Diy Canoe Building Plans Meaning

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Before every flight there's a briefing where the crew are asked questions on first-aid and safety. Those who claim that working in such a job makes you look much older than you really are have a point. I also think this job ages you. On flights to New York I'm on board from in the afternoon until 25 nearly midnight our time.

I have to drink eight pints of water per flight to prevent my body from dehydrating, but it is nearly impossible to consume that much. So my skin is probably suffering.

But I think these are minor disadvantages. When we get to New York it's only pm American time and we usually go out and have a party! I get at least eight days off every month, so it doesn't feel like most other fulltime jobs.

I get four weeks holiday a year, three of which have to be in the winter. It's a sociable job on board and off. There are only crew members in total so there is a close relationship among us. When people leave Virgin to work for other airlines they often miss the intimacy of a small company and come back.

But although the social life with Virgin is fabulous, outside it is non-existent. Friends and family know my time off is precious, but even at home I'm sometimes on standby. Happily, my boyfriend works for Virgin too, and we choose to work a 'married roster' which means we fly together all the time. It's either this or taking the chance of bumping into each other once in a while. If something 'ages' line 23 you, it.

Dehydrate line 26 is to. Line 4 1 , 'intimacy' is. Bump into line 48 means. The main aim of the training course is to. Which of the following is not correct? Debbie can fly cheaply on any airline. Twisting and turning in search of a comfortable position in bed makes your body do the opposite of what it is supposed to do at night.

Instead of slowing down, your heartbeat 5 races. Instead of relaxing, your muscles twitch. You watch the clock and wonder what you're doing wrong. Ten million people in the United States alone are seeking medical help for chronic insomnia - difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep.

For years it has been called a symptom of a number of 10 psychological problems, such as depression, that somehow alter the body's sleep pattern. Sleep specialists agree that psychological problems are a cause of insomnia, but also say bad habits can have the same effect. These include too little daytime activity and, ironically, its opposite, too much exercise. They take things hard, feel they haven't lived "the right kind of life," and are nervous and tense.

Psychiatrists say insomniacs share another trait. Thomas Coates of the University of California says, "another characteristic common to insomniacs is that they spend an excessive amount of time thinking 25 about sleep.

He thinks their relative inactivity during the day may alter the body's "clock. He tells them to rise at the same time each day, even after a night of poor sleep. If it is too strenuous, especially just before bedtime, it can drive your pulse too high, causing a restless night.

Joyce and Kales use moderate afternoon exercise, along with methods such as psychotherapy to treat severe insomniacs.

What is the best tiling to do on occasional sleepless nights? Forget 40 sleeping pills. They can actually cause insomnia after three days, by altering the brain's chemistry. Watson recommends drinking milk or eating cheese or tuna, because they are rich in natural sleep-producing aids. Warming it won't make any difference, but it will help you relax.

Line 22, 'trait' means. Line 35, 'strenuous' means. According to Robert Watson, is a bad habit of insomniacs. Experts do not recommend sleeping pills as they. In this model, there are three main systems in the body. The first two of these are the circulatory and nervous systems as in the western view but, additionally, there is a sort of energy movement.

One is outward moving and the other is inward moving. When an outward movement reaches its limit, it changes direction and starts to move inwards. The operation is like a pump, and this constant pumping movement may be seen in almost every form of life - the human heart, for example. Understanding this idea of energy movement is important when looking at the theory behind Chinese Acupuncture.

In this theory. Inward moving energy tends to increase activity and the other produces calm. The health of the body depends on the balance between the two. If this balance is disturbed, diseases occur. Each one of these is connected to a different part of the body and has a different function.

Diseases also occur when a meridian is blocked. To help unblock energy channels, doctors place needles in different parts of the body, 25 but to cure the disease the needles have to be placed in the right place and have the right depth.

