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Answer: Sperm and ovum have 23 chromosomes each. What is a sex chromosome? Answer: The chromosomes which are associated with sex determination of an organism are called sex chromosomes. Which sex chromosomes are found in male and female human beings? Answer: Males have one X and one Y-chromosomes, whereas females have two X-chromosomes.
Who gave the theory of inheritance of acquired characters? Answer: Lamarck. Define mutation. Answer: Sudden changes in the genetic form of an organism which are passed on to the next generation are called mutations.
Mutations lead to variations in an organism. What are fossils? Answer: Fossils are the remains or impressions of the dead animals and plants that lived in the past. What is the significance of Archaeopteryx in evolution? Answer: Archaeopteryx provides evidence of evolution of birds from reptiles and its study shows that:.
Why are acquired characters not inheritable? Answer: Acquired characters are not inherited because they affect the somatic cells and these changes are not incorporated in the chromosomes of cells that will form germ cells.
What is genetic Ch 1 Maths Class 10 Mcq Questions And Answers drift? Answer: The elimination of the genes of certain traits when a section of a species population migrates or dies due to natural calamity. It alters the gene frequency of the remaining population. How do we know how old a fossil is? Answer: Age of fossils can be estimated by the depth of the layer of rocks in which they are found.
Age of fossils can also be detected from the ratio of isotopes in the fossils containing rocks. What is organic evolution? Answer: Evolution is the sequence of gradual changes of the living organisms, which takes place in the primitive organisms over millions of years resulting in the formation of new species. What are the basic events in evolution? Answer: A gradual genetic change in a group of living beings to produce new forms brought about by changes in DNA during reproduction are the basic events in evolution.
When a cell reproduces, what happens to its DNA? Answer: When a cell reproduces, copy of DNA is created. Newly formed DNA copies may not be identical at times. Give one reason. Why is variation important for a species? Answer: Variation is important for species to survive. Why offsprings differ from parents in certain characters? Answer: It is due to biparental percentage.
The genes on chromosomes which pass over to the next generation is partly derived from both the parents mother and father. During fertilisation of egg by the sperm, new combination of chromosomes enter the zygote, due to which certain variations occur in the offsprings.
Thus, brothers and sisters show variations in their complexion habits and behaviour. What are the causes of variations? Answer: Following are the causes of variations:.
Give the pair of contrasting traits of the following characters in pea plant and mention which is dominant and recessive i yellow seed, ii round seed Answer: i. What is the contribution of Mendel to genetics? Answer: Mendel observed the occurrence of contrasting characters of garden pea in various generations.
On this basis, he interpreted that these contrasting characters are controlled by factors. Factors are carriers of hereditary information. Now, factors are known as genes�. Do genetic combination of mothers play a significant role in determining the sex of a newborn? Answer: No, because mothers have a pair of X-chromosomes. How does use and disuse of an organ help in evolution of a new species? Answer: According to Lamarck, those organs which are used regularly become strong and more developed.
On the other hand, those organs which are not used regularly become weak and degenerate. Such characters are inherited to the offsprings and so on. In the due course of time, such characters become permanent in later generations and become quite different from their ancestors, resulting in the formation of a new species.
Question 7. A very small population of a species faces a greater threat of extinction than a larger population. Provide a suitable genetic explanation. Answer: Fewer individuals in a species impose extensive inbreeding among them. This limits the appearance of variations and puts the species at a disadvantage it there are changes in the environment. Since the individuals fail to cope up with the environmental changes, they may become extinct.
Does the occurrence of diversity of animals on earth suggest their diverse ancestry also? Discuss this point in the light of evolution. Answer: Though animals have a vast diversity in structures they probably do not have a common ancestry, because common ancestry may greatly limit the extent of diversity.
As many of these diverse animals are inhabiting the same habitat, their evolution by geographical isolation and speciation is also not likely. Thus, a common ancestry for all the animals is not the likely theory. All the human races like Africans, Asians, Europeans, Americans and others might have evolved from a common ancestor. Provide a few evidences in support of this view.
