.

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Choose from a variety of EZ Loader Adjustable boat trailer styles and finishes and get to the water with ease. This new design allows for a perfect solution when your boat trailer is too long for its storage area.

Available on many models. Get the additional peace of mind when traveling with an O. Spare tire and Carrier. EZ Loader offers many styles to choose from.

Available on select models. Unique low profile load guide system centers and protects boat during loading. For boats that require extra support on smaller EZ Loader boat trailers. Ask your dealer if your model applies. Cross bunk to give extra support for longer bunks, jonboats and other flat bottom boats. When the going gets rough, load guides help you launch and load no matter whatt the weather. Available on most models. A convenient medium-duty load guide that is easy to install and fits most small to medium EZ Loader boat trailers.

Replaces the regular two bunk system with a heavy-duty 3x4 four bunk pivoting system for increased support. EZ Loader copolymer bunk covers attach over carpeted bunks and let your boat slide on and off the trailer with ease. Help clean brake components with this handy flush kit. Attach a garden hose and flush! Useful in saltwater environments. The increase in length will not result in the 97, lb weight limit being exceeded and will allow some operators to approach the weight limit which may not have been previously possible due to the previous length of trailers.

The trial will run for a maximum of 10 years. However, in practice any such vehicle has to travel by a route authorized by the Department of Transport and move under escort.

The escort of abnormal loads in the UK is now predominantly carried out by private companies, but extremely large or heavy loads that require road closures must still be escorted by the police. In the UK, some semi-trailer trucks have eight tires on three axles on the tractor; these are known as six-wheelers or "six leggers", with either the center or rear axle having single wheels which normally steer as well as the front axle and can be raised when not needed i.

Some trailers have two axles which have twin tires on each axle; other trailers have three axles, of which one axle can be a lift axle which has super-single wheels. In the UK, two wheels bolted to the same hub are classed as a single wheel, therefore a standard six-axle articulated truck is considered to have twelve wheels, even though it has twenty tires.

The UK also allows semi-trailer truck which have six tires on two axles; these are known as four-wheelers. In , the operator Denby Transport designed and built a 83 ft long This is based on the fact that for light but bulky goods such as toilet paper, plastic bottles, cereals and aluminum cans, conventional semi-trailer trucks run out of cargo space before they reach the weight limit. At 97, lb, as opposed to , lb usually associated with B-Trains, the Eco-Link also exerts less weight per axle on the road compared to the standard six-axle 97, lb semi-trailer truck.

The vehicle was built after Denby Transport believed they had found a legal-loophole in the present UK law to allow the Eco-Link to be used on the public roads. The regulations state that "certain vehicles" may be permitted to draw more than one trailer and can be up to 85 ft The Department for Transport were of the opinion that this refers to recovering a vehicle after an accident or breakdown, but the regulation does not explicitly state this.

During BTAC performance testing the Eco-Link was given an "excellent" rating for its performance in maneuverability, productivity, safety and emissions tests, superseding ordinary semi-trailer trucks in many respects.

The active steer system meant that the Eco-Link had a turning circle of 41 ft Although the Department for Transport advised that the Eco-Link was not permissible on public roads, Denby Transport gave the Police prior warning of the timing and route of the test drive on the public highway, as well as outlining their position in writing to the Eastern Traffic Area Office.

On 1 December Denby Transport were preparing to drive the Eco-Link on public roads, but this was cut short because the Police pulled the semi-trailer truck over as it left the gates in order to test it for its legality "to investigate any The Police said the vehicle was unlawful due to its length and Denby Transport was served with a notice by the Vehicle and Operator Services Agency VOSA inspector to remove the vehicle from the road for inspection.

However, this prompted the Department for Transport to undertake a desk study into semi-trailer trucks, which has resulted in the longer semi-trailer trial which commenced in In North America , the combination vehicles made up of a powered semi-tractor and one or more semitrailers are known as "semis", "semitrailers", [15] "tractor-trailers", "big rigs", "semi-trucks", "eighteen-wheelers" or "semi-tractor-trailers". The tractor unit typically has two or three axles ; those built for hauling heavy-duty commercial-construction machinery may have as many as five, some often being lift axles.

The most common tractor-cab layout has a forward engine, one steering axle, and two drive axles. The fifth-wheel trailer coupling on most tractor trucks is movable fore and aft, to allow adjustment in the weight distribution over its rear axle s.