The earliest acupuncture needles were made of stone. These would have been used when the first books were written about acupuncture 4, years ago. The Chinese later used needles made of bone and 30 then of different metals such as iron and silver. Today, they are made of steel. The Chinese first believed that the needle itself cured the disease. However, this was before it was discovered that there are certain points along the meridians which are connected to various parts of the 35 body, such as the stomach and the heart.

There are over different needle points in the body. When the acupuncture points 40 have been found, needles are placed in the skin at various depths. They are then left there for different periods of time, which might be as short as a few seconds. A major recent development has been the use of acupuncture in medical operations. In such cases, it is used instead of anaesthetics, in 45 order to take away the pain felt by the patient.

In China today, this use of acupuncture is extremely common in both major and minor operations, even operations on the heart. In the East there are nearly three million doctors who regularly use acupuncture. It is taught in several Russian universities. And even in 50 Europe and America there are thousands of doctors who have now learnt how to use acupuncture. The West, however, uses only one part of the technique intensively; that is, the use of needles to relieve pain during operations.

These' line 27 : 8. According to the Chinese, the energy movement in the body can be observed in the working of the human heart. Knowing about the energy movement in the body is necessary to understand how acupuncture works.

The life force in the theory of acupuncture refers to the balanced movement of energy in the human body. The outward moving energy in the human body makes a person very active. Energy channels in the body are called meridians when they are blocked. A doctor visiting the house in answer to an emergency call discovered the most bizarre collection of animals who share the house with Maisie.

While 5 the ambulance was speeding to the local hospital with year-old Maisie, a team of RSPCA vets and Edinburgh zoo-keepers were trying to solve the problem of who would look after Maisie's pets during her stay in hospital.

John Mclnnes, the Head Keeper at Edinburgh Zoo, had this to say: 10 'I have never seen so many different kinds of animals in anybody's home. I am staggered that anyone could look after so many creatures, especially at the age of 83! Maisie has done a wonderful job and none of the animals has been neglected in any way.

It's unusual to find such placid animals as these. They live mainly on the ground floor. The rest of the house is huge. There seems to be something different in every room. I think we will have to consider the possibility of fostering many of them with families around Glasgow! The others can be taken to the zoo. A goat and several families of rabbits shared a room on the first floor.

The bathroom had been taken over by a pair of mallard ducks and a Canada goose, a giant fish tank in another bedroom housed a collection of terrapins and salamanders.

Yet another fish tank held a 30 pair of baby alligators. But the top floor was the most surprising of all. A fully grown tiger was living in the attic! However, the zoo-keepers reported that it was as tame as a kitten and they had no trouble persuading it to get into the van to go to the zoo.

From her hospital bed Maisie, suffering from a broken hip, said, 35 "My animals are my whole life. I was cleaning out Rajah the tiger's room this morning when he got too playful and knocked me down. I managed to drag myself out and called one of the dogs. I often send him to the post office with a note to get things for me, so this time I sent him with a note asking for help.

Everyone has been so kind, but 40 I'm terribly worried about my pets. In , at the age of 47, the already accomplished artist made her 5 first Amazon expedition to observe, collect and paint the flowers of the region.

Thus began a series of 15 expeditions, the last of which was in May of , successfully to fulfill her dream to paint the flowers of the rare moonflower cactus that grows along the Rio Negro and flowers for only one night a year.

She experienced many hardships and deprivations on expeditions but always returned full of enthusiasm and with many notebooks and sketches, as well as plant specimens to grow carefully in her home in 15 Rio de Janeiro until thev produced flowers to paint. She was one of the greatest women explorers of this century.

She became known beyond the botanical community and Brazil when, in , she published a beautiful folio book of her paintings entitled 'Flowers of the Brazilian Forests' to be followed by another in , 20 'Flowers of the Amazon'. Her paintings are distributed around the world in botanical institutions, private and public collections. She fell in love with the Amazon ecosystem as she studied and painted its flora.

