Other definitions may exclude parts of or even entire counties, or expand the boundaries to include neighboring counties that do not border the bay such as Santa Cruz and San Benito more often included in Central California or San Joaquin more often included in the Central Valley. Home to approximately 7. The larger federal classification, the combined statistical area of the region which includes fourteen counties, is the second-largest in California after the Greater Los Angeles area , the fifth-largest in the United States, and the 41st-largest urban area in the world with 9.
The earliest archaeological evidence of human settlements in the Bay Area dates back to �10, BC from shell mounds in the Coyote Hills. After Mexico established independence from Spain in , the region was briefly controlled by the Mexican government until the United States seized the territory in during the Mexican�American War. Soon after, discovery of gold in California attracted a flood of treasure seekers, many using ports in the Bay Area as an entry point. During the early years of California's statehood, state legislative business rotated between three locations in the Bay Area before a permanent state capital was established in Sacramento.
A major earthquake leveled the city of San Francisco and environs in , but the region quickly rebuilt in time to host the Panama-Pacific Exposition. Since then, the Bay Area has experienced numerous political, cultural Boating Maps Gold Coast 2018 and artistic movements, developing unique local genres in music and art and establishing itself as a hotbed of progressive politics. Despite its urban character, the San Francisco Bay is one of California's most ecologically important habitats, providing key ecosystem services such as filtering pollutants and sediments from the rivers, and supporting a number of endangered species.
In addition, the Bay is known for its stands of coast redwoods , many of which are protected in state and county parks. The region is also known for the complexity of its landforms, the result of millions of years of tectonic plate movements. Because the Bay Area is crossed by six major earthquake faults , the region is particularly exposed to hazards presented by large earthquakes.
The climate is temperate and generally very mild, and is ideal for outdoor recreational and athletic activities such as hiking.
The Bay Area is host to six professional sports teams and is a cultural center for music, theater, and the arts. It is also host to several institutions of higher education, including major research universities. Home to municipalities and nine counties, governance in the Bay Area involves numerous local and regional actors, often with broad and overlapping responsibilities. The borders of the San Francisco Bay Area are not officially delineated, and the unique development patterns influenced by the region's topography, as well as unusual commute patterns caused by the presence of three central cities and employment centers located in various suburban locales, has led to considerable disagreement between local and federal definitions of the area.
Various U. Federal government agencies use definitions that differ from their local counterparts' nine-county definition. Although geographically located on the tip of the San Francisco Peninsula, the city of San Francisco is not considered part of the "Peninsula" subregion, but as a separate entity. As one of the larger subregions, the East Bay includes a variety of enclaves, including the suburban Tri-Valley area and the highly urban western part of the subregion that runs alongside the bay.
Its eastern half, which runs alongside the Bay, is highly populated while its less populated western coast traces the coastline of the Pacific Ocean and is known for its open space and hiking trails. The western counties of Marin and Sonoma are encased by the Pacific Ocean on the west and the bay on the east, and are characterized by its mountainous and woody terrain.
Sonoma and Napa counties are known internationally for their grape vineyards and wineries , and Solano county to the east, centered around Vallejo , is the fastest growing region in the Bay Area. The earliest archaeological evidence of human habitation of the Bay Area dates to around 10, B. Coyote Hills Shell Mound along the shores of the bay, with evidence pointing to even earlier settlement in Point Reyes in Marin County.
In , James W. The Bay Area's population quickly emptied out as laborers, clerks, waiters, and servants joined the rush to find gold, and California's first newspaper, The Californian , was forced to announce a temporary freeze in new issues due to labor shortages.
As a result, numerous vigilante groups formed to provide order, but many tasked themselves with forcibly moving or killing local Native Americans , and by the end of the Gold Rush, two thirds of the indigenous population had been killed.
During this same time, a constitutional convention was called to determine California's application for statehood into the United States. After statehood was granted, the capital city moved between three cities in the Bay Area: San Jose � , Vallejo � , and Benicia � before permanently settling in Sacramento in Construction of the First Transcontinental Railroad from the Oakland Long Wharf attracted so many laborers from China that by , eight percent of San Francisco's population was of Asian origin.