Ubiquitous in Europe, but less common in North America since the s, is the cabover engine configuration, where the driver sits next to, or over the engine. With changes in the US to the maximum length of the combined vehicle, the cabover was largely phased out of North American over-the-road long-haul service by Cabovers were difficult to service; for a long time the cab could not be lifted on its hinges to a full degree forward tilt, severely limiting access to the front part of the engine.

The cargo trailer usually has tandem axles at the rear, each of which has dual wheels , or eight tires on the trailer, four per axle. In the US it is common to refer to the number of wheel hubs, rather than the number of tires; an axle can have either single or dual tires with no legal difference. Many trailers are equipped with movable tandem axles to allow adjusting the weight distribution.

To connect the second of a set of doubles to the first trailer, and to support the front half of the second trailer, a converter gear known as a "dolly" is used.

This has one or two axles, a fifth-wheel coupling for the rear trailer, and a tongue with a ring-hitch coupling for the forward trailer. Individual states may further allow longer vehicles, known as "longer combination vehicles" or LCVs , and may allow them to operate on roads other than Interstates. Long combination vehicle types include:. Future long combination vehicles under consideration and study for the US MAP transportation bill are container doubles.

These combinations are under study for potential recommendation in November The US federal government, which only regulates the Interstate Highway System , does not set maximum length requirements except on auto and boat transporters , only minimums.

Tractors can pull two or three trailers if the combination is legal in that state. Weight maximums are 20, lb 9, kg on a single axle, 34, lb 15, kg on a tandem, and 80, lb 36, kg total for any vehicle or combination.

There is a maximum width of 8. Roads other than the Interstates are regulated by the individual states, and laws vary widely. Maximum weight varies between 80, lb 36, kg to , lb 78, kg , depending on the combination.

Reasons for limiting the legal trailer configurations include both safety concerns and the impracticality of designing and constructing roads that can accommodate the larger wheelbase of these vehicles and the larger minimum turning radii associated with them.

In general, these configurations are restricted to the Interstates. Except for these units, double setups are not restricted to certain roads any more than a single setup.

They are also not restricted by weather conditions or "difficulty of operation". The Canadian province of Ontario, however, does have weather-related operating restrictions for larger tandem trailer setups. Australian road transport has a reputation for using very large trucks and road trains. This is reflected in the most popular configurations of trucks generally having dual drive axles and three axles on the trailers, with four tyres on each axle.

This means that Australian single semi-trailer trucks will usually have 22 tyres, which is generally more than their counterparts in other countries. Super single tyres are sometimes used on tri-axle trailers. The suspension is designed with travel limiting, which will hold the rim off the road for one blown or deflated tyre for each side of the trailer, so a trailer can be driven at reduced speed to a safe place for repair.

Super singles are also often used on the steer axle in Australia to allow greater loading over the steer axle. The increase in loading of steer tyres requires a permit. Long haul transport usually operates as B-doubles with two trailers each with three axles , for a total of nine axles including steering.

In some lighter duty applications only one of the rear axles of the truck is driven, and the trailer may have only two axles. From July , the Australian Federal and State Governments allowed the introduction of B-triple trucks on a specified network of roads.

The front of their first trailer is supported by the turntable on the prime mover. The second and third trailers are supported by turntables on the trailers in front of them. As a result, B-Triples are much more stable than road trains and handle exceptionally well.

True road trains only operate in remote areas, regulated by each state or territory government. In total, the maximum length that any articulated vehicle may be without a special permit and escort is However, heavy restrictions apply to the areas where such a vehicle may travel in most states.

In remote areas such as the Northern Territory great care must be taken when sharing the road with longer articulated vehicles that often travel during the daytime, especially four-trailer road trains. Articulated trucks towing a single trailer or two trailers commonly known as "short doubles" with a maximum overall length of 19 m 62 ft are referred to as "General access heavy vehicles" and are permitted in all areas, including metropolitan.

B-doubles are limited to a maximum total weight of B-doubles may only operate on designated roads, which includes most highways and some major metropolitan roads. B-doubles are very common in all parts of Australia including state capitals and on major routes they outnumber single trailer configurations. Maximum width of any vehicle is 2.

In the past few years, allowance has been made by several states to allow certain designs of heavy vehicles up to 4. In effect, a 4. In Australia, both conventional prime movers and cabovers are common, however, cabovers are most often seen on B-doubles on the eastern seaboard where the reduction in Flat Bottom Boat Trailers Inc total length allows the vehicle to pull longer trailers and thus more cargo than it would otherwise. An Australian prime mover Kenworth and B double trailer combination.