However, the period during which she worked coincided with the time when the Amazon rain forest was being 25 destroyed. Consequently, Margaret Mee became ont of the leading defenders of rain forests and her recent lectures always had a strong conservation message, born out of a deep understanding of the complex ecosystem. Margaret Mee is 47 years old. The purpose of Mee's last expedition to the Amazon was to protect the nature.

Mee didn't have any difficulties on expeditions. Why is it so difficult to paint the flowers of the rare moonflower cactus? Why did Margaret Mee collect plant specimens?

What was happening to the rain forests while Ma rgaret Mee was working in the Amazon? In many developing countries, millions of children die from 5 malnutrition and disease before they even reach adulthood. For those who survive, life is cruelly hard. They live in the most basic kind of hut. Their water for drinking, washing and cooking comes from the local river or stream. They have to work from dawn till dusk, almost from the time they can walk.

And for much of the year they go 10 hungry. Worse still, they lack the opportunity to improve their lives because there is no education or training in practical skills. This is what we in 'World Family' are working to change - and we need your help to succeed. We are helping to build schools, dig wells, provide medicines and - most important of all - teach the skills the people need.

To give just one example, in the 20 Embu area of Kenya we are helping to equip and run a mobile clinic to improve child care; providing textbooks for the local school; helping to build tanks to conserve rainwater; and training local people in agricultural and income generating skills.

We know that we cannot really help the world's poor by giving 25 them handouts. Nor can we impose preconceived Western solutions on them since the solutions which are forced upon people turn out to be useless in many cases.

Our approach is to help people solve their problems in their own way. What You C a n Do To Help 30 Today we are asking you to join our worldwide family and to hold out a helping hand to a child who urgently needs it. You can do it now, by agreeing to sponsor a child. Your sponsorship can give them the chance to go to school or provide some of the other things that many of us take for granted.

That is, we never question the availability 35 of these things because we have no doubts about their existence. In addition to this, it can give their families the chance to learn basic hygiene and health care. And it can start their communities on the long and gradual process of raising their living standards.

Because you are sponsoring one particular youngster, you'll have 40 the joy of seeing the difference that your help makes. You'll see the child growing up - learning, developing and gaining in strength and confidence over the years - through letters, photographs and regular progress reports.

You can play a vital role in our work. As a sponsor, the help that 45 you give will go towards practical development work to benefit a whole family and community. That's because we realise that we cannot improve the life of an individual child without supporting and strengthening the family, and raising the living standards of the community as a whole. The effects of an earthquake are often terrible. Earthquakes have caused the death of many human beings, much suffering, and great damage.

Today, the 5 study of earthquakes has grown greatly as scientists all over the world study the causes of earthquakes. Scientists hope that their studies will improve the ways of predicting earthquakes and also develop ways to reduce their destructive effects. The scientific study of earthquakes is somewhat new. Until the 10 18th century, few factual descriptions of earthquakes were recorded. In general, people did not understand the cause of earthquakes.

Many believed that they were a punishment from God. One early theory was that earthquakes were caused by air rushing out of caverns deep in the interior of the earth. Shocks from the quake were felt in many parts of the world. After the quake, Portuguese priests were asked to observe the effects and to make written records.

These records were the first scientific steps to write down the effects of an earthquake. Since that time, 20 detailed records have been kept of almost every major earthquake. Most earthquakes occur in areas around the Pacific Ocean. Half a million people within the 'ring of fire' have 25 died because of earthquakes and much valuable property has been severely damaged or destroyed.

An earthquake is the oscillatory, sometimes violent, movement of the earth's surface that comes after a release of energy in the crust of the earth. Most destructive quakes are caused by the dislocation of the 30 crust. Forces from beneath the surface of the earth cause the crust to bend and then break and the rocks on the surface move into a new position.

The breaking of the rocks causes vibrations called 'seismic waves'. These vibrations travel from the source of the earthquake to distant places along the surface of the earth. The seismic waves cause 35 the entire planet to tremble or ring like a bell. The vibrations produced by earthquakes are discovered, recorded, and measured by instruments called seismographs.