Answer: All human races have evolved from a common ancestor because everybody has:. A change in DNA that is useful for one property to start with, can become useful later for a different function. For example, feathers in birds, a character developed and selected during natural selection for providing insulation in cold weather, became useful in later stages for flight. Some dinosaurs had feathers, but they could not fly. Birds later adapted the feathers to fly.
List two differences in tabular form between Ch 3 Maths Class 10 Extra Questions Words dominant trait and recessive trait. How many pairs of chromosomes are present in human beings? Out of these how many are sex chromosomes? How many types of sex chromosomes are found in human beings? Answer: 23 pairs of chromosomes are present in human beings. One pair of these are sex chromosomes. Two types of sex chromosomes are there: XX and XY. What is DNA copying?
State its importance. Or With the help of two suitable examples, explain why certain experiences and traits earned by people during their lifetime are not passed on to their next generations.
When can such traits be passed on? Answer: We acquire knowledge and skills in our lifetime such as learing dance, music, physical fitness, etc. But these skills cannot be passed to our progenies because:. Explain the statement by giving example for each strategy. Answer: Environmental cure: In some animals, the temperature at which fertilised eggs are kept determines whether the developing animal in egg is male or female.
In some animals like snail, individual can change sex. List the two types of reproduction. Which one of the two is responsible for bringing in more variations in its progeny and how?
Answer: The two types of reproduction are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction is responsible for bringing in more variations because of the process of DNA copying which may result in some error in it. Also, it involves fusion of male and female gametes from two different parents.
How do variations occur in an offspring? Answer: Dissimilarities between members of the same species is called variations. Two offsprings of the same parents show certain variations. Variations occur due to sex chromosomes. Variations arising in germplasm genes of the organism are heritable. Mother and father contribute to the gene pattern of the offsprings through their chromosomes, in which recombination Ch 7 Maths Class 10 Extra Questions Usage occurs at the time of gametogenesis.
In zygote formation, gene pattern of both parents come together, that causes some variations between parents and offsprings and amongst offsprings also.
Why is variation beneficial to the species but not necessary for the individual? Answer: The importance of variation in organism introduced during reproduction is that it helps the species of various organisms to survive and flourish even in adverse environment.
If all the organisms of a population living in that habitat are exactly identical, then there is a danger that all of them may die and no one would survive under those conditions. This will eliminate the species from the habitat completely. However, if some variations are present in some individual organism to tolerate excessive heat or cold, then ther is a chance for them to survive and flourish even in adverse excessive heat or cold.
Thus, variation is useful for the survival of a species over time. What is speciation? List four factors responsible for speciation. Answer: Speciation is the formation of new species from the pre-existing population. Factors responsible for speciation:. List in tabular form, two distinguishing features between the acquired traits and the inherited traits with one example of each. Or List three distinguishing features, in tabular form, between acquired traits and the inherited traits.
Or Distinguish between the acquired traits and the inherited traits in tabular form, giving one example for each Or Differentiate between inherited and acquired characters.
Give one example for each type. In one of his experiments with pea plants Mendel observed that when a pure tall pea plant is crossed with a pure dwarf pea plant, in the first generation, F, only tall plants appear.
Why it happened? Explain briefly. Answer: a The dwarf traits of the plants is not expressed in the presence of the dominant tall trait. This showed that the traits for tallness and dwarfness are present in the F, generation, but the dwarfness, being the recessive trait does not express itself in the presence of tallness, the dominant trait.
What do you mean by sex chromosomes? Explain the process of sex-deter mination in man. Answer: Sex-Determination: A Person can have either a male sex or female sex, The process by which sex of a new born individual is determined is called sex-determination.
In human beings, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, out of which 22 pairs are auto somes and one pair is Sex Chromosomes. A male has one x and one y chromosome and female has two X-chromosomes. Mention the total number of chromosomes along with th sex chromosomes that are present in a human female and a human male.
Explain how is sexually producing organisms the number of chromosomes in the progeny remains the same as that of the parents. Answer: Human male has 22 pairs of chromosomes along with XY sex chromosome. Human female has 22 pairs of chromosomes along with XX sex chromosomes. The original number of chromosomes the amount of DNA becomes half during gamete formation. When the gametes fuse, the original number of chromosomes the amount of DNA is restored in the progeny. Justify this statement.
