Cornish cuisine encompasses the cooking styles, traditions and recipes associated with Cornwall and the Cornish people. It has been heavily influenced by the geography of the county as well as its social history. Cornwall, being a peninsula surrounded by seas historically well-stocked with fish, has meant that fish dishes form a major part of the historical and modern recipes in Cornwall. The fishing industry has played a major part in the economy of the county. The iconic dish of Cornwall, [1] the pasty , has its roots in another historical industry within the county, this being mining.
Cornwall has influenced and been influenced by other British cuisine , as well as having similarities with the cuisine of its neighbour in South West England, Devon. Certain Cornish food dishes have been granted protected geographical status under EU law , ensuring that they can only be labelled and marketed as "Cornish" if they are produced and mainly sourced within Cornwall. A major theme is the use of game foods as well as fish. A number of high-profile Cornish restaurants and hotels use game as part of their menu.
This is highlighted at the Cornwall Food and Drink festival by the Magnificent Seven Dinner, put on by seven of the best chefs in Cornwall. Larger commercial producers of characteristically Cornish products include the bakers, famously Warrens Bakery , and the creameries Davidstow Creamery and A.
Cornwall has a strong culinary heritage. Surrounded on three sides by the sea amid fertile fishing grounds, Cornwall naturally has fresh seafood readily available; Newlyn is the largest fishing port in the UK by value of fish landed. Traditional dishes in the Lizard Peninsula are described in a pamphlet published in These include breakfast of "gerty milk" bread and milk with tea or cocoa; pasties made of pastry, swede, potatoes, beef and onion; boiled beef; squab pie of apples, onions and salt pork; "scrowled pilchards" grilled over the fire on an iron plate ; and "heavy cake".
Nathan Outlaw opened a two-Michelin-star fish restaurant at Rock , which then transferred to Port Isaac. One famous local fish dish is stargazy pie , a fish-based pie in which the heads of the fish stick through the piecrust, as though "star-gazing".
The pie is cooked as part of traditional celebrations for Tom Bawcock's Eve. Cornwall is perhaps best known though for its pasties, a savoury baked dish made from pastry.
Today's pasties usually contain a filling of beef steak, onion, potato and swede with salt and white pepper, but historically pasties had a variety of different fillings.
For instance, the licky pasty contained mostly leeks , and the herb pasty contained watercress , parsley, and shallots. Historically, pasties were also often made with sweet fillings such as jam, apple and blackberry , plums or cherries. Squab pie is a traditional dish from South West England , with early records showing it was commonly eaten in Cornwall , Devon and Gloucestershire.
Although the name suggests it should contain squab young domestic pigeon , it in fact contains mutton and apples. The pie has become popular around the world, though outside South West England, it generally does contain pigeon. In recent times Ginsters bakery has become a large-scale producer of meat pies. The wet climate and relatively poor soil of Cornwall make it unsuitable for growing many arable crops. This forms the basis for many local specialities including Cornish fudge and Cornish ice cream.
Cornish clotted cream is protected under EU law, [13] and cannot be made anywhere else. Its principal manufacturer is Rodda's, based at Scorrier. Clotted cream is a principal ingredient of a Cornish cream tea. See also List of Cornish cheeses. In there were nearly 60 varieties of cheese produced in Cornwall, and Cornish cheeses have won many awards. St Erth was the site of a large creamery operated by United Dairies ; this was responsible for processing a large quantity of milk produced in Penwith.
Gevrik is a soft, full-fat goat's milk cheese produced in Trevarrian near Newquay. The name means "little goat" in Cornish.
Menallack and Nanterrow cheeses are made at Menallack Farm near Penryn. Cornish Yarg is a semi-hard cow's milk cheese made in Cornwall.
Before being left to mature, this cheese is carefully wrapped in nettle leaves to form an edible, though mouldy, rind. The texture varies from creamy and soft immediately under the nettle coating to a Caerphilly cheese -like crumbly texture in the middle.
Local cakes and desserts include saffron cake , heavy hevva cake similar to Welsh cakes , fairing biscuits, figgy 'obbin, [18] or fuggan , scones often served with jam and clotted cream and whortleberry pie. The Cornish Gilliflower is a variety of apple tree found at Truro in which was afterwards grown commercially.
Various fruit trees can be grown in Cornwall but it is not particularly suitable for this. Whortleberries and blackberries can be gathered in some rural areas and homegrown produce can be used for jam-making or puddings. The Cornish stove commonly known as the "slab" was found in most kitchens in west Cornwall.