Vibrations are of two general types: surface waves and body waves. Surface waves usually have the strongest vibrations and probably cause most of the damage done by earthquakes. Currently, scientists are making studies to predict earthquakes.

At the present time, scientists do not have the knowledge required to predict the time and size of earthquakes. However, a large group of 45 scientists at the National Centre for Earthquake Research in California, has been able to predict the areas where earthquakes might occur. Research at the centre about the physical and chemical nature of rocks and their behaviour under the force of an earthquake will help engineers to design and build structure for areas that often suffer from 50 earthquakes.

Line 48, 'their behaviour' refers to the behaviour of. Seismographs the vibrations caused by earthquakes. Scientists hope to reduce the harmful effects of earthquakes by studying the nature. Scientists at the National Centre for Earthquake Research in California can predict the time and size of earthquakes. Line 13, 'caverns' are probably.

Many of them died of scurvy, a disease of the blood which harms the teeth and causes white spots on the skin and general exhaustion. On one occasion, in , an English 5 ship arrived in Newfoundland with its sailors desperately ill. The men were saved by Iroquois Indians who gave them vegetable leaves to eat. Gradually it was realized that scurvy was caused by some lack in the sailors' diet although nothing was known about vitamins at that time and Captain Cook, on his long voyages of discovery to Australia 10 and New Zealand, established the fact that scurvy could be warded off by making the sailors eat fresh fruit and vegetables.

Nowadays, it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may result in serious diseases if certain important elements are missing. These elements are called 'vitamins'. Quite a number of 15 such substances are known and they are given letters to identify them; A, B, C, D, and so on. Different diseases are associated with lack of particular vitamins. Even a slight lack of vitamin C, for example, the vitamin most plentiful in fresh fruit and vegetables, is thought to increase significantly the possibility of catching cold easily.

However, when people try to live on a very restricted diet, for example, during long periods of religious fasting, i. Line 2, 'exclusively' means. Line 10, 'warded off' means. Not yet. We have sent some 20 men on camping trips to the moon, and the USA and the Soviet Union have sent people to spend restricted lives orbiting.

Several trips have been made into space to show that ordinary non- astronaut scientists 5 can live and work in space - for a few days only. All these are marvellous technical and human achievements, but none of them involves living independently in space.

The Russians need food and even oxygen sent up from Earth. It is only in fiction, and in space movies, that people spend long periods living more or less normally 10 deep in space. But in about a decade - say, by the year - this may have changed. There could be settlements in space where adventurers would lead normal lives. The idea of a space settlement seems like science fiction - but it is not.

It is based on plans produced by efficient 15 people: engineers and scientists, headed by Gerard O'Neill of Princeton University.

These people are keen on space research, of course, but they are not dreamers. The settlement is a large wheel, a tube more than ft in diameter bent into a ring. The wheel spins gently once a minute. It is this gentle 20 circular movement that makes this settlement different from the space shuttles, because the spin produces a force that feels like gravity.

Every space trip has shown that the human body needs gravity if it is to continue functioning normally. Nobody would want to live for long in a space settlement where everything - people and equipment and 25 the eggs they were trying to fry - moved weightlessly around. With gravity, life in space can be based on our experience on Earth.

We can have farming and factories and houses and meeting - places that are not designed by guesswork. The need for gravity is one of the reasons for building a space colony, rather than sending settlers to an 30 existing location such as the moon or the planets. The moon is inhospitable; its gravity is tiny - and any one place on the moon has 14 days of sunlight followed by 14 of night, which makes agriculture impossible and means solar energy cannot be used.

In the settlement, which floats in permanent sunlight, the 35 day-length is controlled by a huge mirror about a mile in diameter. This mirror floats weightlessly above the ring of the settlement. The sunlight is constant during the 'daytime', so farming is far more productive than it can be on Earth.