Common combinations in New Zealand are a standard semi-trailer, a B-double , or a rigid towing vehicle pulling a trailer with a drawbar, with a maximum of nine axles. Standard maximum vehicle lengths for trailers with one axle set are:. Trailers with two axle sets can be 20 m 66 ft long, including heavy rigid vehicles towing two trailers. Oversized loads require, at minimum, a permit, and may require one or more pilot vehicles.

The cargo trailer is, by means of a king pin , hooked to a horseshoe-shaped quick-release coupling device called a fifth wheel or a turntable hitch at the rear of the towing engine that allows easy hook up and release. The truck trailer cannot move by itself because it only has wheels at the rear end: it requires a forward axle , provided by the towing engine, to carry half the load weight.

When braking hard at high speeds, the vehicle has a tendency to fold at the pivot point between the towing vehicle and the trailer. Such a truck accident is called a "trailer swing", although it is also commonly described as a "jackknife". Semi trucks use air pressure, rather than hydraulic fluid, to actuate the brake. The use of air hoses allows for ease of coupling and uncoupling of trailers from the tractor unit.

The most common failure is brake fade , usually caused when the drums or discs and the linings of the brakes overheat from excessive use. The parking brake of the tractor unit and the emergency brake of the trailer are spring brakes that require air pressure in order to be released. They are applied when air pressure is released from the system, and disengaged when air pressure is supplied.

This is a fail-safe design feature which ensures that if air pressure to either unit is lost, the vehicle will stop to a grinding halt, instead of continuing without brakes and becoming uncontrollable. The trailer controls are coupled to the tractor through two gladhand connectors , which provide air pressure, and an electrical cable, which provides power to the lights and any specialized features of the trailer.

Glad-hand connectors also known as palm couplings are air hose connectors, each of which has a flat engaging face and retaining tabs. The faces are placed together, and the units are rotated so that the tabs engage each other to hold the connectors together. This arrangement provides a secure connection but allows the couplers to break away without damaging the equipment if they are pulled, as may happen when the tractor and trailer are separated without first uncoupling the air lines.

These connectors are similar in design to the ones used for a similar purpose between railroad cars. Two air lines typically connect to the trailer unit. An emergency or main air supply line pressurizes the trailer's air tank and disengages the emergency brake, and a second service line controls the brake application during normal operation.

This avoids coupling errors causing no brakes plus the connections will not come apart if pulled by accident. The three electrical lines will fit one way around a primary black, a secondary green, and an ABS lead, all of which are collectively known as suzies or suzie coils. Another braking feature of semi-trucks is engine braking , which could be either a compression brake usually shortened to Jake brake or exhaust brake or combination of both.

However, the use of compression brake alone produces a loud and distinctive noise, and to control noise pollution , some local municipalities have prohibited or restricted the use of engine brake systems inside their jurisdictions, particularly in residential areas.

The advantage to using engine braking instead of conventional brakes is that a truck can descend a long grade without overheating its wheel brakes. Some vehicles can also be equipped with hydraulic or electric retarders which have an advantage of near silent operation. Because of the wide variety of loads the semi may carry, they usually have a manual transmission to allow the driver to have as much control as possible.

However, all truck manufacturers now offer automated manual transmissions manual gearboxes with automated gear change , as well as conventional hydraulic automatic transmissions.

Semi-truck transmissions can have as few as three forward speeds or as many as 18 forward speeds plus 2 reverse speeds. A large number of transmission ratios means the driver can operate the engine more efficiently.

Modern on-highway diesel engines are designed to provide maximum torque in a narrow RPM range usually RPM ; having more gear ratios means the driver can hold the engine in its optimum range regardless of road speed drive axle ratio must also be considered. A ten-speed manual transmission, for example, is controlled via a six-slot H-box pattern, similar to that in five-speed cars � five forward and one reverse gear.

A Super transmission, by contrast, has no range splitter; it uses alternating "stick and button" shifting stick shifts , button shifts The , , and speed transmissions have the same basic shift pattern but include a splitter button to enable additional ratios found in each range.

Some transmissions may have 12 speeds. Another difference between semi-trucks and cars is the way the clutch is set up. On an automobile , the clutch pedal is depressed full stroke to the floor for every gear shift, to ensure the gearbox is disengaged from the engine.

On a semi-truck with constant-mesh transmission non-synchronized , such as by the Eaton Roadranger series, not only is double-clutching required, but a clutch brake is required as well. The clutch brake stops the rotation of the gears and allows the truck to be put into gear without grinding when stationary. The clutch is pressed to the floor only to allow a smooth engagement of low gears when starting from a full stop; when the truck is moving, the clutch pedal is pressed only far enough to break torque for gear changes.