In the early morning of April 18, , a large earthquake with an epicenter near the city of San Francisco hit the region. Army 's relief operations were deaths in San Francisco, 64 deaths in Santa Rosa , and in or near San Jose, for a total of about More recent studies estimate the total death count to be over 3,, with over 28, buildings destroyed.
Amadeo Peter Giannini , owner of the Bank of Italy now known as the Bank of America , had managed to retrieve the money from his bank's vaults before fires broke out through the city and was the only bank with liquid funds readily available and was instrumental in loaning out funds for rebuilding efforts. By , the city had been sufficiently rebuilt and advertised itself to the world during the Panama Pacific Exposition that year, although the effects of the quake hastened the loss of the region's dominant status in California to the Los Angeles metropolitan area.
During the stock market crash and subsequent economic depression , not a single San Francisco-based bank failed, [51] while the region attempted to spur job growth by simultaneously undertaking two large infrastructure projects: construction of the Golden Gate Bridge , which would connect San Francisco with Marin County , [52] and the Bay Bridge , which would connect San Francisco with Oakland and the East Bay.
Between and , San Francisco welcomed over , new residents, inland suburbs in the East Bay saw their populations double, Daly City 's population quadrupled, and Santa Clara 's population quintupled. By the early s, the Bay Area and the rest of Northern California became the center of the counterculture movement.
His students, including David Packard and William Hewlett , would later help usher in the region's high-tech revolution. In , in the middle of the World Series match between two Bay Area baseball teams, the Loma Prieta earthquake struck and caused widespread infrastructural damage, including the failure of the Bay Bridge , a major link between San Francisco and Oakland.
This bubble began collapsing in the early s and the industry continued contracting for the next few years, nearly wiping out the market. Companies like Amazon. Even as the growth of the technology sector transformed the region's economy, progressive politics continued to guide the region's political environment.
By the turn of the millennium, Non-Hispanic whites , the largest ethnic group in the United States, were only half of the population in the Bay Area as immigration among minority groups accelerated. In , an African-American man named Oscar Grant was fatally shot by Bay Area Rapid Transit police officers , precipitating widespread protests across the region and even riots in Oakland, [67] and whose name was symbolically tied to the Occupy Oakland protests two years later that sought to fight against social and economic inequality.
Following the Inauguration of Donald Trump as President of the United States in , the Bay Area became a center of resistance to his administration, beginning with widespread protests in concert with the nationwide Women's March a day later, [69] followed Gold Coast Boating Maps Usa by frequent public feuds between Trump and various Bay Area political, cultural, and business figures over issues of race and immigration.
On March 16, , in response to the COVID pandemic in the San Francisco Bay Area , all residents of six counties in the Bay Area were required by local health authorities to stay-at-home orders under a shelter in place order, the first such order issued in the United States.
Residents who were found outside and were not homeless, seeking emergency or health relief, or getting essential products such as food, were committing misdemeanors under to the order. The Bay Area was a hub of the Abstract Expressionism movement of painting.
It is associated with the works of Clyfford Still , who began teaching at the California School of Fine Arts now the San Francisco Art Institute in , leaving a lasting impact on the artistic styles of Bay Area painters up to the present day. Later, the Bay Area art movement would be heavily influenced by the counterculture movement in the s , and art produced during this time reflected the political environment. Pixar, based in Emeryville , produced the first fully computer animated feature film , Toy Story , with software it designed in-house and whose computer animation films have since garnered 26 Academy Awards and critical acclaim.
Throughout its recent history, Boating Maps Gold Coast Australia the Bay Area has been home to several musical movements that left lasting influences Gold Coast Boating Maps Email on the genres they affected. San Francisco, in particular, was the center of the counterculture movement in the s , which directly led to the rise of several notable musical acts: The Grateful Dead , which formed in , and Jefferson Airplane and Janis Joplin ; all three would be closely associated with the Summer of Love.
During the s and early s, the Bay Area became home to one of the largest and most influential thrash metal scenes in the world, with contributions from 3 of the "Big Four" of thrash metal, namely Metallica , Slayer , and Megadeth , and the emergence of the avant-garde metal with bands such as Giant Squid , Grayceon , and Ludicra.