The aim is to provide a diet similar to that on Earth, but with less 'fresh meat. The population of the settlement is fixed at about 10, people. In this way, farm output can be accurately planned: about 64 square metres of vegetables, fruits and grains will be needed for each person, 45 and just over five square metres of grass land.

The place where the people live won't look very different from modern small towns on Earth, and this is deliberate. Science fiction films show only huge glass tower blocks, but real-life space settlers won't want these. Throughout history, settlers have tried to put up buildings like the 50 ones they left behind, because these are familiar.

Space settlers will do the same. And where would the settlement be? This reference describes a point on the moon's orbit around Earth, equidistant from the moon and Earth, where the gravitational 55 forces of the two bodies balance.

The L stands for Lagrange, a French mathematician who listed a number of 'balance' points. Those who intend to settle in space have formed an L5 society. And the members are not at all impractical eccentrics. Line 55, 'the two bodies' refers to. To spin line 19 means to. Lines , The moon is inhospitable' means it is.

Line 43, 'farm output' is. It is not the first proposal of its kind. Since the first days of space exploration, people have speculated about the possibility of cosmic pleasure trips. In , the founder of the Hilton hotel chain, Barron Hilton, told the American Astronautical Society that he hoped to see the first orbital Hilton in his lifetime.

Shimizu, however, is optimistic and is even planning to put a new generation of space planes into operation around the year to start commercial space travel and tourism. Not only will they be able to take off and land like jets, but they will also have the power to leave the atmosphere altogether.

They will be totally re-usable and will be propelled to hypersonic speeds by revolutionary engines that can take in oxygen from the atmosphere or on-board supplies. Current generation spacecraft are limited by the vast amount 25 of fuel.

It takes about five tonnes of fuel to put a spacecraft into orbit. But by using a rocket motor that can take in oxygen from the atmosphere, the burden of liquid oxygen can be cut down to the amount that is required when the air becomes too rare. A cost effective and safe aero-spaceplane will mark a major turning 30 point for the space industry and the birth of space-tourism.

Then the first destination for the rich, the fashionable and the adventurous will be the space hotel, a space station in low earth orbit. As the aero-spaceplane closes in on Tokyo Orbital International, passengers will witness a hotel that looks quite unlike any on Earth because the 35 need to build it piece by piece - by assembling a series of prefabricated modules - makes it an odd-shaped structure.

Space tourism will not be cheap - estimates of the cost range from tens of thousands to millions of dollars, depending on the trip, timescale and available technology. As for whether space-tourism will occur at all, we can draw from the example of air travel. In the past 60 years, the number of people 45 who crossed the Atlantic has grown from a handful of people to some 25 million. Once the new generation of space vehicles under development take to the skies, the prospect of commercial space flights within the next 60 years seems inevitable.

Shimizu Corporation. The new generation of spacecraft will. The space hotel will look odd since it will have to be made up of a series of prefabricated modules. One of the factors which will determine the cost of space tourism will be the available technology.

It will be cheaper to travel by spacebus than by space shuttle. Within the next 60 years 25 million people will have made space flights. A company may have a fine product or service to offer and it may be priced correctly, but these won't mean much unless it reaches its target market. Promotion, which aims to 5 reach the customers in that market and persuade them to buy, includes the elements of giving information and influencing customer behaviour.

In other words, it includes all selling activities. The most important of these activities are personal selling, sales promotion, public relations and advertising.

Most companies combine these 10 activities to communicate with their customers, but more money is spent on advertising than on other types of promotion. All of us have been influenced to buy certain products because of some form of advertising.

It is universally accepted that advertising conveys selling messages better than other techniques in certain 15 situations. As a tool of marketing, advertising generally serves the following purposes: to persuade present customers to increase their buying, to slow down the flow of present customers away from the product and to increase the flow of customers toward the advertised product.

