Autonomy: A region or territory to govern itself independently. It includes those subjects which are of common interest to both the Central and State Governments such as education, forest, marriage, adoption and succession and trade unions. Both the Central and State governments can Class 10th Ncert Federalism Edu make decisions on these matters.
Gram Sabha: The body for the supervision of Gram Panchayats. It includes India, Spain and Belgium. Its capital is New Delhi.
Under this policy, besides Hindi, 21 other languages are recognised as Scheduled Languages by the Constitution. Linguistic States: India is a multilingual country where people speak different languages. After independence, some states were created on the basis of the languages people used to speak. These are known as linguistic states.
Residuary Subjects: Matters which are not included in any Class 10th Ncert Federalism Korea of the three lists are known as residuary subjects and the right to make laws on these subjects is called residuary power. The central government the Parliament has been given rights to legislate on these subjects. New subjects such as computer software that came up after the Constitution was made come under residuary subjects. It has three levels � Gram village , Tehsil block and Zila District.
It includes matters of state level importance. The State Government alone can make decisions on these areas. They include matters such as police, trade, agriculture, commerce and irrigation.
Tier System: It is the system which signifies levels of government. It may be two levels two tiers and three levels three tiers. Union List : It includes 97 subjects of national importance. The Central Government alone can make decisions on these matters such as defence of the nation, foreign affairs, finance and communication.
For example, Chandigarh, Lakshadweep, etc. Unitary System: It is a system of government in which either there is only one level of government or the subunits are subordinate to the Central Government.
Such changes require the consent of both the levels of government. The highest court acts as an umpire if disputes arise between different levels of government in the exercise of their respective powers. This ensures the spirit of federalism, respect for diversity and desire for living together. Steps taken by India towards making it a federation :. Holding Together Federation :. The three-fold distribution of legislative power between the Union Government and State Governments of India :.
It includes subjects of national importance such as defence of the country, foreign affairs, banking, communication and currency. It contains subjects of state and local importance such as police, trade, commerce, agriculture and irrigation.
It includes subjects of common interest to both the Central and State Governments includes matters such as education, forest, trade unions, marriage, adoption and succession. Three-tier system means three levels of government. The Indian Constitution was originally provided for a two-tier system of government :. Every level enjoys separate jurisdiction. Amendment in Indian Constitution in A federation is preferred because :.
The three-fold distribution of legislative powers between the Union Government and State Governments of India. Challenges which India face before the are :. Significance of decentralisation or decentralisation as means to minimise the conflicts.
The nature of sharing varies from state to state. Decentralisation : When power is taken from the central and state governments and is given to local government, it is called decentralisation.
Provisions of the Constitutional Amendment of are :. Advantages of Decentralisation :. People have better knowledge of problems in their localities. Most of the members are elected and headed by a chairperson. A few Gram Panchayats are grouped together to form this government body. The president is called Sarpanch.
It is the decision-making body for the entire village. Gram Sabha: A body comprising of all adult members of a village or a group of villages. Federalism has succeeded in India due to the nature of democratic policies in our country. The local government includes Panchayats in villages and municipalities in urban areas. India has three levels.
It applies to India also. India became a Union of States because it consisted of both British- ruled territories as well as many princely states.
Some sub-political units of India have a special status because:. They were made Union Territories. University and has many years of experience in teaching. She has started this educational website with Class 10th Ncert Federalism Yahoo Finance the mindset of spreading Free Education to everyone. Your email address will not be published. Comments Love these notes! Please make notes of other chapters of Social Science too! Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not be published.
Unitary Government. Federal Government. It has only one level of government. It has two or more levels of government. In this the sub-units are subordinate to the centre. The sub-units are subordinate to the centre,.
The centre can order the sub-units. The centre can not order the sub units.
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