According to the regional theater service organization Theatre Bay Area , the San Francisco Bay Area is the third largest center of activity for theater companies and actors in the United States, after the New York City and Chicago metropolitan areas , with companies spread throughout the region.
The Bay Area also has an active youth theater scene. The San Francisco Bay Area is the eighth-largest television market [99] and the fourth-largest radio market [] in the U. All major U. Bloomberg West , a show that focuses on topics pertaining to technology and business, was launched in from a studio in and continues to broadcast from San Francisco.
Public broadcasting outlets include both a television station and a radio station , both broadcasting under the call letters KQED from a facility near the Potrero Hill neighborhood. The San Francisco Examiner , once the cornerstone of William Randolph Hearst 's media empire and the home of Ambrose Bierce , declined in circulation over the years and now takes the form of a free daily tabloid, under new ownership.
The national newsmagazine Mother Jones is also based in San Francisco. In baseball , the Giants , who play at Oracle Park , [] have won eight World Series titles, three since relocating to San Francisco , , and from New York in Outside of major league sports, the Bay Area is home to eight minor league teams.
The Bay Area has an ideal climate for outdoor recreation, such that activities like hiking and cycling are popular among locals. Extensive public tennis facilities are available in Golden Gate Park and Dolores Park , as well as at smaller neighborhood courts throughout the city.
San Francisco residents have often ranked among the fittest in the U. The St. Non-Hispanic whites form majorities of the population in Marin , Napa , and Sonoma counties. San Francisco, Marin County [] and the Lamorinda area [] all have substantial Jewish communities. The Latino population is spread throughout the Bay Area, but among the nine counties, the greatest number live in Santa Clara County, while Contra Costa County sees the highest growth rate.
Mexican Americans make up the largest share of Hispanic residents in Napa county, [] while Central Americans make up the largest share in San Francisco, many of whom live in the Mission District which is home to many residents of Salvadoran and Guatemalan descent.
Daly City has the highest proportion of Asian-American residents The African-American population of San Francisco was formerly substantial, had a thriving jazz scene and was known as "Harlem of the West. Since the economy of the Bay Area heavily relies on innovation and high-tech skills, a greater, educated population exists in the region. Roughly However, discretionary income is very comparable with the rest of the country, primarily because the higher cost of living offsets the increased income.
By , the Bay Area's wealth gap was considerable: the top ten percent of income-earners took home over eleven times as much as the bottom ten percent, [] and a Brookings Institution study found the San Francisco metro area , which excludes four Bay Area counties, to be the third most unequal urban area in the country. Thirteen lived in San Francisco proper, placing it seventh among cities in the world. Statistics regarding crime rates in the Bay Area generally fall into two categories: violent crime and property crime.
Vallejo came in second, at 8. In , 45 Bay Area cities counted zero homicides, the largest of which was Daly City. In , Oakland also saw the highest rates of property crime in the Bay Area, at Five members of the Joe Boys gang were arrested and convicted of the crime. The three principal cities of the Bay Area represent different employment clusters and are dominated by different, but commingled, industries. San Francisco is home to the region's financial and business industry, tourism, and is host to numerous conventions.
The East Bay, centered around Oakland, is home to heavy industry, metalworking, oil, and shipping, while San Jose is the heart of Silicon Valley where a major pole of economic activity around the technology industry resides.
Furthermore, the North Bay is a major player in the country's agriculture and wine industry. Several major corporations are headquartered in the Bay Area. Among the Fortune companies located in the region include technology companies Google , Facebook , Apple Inc. Despite the San Francisco Bay Area's booming industries contributing to the aforementioned economic growth, there is a significant level of poverty in the region.
Rising housing prices and gentrification in the San Francisco Bay Area are often framed as symptomatic of high-income tech workers moving in to previously low-income, underserved neighborhoods. Two notable policy strategies to prevent eviction due to rising rents include rent control and subsidies such as Section 8 and Shelter Plus Care. This proved controversial, with some suggesting his rhetoric criminalized poverty, while others supporting the prioritizing of housing as a solution.
Contrary to historical patterns of low incomes within the inner city, poverty rates in the Bay Area are shifting such that they are increasing more rapidly in suburban areas than in urban areas.
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