An electrical connection is made between the tractor and the trailer through a cable often referred to as a pigtail. This cable is a bundle of wires in a single casing. Each wire controls one of the electrical circuits on the trailer, such as running lights, brake lights, turn signals, etc. A straight cable would break when the rig went around corners, so a coiled cable is used which retracts these coils when not under tension.

It is these coils that cause the cable to look like a pigtail. Although dual wheels are the most common, use of two single, wider tires , known as super singles , on each axle is becoming popular among bulk cargo carriers and other weight-sensitive operators. With increased efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the use of the super-single tire is gaining popularity.

There are several advantages to this configuration. The first of these is that super singles reduce fuel consumption. These savings are realized because less energy is wasted flexing fewer tire sidewalls. Second, the lighter overall tire weight allows a truck to be loaded with more freight.

The third advantage is that the single wheel encloses less of the brake unit, which allows faster cooling and reduces brake fade. One of the major disadvantages of the super singles is that they are currently not as widely available as a standard tire. In addition, if a tire should become deflated or be destroyed, there is not another tire attached to the same hub to maintain the dynamic stability of the vehicle, as would be the case with dual wheels.

With dual wheels, the remaining tire may be overloaded, but it will typically allow the vehicle to be safely stopped or driven to a repair facility. In Europe, super singles became popular when the allowed weight of semitrailer rigs was increased from 38 to 40 tonnes.

The significantly lower axle weight on super singles must be considered when comparing road wear from single versus dual wheels. The majority of super singles sold in Europe have a width of mm The standard tires have a legal load limit of 4, kg 9, lb.

Note that expensive, specially reinforced tires approved for 5, kg 11, lb do exist. Their market share is tiny, except for mounting on the steer axle. An innovation rapidly growing in popularity is the skirted trailer.

The space between the road and the bottom of the trailer frame was traditionally left open until it was realized that the turbulent air swirling under the trailer is a major source of aerodynamic drag. Skirted trailers are often combined with Underrun Protection Systems underride guards , Small Flat Bottom Boat Trailer On greatly improving safety for passenger vehicles sharing the road.

Underride protection systems can be installed at the rear, front and sides of a truck and the rear and sides of a trailer.

A Rear Underrun Protection System RUPS is a rigid assembly hanging down from trailer's chassis, which is intended to provide some protection for passenger cars which collide with the rear of the trailer. Public awareness of this safeguard was increased in the aftermath of the accident that killed actress Jayne Mansfield on 29 June , when the car she was in hit the rear of a tractor-trailer, causing fatal head trauma.

The bottom rear of the trailer is near head level for an adult seated in a car, and without the underride guard, the only protection for such an adult's head in a rear-end collision would be the car's windshield and A pillars.

The front of the car goes under the platform of the trailer rather than making contact via the passenger car bumper , so the car's protective crush zone becomes irrelevant and air bags are ineffective in protecting the passengers. In addition to rear underride guards, truck tractor cabs may be equipped with a Front Underrun Protection System FUPS at the front bumper of the truck, if the front end is not low enough for the bumper to provide the adequate protection on its own.

These additional barriers prevent passenger cars from skidding underneath the trailer from the side, such as in an oblique or side collision , or if the trailer jackknifes across the road, and helps protect cyclists, pedestrians and other vulnerable road users.

In Europe, side and rear underrun protection are mandated on all lorries and trailers with a gross weight of 3, kilograms 7, lb or more. In addition to safety benefits, these underride guards may improve fuel mileage by reducing air turbulence under the trailer at highway speeds. Another benefit of having a sturdy rear underride guard is that it may be secured to a loading dock with a hook to prevent " trailer creep ", a movement of the trailer away from the dock, which opens up a dangerous gap during loading or unloading operations.

A special driver's license is required to operate various commercial vehicles. Truck drivers in Australia require an endorsed license. These endorsements are gained through training and experience. From licenses MR and upward there is also a B Condition which may apply to the license if testing in a synchromesh or automatic transmission vehicle.

The B Condition may be removed upon the driver proving the ability to drive a constant mesh transmission using the clutch.

Constant mesh transmission refers to crash box transmissions, predominantly Road Ranger eighteen-speed transmissions in Australia. Regulations vary by province. A license to operate a vehicle with air brakes is required i. In Ontario , a "Z" endorsement [42] is required to drive any vehicle using air brakes; in provinces other than Ontario, the "A" endorsement is for air brake operation only, and an "S" endorsement is for both operation and adjustment of air brakes.

Anyone holding a valid Ontario driver's license i.

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