But 20 the overall purpose of advertising is to influence the level of product sales and, as a result, to increase the manufacturer's profits. To determine the effectiveness of advertising, its results should be evaluated.

A practical way to measure its effectiveness is through increased sales volume. Sales for a period of time following an 25 advertising campaign can be compared with those for a previous period. Advertising can be classified into certain types, depending on its use and purpose.

The first type is product advertising, which is designed to sell a definite and identified product. It usually describes 30 the product's features and good qualities and it may even emphasize its price. Product advertising is used to sell both consumer and industrial goods, which have different marketing characteristics. The second type is institutional advertising.

This type tries to create a favourable attitude toward the company offering to sell a product. For example, a manufacturer may run an institutional advertisement to tell the public about the company's efforts to reduce air pollution. Big companies can afford to spend money on institutional advertising. It is generally associated with advertising by the manufacturer rather than by a retailer or local advertiser. The fourth type is local advertising.

It is placed by a local merchant and differs from national advertising by 45 being more specific in terms of price, quality and quantity. In national advertising, the purpose is to build a general demand for a product that may be sold in many stores.

In local advertising, the stress is on the store where the product is sold. Finally, there is corrective advertising, which takes place to correct specific false or misleading claims that 50 might have been made in previous advertising. These corrective advertisements are generally ordered by courts to rectify earlier misleading advertisements.

For an advertising message to reach its audience, some type of carrier must be chosen. In the field of advertising, these carriers are 55 called 'media'. The success of advertising depends both on the message and the medium selected. The media most commonly used for advertising purposes are newspapers, magazines, direct mail, radio and television. Television is a very popular medium because it has the advantage of combining sight, sound, motion and demonstration.

And 60 for most viewers, it does all this in colour, which is a unique combination for advertisirm. Another advantage of TV is that it appeals to all age groups.

On the other hand, its message is short-lived and production costs are high. Expenditures or TV advertising are the second largest after the newspaper, which is the leading medium. To convey line 14 means to. To rectify line 51 means to. Masses of air, warm or cool, wet or dry, move across land and sea and bring about weather changes. During this process, one air mass replaces another.

When air is heated, it expands. Hot air is less dense than cold air. For this reason, it rises and leaves behind an area of low pressure. Unlike hot air, cold air has a large density. Instead of rising, it presses heavily on Row Boat Plans Pdf 80 the earth's surface.

Therefore, it produces an area of high pressure. Since gases always try to move from high to low pressure, winds are caused by the flow of cold air which tries to replace the rising hot air. Why is there such a difference in the temperature of the air at various places on earth? There are two major global air patterns on Earth.

One is from the poles towards the equator and the other is from the equator towards the poles. On the earth's surface, the poles are always cold and the equator hot.

Cold air comes down from the polar regions. Since the distance from the poles to the equator is so great, the cold air from the poles warms up on the way. Similarly, the hot equatorial air becomes cooler on its way to the poles and this is what causes the difference in temperature.

These winds do not blow in the north-south direction, but they are diverted. The rotation of the earth is the cause of this change in direction. These two major global air patterns cover thousands of kilometres. Besides these air patterns, there are smaller cycles which cover hundreds of kilometres.

These smaller air patterns form because of smaller changes in temperature. For example, the air above the ground is heated by the ground whereas the air above the sea is colder. As a result, the cool air moves from the sea to the land, forming a 'sea breeze'. During the night, the land is cooler than the sea since water heats up and cools down more slowly and the breeze blows from the land to the sea.

This wind is called a 'land breeze'. Winds that blow very powerfully can develop into storms, which can turn into hurricanes. Actually, no one knows why some of the storms become hurricanes and others do not.

A hurricane forms over tropical seas, it moves, and when it reaches the land or a colder part of the sea, it slowly diminishes, dies out. A hurricane can be kilometres in diameter. The centre of the hurricane is called the 'eye'. The speed of the wind in a hurricane can range from kph.

