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Students were already introduced to the concept of Triangles in Class 9 wherein they studied properties such as congruence of Triangles. The introduction part of the chapter basically acts as a window for the students so that they are able to get an insight as to what would they be learning new under the topic of Triangles. In this section of the Class 10 Maths Chapter 6, students are introduced to the concept of similar figures.
Students are taught the basis of similarity in figures such as squares or equilateral triangles with the same lengths of the sides, circles with the same radii. As the students progress through this topic, they get to understand that similar figures can have the same shape but not necessarily the exact size. The questions from this topic mostly ask students to prove similarity between figures by applying the theorems. Once the students are made familiar with the concept of similarity, they are then introduced to the criteria under which two or more triangles are deemed similar.
A thorough understanding of this topic will allow students to form the base for solving complex problems in higher mathematics.
This section outlines and explains the criteria for the similarity of triangles. The basic criteria for two triangles to be called similar include: if their corresponding angles are equal and if the corresponding sides of the triangles are in the same ratio or proportion.
Students will be able to visualise the theorems as they are illustrated with the help of proper examples. Students can understand the formula and learn the process for finding the surface area of similar triangles in this section. Question 2 What are the different ways in which glucose is oxidised to provide energy in various organisms?
Answer: First step of breakdown of glucose 6 carbon molecules takes place in the cytoplasm of cells of all organisms. This process yields a three carbon molecule compound called pyruvate. Further break down of pyruvate takes place in different ways in different organisms.
The release of energy in aerobic respiration is much more than in anaerobic respiration. Formation of lactic acid in muscles causes cramp. Question 3 How is oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in human beings? Answer: i Transport of oxygen : Haemoglobin present in the blood takes up the oxygen from the air in the lungs. It carries the oxygen to tissues which are deficient in oxygen before releasing it. Therefore, it is mostly transported from body tissues in the dissolved form in our blood plasma to lungs.
Here it diffuses from blood to air in the lungs. Question 4 How are the lungs designed in human beings to maximise Ncert Solutions Class 10th Maths Chapter 12 Key the area for exchange of gases? Answer: Within the lungs, the air passage divides into smaller and smaller tubes, called bronchi which in turn form bronchioles. The bronchioles terminate in balloon-like structures, called alveoli.
The alveoli present in the lungs provide maximum surface for exchange of gases. The alveoli have vary thin walls and contain an extensive network of blood vessels to facilitate exchange of gases.
Question 1 What are the components of the transport system in human beings? What are the functions of these components? Answer: The transport system circulatory system in human beings mainly consists of heart, blood and blood vessels.
It receives purified blood from lungs and pumps it around the body. It also protects the body from diseases and regulates the body temperature. Question 2 Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in mammals and birds? Answer: Separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood allows good supply of oxygen to the body. This system is useful in animals that have high energy requirement. Mammals and birds constantly need oxygen to get energy to maintain their body temperature constant.
Question 3 What are the components of the transport system in highly organised plants? Answer: In highly organised plants there are two conducting tissues xylem and phloem. Xylem consists of vessels, tracheids and other xylem tissues. The interconnected vessels and tracheids form a continuous system of water conducting channels reaching all parts of the plant. Xylem carries water and minerals. Phloem conducts soluble products of photosynthesis from leaves to different parts of the plant body.
Question 4 How are water and minerals transport in plants? The root hair are directly in contact with the film of water in between the soil particles. Water and dissolved minerals get into the root hair by the process of diffusion. The water and minerals absorbed by the root hair from the soil pass from cell to cell by osmosis through the epidermis, root cortex, endodermis and reach the root xylem.
The xylem vessels of the root of the plant are connected to the xylem vessels of its stem. Therefore the water containing dissolved minerals enters the root xylem vessels into stem xylem vessels. The xylem vessels of the stem branch into the leaves of the plants. So, the water and minerals carried by the xylem vessels in the stem reach the leaves through the branched xylem vessels which enter from the petiole stalk of the leaf into each and every part of the leaf.
Thus the water and minerals from the soil reach through the root and stem to the leaves of the plants. Evaporation of water molecules from the cells of a leaf creates a suction which pulls water from the xylem cells of roots. The loss of water in the form of vapour from the aerial parts of the plant is known as transpiration. Question 5 How is food transported in plants? Answer: The movement of food in phloem or translocation takes place by utilizing energy.
The sugar food made in leaves is loaded into the sieve tubes of phloem tissue by using energy from ATR Water now enters the sieve tubes containing sugar by the process of osmosis due to which the pressure in the phloem tissue rises. This high pressure produced in the phloem tissue moves the food to all parts of the plant having less pressure in their tissues.
This allows the phloem to transport food according to the needs of the plant. Question 1 Describe the structure and functions of nephrons. Answer: Structure of nephron : Each nephron is composed of two parts. One end of the glomerulus is attached to the renal artery which brings the impure blood containing the urea waste into it. These impurities are filtered. The other part of the nephron is coiled. In this part, the substances like sugar glucose , amino acid, ions and excess water which are required by the body, are reabsorbed.