These stoves were supplied by a number of foundries in the district and were made of cast iron with brass knobs. The ironwork was kept looking fine with blacklead. The doors to the firebox were either closed to heat the oven, or opened to provide a cheerful fire. Above the oven and firebox was the hotplate and some stoves had a built-in boiler to supply hot water.
Once a week the blackleading would be renewed and the brasswork would be polished. At that time several ranges by different makers were to be found at a house in St Agnes. A clome oven or cloam oven is a type of masonry oven. It has a removable door made of clay or alternatively a cast iron door, and was a standard fitting for most kitchen fireplaces in Cornwall and Devon. The oven would be built into the side of the chimney breast, often appearing as a round bulge in the chimney. This bulge consisted of the masonry surrounding the oven, and was intended to be dismantled should the oven ever need to be replaced.
During installation, they are surrounded by packed clay to prevent the actual oven cracking. As cast iron range cookers were brought into common use, it became standard practice to build a dividing wall to split the fireplace into two separate fireplaces, thus allowing access to the clome oven, as well as providing a space of the correct dimensions to fit a Cornish stove or similar.
Bricks were the most common building material for this task, since the installation of a Cornish stove required a brick flue to be built up the back of the fireplace. Many clome ovens were preserved in situ in this way. When large parts of Lanhydrock House were destroyed by fire in a new kitchen block was built next to the old house. It was unusual for a large Victorian kitchen to be housed in a new building like this.
The house has been a National Trust property since and is open to visitors. There are many types of beers brewed in Cornwall � those produced by Sharp's Brewery , Skinner's Brewery and St Austell Brewery are the best-known � including stouts , ales and other beer types.
There is some small scale production of wine, mead and cider. Spingo meaning strong beer in Old English is a generic name for a collection of beers brewed solely in the brewery of the Blue Anchor Inn in Coinage Hall Street, Helston. Cider was traditionally made for farmworkers and Cornwall has a wide selection of local apple varieties. Healey's Cornish Cyder Farm near Truro brews and sells its own cider, brandy and country fruit wine produced on site.
There are currently, at least 12 cider producers in Cornwall. Cornish food, like the Cornish pasty , is still popular amongst the Cornish Australian communities. Former premier of South Australia Don Dunstan once took part in a pasty-making contest. Swanky beer and saffron cake were very popular in the past and have been revitalised by Kernewek Lowender and the Cornish Associations.
In the s, Henry Madren Leggo, whose parents came from St Just, Cornwall, began making vinegar, pickles, sauces, cordials and other grocery goods based on his mother's traditional recipes. His company, now known as Leggo's, is wrongly believed by many to be Italian. A boutique brewery operation in South Australia, Copper Coast Wines, produces traditional Cornish Swanky beer, a bottle-conditioned beer, for the biennial Copper Coast region Kernewek Lowender Cornish Festival, [28] held in May in alternate odd numbered years.
The name "Swanky beer" appears to refer to a Cornish home brew. During the 19th century, many Cornish miners emigrated to the Copper Triangle region of South Australia to work in the copper mines at Moonta. They brought local traditions, such as Cornish pasties and home-brewed beer they termed "Swanky beer", [29] which was brewed from ingredients including malted barley, hops, yeast, brown sugar, ginger, raisins and soft rainwater.
It was put into beer Wooden Kitchens Cornwall Zip Code bottles with the tops tied down with twine and stored in the coolest place in the house until ready. Some aspects of Cornish American cuisine are derived from Cornwall. At Mineral Point, Wisconsin , it is claimed that authentic Cornish food, such as pasties and figgyhobbin, are served [30] and Cornish pasties are sold at ex-Cornish mining towns in America. The city of Grass Valley, California , holds St Piran's Day celebrations every year, which along with carol singing, includes a flag raising ceremony, games involving the Cornish pasty, and Cornish wrestling competitions.
In the State of Hidalgo in central Mexico, a local speciality originates from the Cornish pasty , called pastes , which was introduced by miners and workers from Cornwall who were contracted in the silver mining towns of Mineral del Monte and Pachuca.
The majority of migrants to this region came from what is now known as the Cornish "central mining district" of Camborne and Redruth. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Main article: Pasty. Cornwall portal. Retrieved 25 March Archived from the original on 25 February Retrieved 29 October The Objective One Partnership. Archived from the original on 14 July Retrieved 23 March Chester Chroniclee.
Retrieved 24 March Nathan Outlaw. Archived from the original on 8 March Retrieved 5 September Archived from the original on 11 October The Pasty Shop.
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