All hurricanes originate close to the equator. Sometimes storms can also develop into tornadoes. These resemble hurricanes but form over land. Tornadoes can occur anywhere on Earth but are mostly observed over the central United States. A tornado, like a hurricane, is a strong wind spinning and turning around 45 a core. Unlike a hurricane, it contains a partial vacuum.

The wind speed of a tornado is about kph. Scientists do not know exactly how tornadoes form. It is thought that when warm moist air meets the cold air from the north, it causes clouds to form and storms to develop.

This brings 50 about an uprush of warm air, which is known as a tornado. When a tornado passes over a house, for example, the low pressure at the centre causes the air in the house to expand suddenly and, as a result, the building explodes.

These' line 41 : B. Line 20, 'diverted' probably means. Hot air rises because it. Information reasonably sufficient to permit the Company to contact the complaining party, including an address, telephone number, and, if available, an email address at which the complaining party may be contacted. A statement that the information in the notice is accurate, and under penalty of perjury, that the complaining party is authorized to act on behalf of the owner of an exclusive right that is allegedly infringed.

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Company reserves the right to publish Claimant information on the site in place of disabled content. Notice and Take down Procedure Procedure: It is expected that all users of any part of the Company system will comply with applicable copyright laws.

The Company will comply with the appropriate provisions of the DMCA in the event a counter notification is received. What was good about it? Question Whal's Ihe past participie of Ihls word? A Shebecame self-confident. Question a noun, verb ar adjeetive needed here? Question this word going to be singular or piurai? B C Sheimproved her language skilis. Shetravelled to many places. WiHyou add a prefix ar a suffix?

What 15the book about? A healthy eating habits B C the history of food teenagersand food CEJ s You hear a young woman giving advice on going night dubbing.

What is her advice? A Think about what you wili wear. B Be prepared for extra expenses. I C Check the musie is what you like. For Questions , You will hear five different women talking on the subject of happiness.

For Questions complete the sentences. Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use.

Thequeslions follow the order of Ihe lex!. Darren's father thought that dancing classes would enable him to A She talks about her good news. Beforeyou listen, read the queslions. Think [ [Ijwell. Speaker2 nearby. Thewords you need to Darren was successful as a dancer in both local and national c She laughs at every opportunity.

It is not a ] D She praises the people she likes. Speaker4 La. Don't of Dance. E She finds time for extra leisure activities. Checkthat your word or phrase is As Darren lived outside London, he spent as long as F She concentrates on a few activities. Checkyour spelling. There are five differenl speakers talking on a similar topic. Read theinstructions carefully.

What wilt the people be talking about? Before you listen, read options A to F. On the first lislening, note down the speaker's main idea. Mark the option closesl to this idea. You may need lO ehange some of them.

Darrenfirst becamefamous dancing in a ballet called I ] A: 'Good news' is mentioned by speakers 1 and 4, but neither 'talk about go od news'.

Usten for Question listen for another way of saying this. But whieh speaker laughs a lot? PAPER 4 Youwill hear an interview with 1ne 'celevision actor, Simon McGregor. Far each of the Questions , choose the be. Part 1 o Tile questions foUow the order of the tex!. B C He was not brave enough. Tell us somethlng about the area where you live. Don't try to learn a through the questions 25 How does Simon feel now about the careers advice he was given?

This wiU not What is there for young people to do in your area? A He Is grateful for the opportunity It gave him. He wishes he hadn't trained as an accountanl. You will each have two which is closes!.

Don't What led Simon to give up accountancy? You will also have to answer a question after your o The words in the panie, don't go too fast. B C He had developed other interests. Listen 50 you ean comment Newspapers compare, contrast and speculate He realised he wasn't going to qualify. Why did Simon take up 'busking'? You have a minute to do this. What does Simon to support himself while he studied Candidate B, do you often read newspapers?