The substance remained in the nephron is mainly urine containing dissolved urea in water which is expelled from the body through urethra from time to time. The filtrate passes into the tubular part of the nephron. This filtrate contains glucose, amino acids, urea, uric acid, salts and water. Reabsorption : As the filtrate flows along the tubule, useful substances such as glucose, amino acids, salts and water are selectively reabsorbed into the blood by capillaries surrounding the nephron tubule.
Urine : The filtrate which remained after reabsorption is called urine. Urine contains dissolved nitrogenous waste like urea and uric acid, excess salts and water.
Urine is collected from nephrons to carry it to the ureter from where it passes into urinary bladder. Question 2 What are the methods used by plants to get rid of excretory products?
Answer: i The plants get rid of gaseous products-through stomata in leaves and lenticels in stems. Question 3 How is the amount of urine produced regulated? Answer: The amount of urine is regulated by kidney. It depends on the quantity of excess water and wastes dissolved in water. When water is less in quantity in the body tissues, a small quantity of concentrate urine is excreted. When there is more quantity of dissolved wastes in the body, more quantity of water is Ncert Solutions For Class 10th Geography Chapter 7 Key required to excrete them.
Therefore, Ncert Solutions Of Class 10th Maths Chapter 1 Exercise 1.2 Key the amount of urine produced increases. Question 1 The kidneys in human beings are a part of the system for i nutrition ii respiration iii excretion iv transportation Answer: iii Excretion. Question 2 The xylem in plants are responsible for i transport of water ii transport of food iii transport of amino acids iv transport of oxygen Answer: i Transport of water.
Question 3 The autotrophic mode of nutrition requires i carbon dioxide and water ii chlorophyll iii sunlight iv all of the above Answer: iv All of the above. Question 4 The breakdown of pyruvate to give carbon dioxide, water and energy takes place in i cytoplasm ii mitochondria iii chloroplast iv nucleus Answer: ii Mitochondria.
Question 5 How are fats digested in our bodies? Where does this process take place? Answer: Digestion of fats takes place in the small intestine. Bile juice secreted by the liver poured in the intestine along with pancreatic juice. The bile salts present in the bile juice emulsify fhe large globules of fats.
Therefore, by enulsification large globules break down into fine globules to provide larger surface area to act upon by the enzymes. Lipase enzyme present in the pancreatic juice causes break down of emulsified fats. Glands present in the wall of small intestine secrete intestinal juice which contains lipase enzyme that converts fats into fatty acids and glycerol. Question 6 What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food? Answer: Saliva contains salivary amylase enzyme that breaks down starch into sugars like maltose.
Saliva keeps the mouth cavity clean and moistens the food that help in chewing and breaking down the big pieces of food into smaller ones. Question 7 What are the necessary conditions or autotrophic nutrition and what are its by-products? Answer: Necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition : i Presence of chlorophyll in the living cells. By-product of auto tropic nutrition is oxygen.
Question 8 What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Name some organisms that use the anaerobic mode of respiration. Question 9 How are the alveoli designed to maximise the exchange of gases? Answer: i The alveoli are thin walled and richly supplied with a network of blood vessels to facilitate exchange of gases between blood and the air filled in alveoli.
Hence, provide maximum surface for exchange of gases. Question 10 What would be the consequences of a deficiency of haemoglobin in our bodies?
Answer: Due to the deficiency of haemoglobin in blood, its oxygen carrying capacity decreases. As a result the production of energy by oxidation will become slower. Therefore, one would fall sick and would feel fatigue most of the time. Question 11 Describe double circulation in human beings. Why is it necessary? Answer: In our heart blood enters twice and also pumped out twice from the heart. The deoxygenated blood from the body is brought to the right atrium through vena cava from where it is sent to right ventricle.
From right ventricle, the blood is pumped to the lungs for oxygenation through pulmonary artery. The oxygenated blood from lungs again enters the left atrium of the heart through pulmonary veins.
From left atrium it is send to left ventricle, from where this oxygenated blood is pumped to different parts of body through the arteries.
Necessity of double circulation: The right side and the left side of the human heart are useful to keep deoxygenated and oxygenated blood from mixing. This type of separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood ensures a highly efficient supply of oxygen to the body.
This is useful in case of humans who constantly need energy to maintain their body temperature. Students are provided here with an opportunity to use these materials for free while doing the preparation for the 10th board exam. As we already know, grade 10th is important for all the academic students.
The marks obtained in this board exam have an impact on students forthcoming education life. Therefore, it is necessary for them to secure excellent marks in the final exams. Based on these marks they could decide to select their subject of interest in 11th standard. Also, many students decides to get a job after 10th and many attempts to get colleges for diploma or inter studies.
Therefore, LearnCBSE is trying to make the students prepared for all phase of the exams and get passed with flying numbers in 10th standard.
Student can solve complex problems with the help of solutions, where the best and easy methods are given to explain the concepts. Also, revision notes will help them to have a quick look on all the topics while preparing for examinations. Do Indians Get Enough Sleep? Laughter � The Best Medicine C. The World of Sports E. My struggle for an Education B.
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