Answer: Different forms of organisms have evolved during the course of evolution. Classification deals with grouping of these organisms into groups and subgroups based on their similarities and differences. The more characteristics any two species have in common more closely they are related. In other words, they will have a more recent ancestor. Thus, classification helps is tracing the evolutionary relationships between the two organisms. Hence classification and evolution are interlinked.
Explain the following: a Speciation, b Natural Selection. Answer: a The process by which new species Ch 8 Maths Class 10 Extra Questions Youtube develop from the existing species is known as speciation. The factors which could lead to speciation are: i Geographical isolation of population caused by various types of barriers such as mountain ranges, rivers and seas.
This leads to reproductive isolation because of which there is no flow of genes between separated groups of the population. Their offsprings are also better developed and adapted to the environment. Whereas one who are less adapted to the environment may die. Thus, nature selects better-adapted organisms. This is called natural selection of the well-adapted, better-developed individuals of species.
Answer: Natural selection is defined as the change in frequency of some genes in a population, which gives survival advantage to a species. Whereas speciation is the development of a new species from pre-existing ones.
This leads to a sequence of gradual change in the primitive organisms over millions of years, to form newer species which are very different from older ones. This is called evolution. Give the two ways by which age of the fossils can be estimated? Answer: Fossils are the remains of the organisms that once existed on earth, i.
They provide evidence of evolution by revealing the characteristics of the past organisms and the changes that have occurred in these organisms to give rise to the present organisms. Two ways of determining age of fossils are:. Can we group eyes of these animals together to establish a common evolutionary origin?
Justify your answer. State evidence to prove the statement. Answer: i No we can not group them together because the structure of the eye in each of the organisms is different. Later they evolved and adapted feathers for flights, thus becoming the ancestors of present-day birds. Mention three important features of fossils which help in the study of evolution. Explain analogous organs and homologous organs.
Identify the analogous and homologous organs amongst the following: Wings of an insect, wings of a bat, forelimbs of frog, forelimbs of a human. Answer: Analogous organs are those organs which have different structural designs and origin but perform similar functions. Homologous organs are those which have the same basic structural design and origin but perform different functions.
Analogous organs: Wings of an insect, wings of a bat. Homologous organs: Forelimbs of a frog, forelimbs of a human. Explain with the help of an example each, how the following provide evidences in favour of evolution: a Homologous organs b Analogous organs c Fossils Answer: a Homologous organs. The study of these organs suggests that these organisms with organs having same structure but performing different functions have evolved from a common ancestor, e.
The study of these apparently similar organs suggests that the organisms with apparently similar organs do not share common ancestory. Similarity in these organs is superficial or design and the structure of these organs are very different, e. They provide the missing link between the species, e. Describe the contribution of Lamarck. Answer: The gradual unfolding of organisms from pre-existing organisms through changes since the beginning of life is called evolution.
The theory proposed by J. Lamarck is known as the theory of inheritance of acquired characters. According to this theory, the use and disuse of an organ leads to acquiring of change in that organ. These changes or variations can be passed on from one generation to the next but this idea of inheritance of acquired characters was soon discarded. Or How did Mendel explain that it is possible that a trait is inherited but not expressed in an organism?
Sometimes a concept in maths becomes clear only after the student has solved practical questions based on it. The important questions of chapter 13 will clear all the doubts of the students and help strengthen their basics about the topic surface area and volumes. These important questions will not only help the students in the class 10 board exams but also in their class tests. When students are trying to solve maths questions, they can derive the answer but do not provide all the necessary steps that must be written in the exam to score good marks.
With the help of the solutions to these important questions, students will not miss out on any steps while solving the questions. Chapter 13 class 10 Maths helps the students understand concepts related to the topic surface area and volumes of different shapes. It also covers the conversion of a solid from one shape to another and finding the surface area and volume of this new shape. The important questions compiled by Vedantu cover:.
Introduction to surface area and volumes. Surface area of a combination of solids. Volume of a combination of solids. Conversion of a solid from one shape to another shape. Frustum of a cone. Sometimes a complex solid figure is made up of a combination of two or more basic solid figures.
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