Question Why is B C She organised plays for children. She had been involved in the theatre. Question What does Candidate A, did you often get into trouble as a chiid? B C really want to be accepted. You Simon thinks that it is better for actors if they o You don't have to agree will have a page of pictures to hel p you.

A with your partner. B C have to work hard to convince audiences. How popular do you think these jobs might be with young people? In which two jobs o You don't have to agree would they learn the most useful ski lis? The examiner encourages you to develop the discussion in Part 3 by asking questions such as: Would you like to work for a television company?

Why not? Why are people worried if children watch a lot of television? How much are we influenced by what we see on television? What do you think of television pragrammes for young people in this country? I-l You are going to read an article about a man who works as a prafessional shopper. Choose fram the list A-H the sentence which best summarises each part of the article.

So, you don't want to get yom toes crushed in the they are looking for: he explains. Michele Dalton meets a man they find wandering around the stores who'll do yom shopping for you. Bryan Bonaparte is that rare find - a man who The shopping stretch covered by Ace rum C Bryan's experience allows him to predict bargains. Bryan, or another member of his team, E Bryan's initial success was not anticipated.

If you H Bryan feels fortunate that he is able to combine work with pleasure. People say to don't actually know what you want, Ace will me, "I can't believe you enjoy doing this", but l make suggestions, buy the items, then return to do.

And it's great to get paid for it as well: the shops to exchange them if you are not completely satisfied. Bryan's agency, called Ace, started in a smali way. Read the text for general understanding. Read each paragraph, decide what the main point is, then find the sentence which is the best one Christmas. II was meant to be just a seasonal A fiat charge of :0 5 per hour applies to either. The sentences won't use the same words as the text. Jt seems there service.

Clients with a list of requests are given a quote based on the amount of time involved. The are always gifts to buy for weddings, birthdays, only thing Bryan won't do is buy food. For sales Sentence 8 talks about a 'trend'. Which paragraph tatks about things which are changing? Which paragraph describes what you get for your colour.

Details about money if you use Bryan's service? Sentence G says that Bryan's service is 'flexibte'. Which paragraph tells us about different ways 0 I the normai price and the discount that clients want are required, and Bryan warns that shops in which Bryan's service will help you?

A survey published in the London Evening News generally won't exchange items bought in sales. The survey Bryan' s specialist knowledge means that clients pinpointed crowds, bad weather. Tve come to know how right present and carrying heavy bags as stress long the sales will run for, the stock that will be triggers.

You are going to read a magazine article about an artist. For Questions , choosethe 7 How does Suzy feel about dancers? A inspired by the way they move Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

B upset by how much they suffer C sad that she didn't train to be one D impressed by how they react to audiences 8 Suzyhas contacted certain ballet companies becauseshe'd like to A find a job in a theatre. B sell sculpturesto them. Why would Suzy prefer not to wark from drawings? A She'snot good at drawing. B Books adviseagainst it. D She'd like to developnew skilis. Young sculptorSuzyJordanis fast developingan her sculptures and applies a mixture of lacquer and 10 What is a 'worktop' Iine 29?

Thls figures which are made from a mixture of clay and A a type of building makes her pieces less expenslve than solid bronze metal. People love dancers, particularly ballet dancers, B a piece of equipment figureswouldbe.

Shethen addsa layerof resinar wax and Suzy has a fascination for them too. They wanted three specially-designed painful for the dancers. I'm glad I dldn't go in for It, but life-size figures to suspend from the ceiling in their A They would look too new. Hard to imagine how she did it, but each B They would cost too much. They had to be C It would make them too heavy. Suzy has been in touch with same leading ballet made of plaster 50 that they wouldn't be too heavy to D It would require mare space.

Suzy travelled to Sweden with the sculptures thelr dancers during rehearsal time. Her dream is to to help direct their installation. One of the drawbacks of 12 What does 'iI' in line 39 refer to?

B designing the figures charge. But I've learnt not to do more quickly and I'm not guessing shapes ar turning to 13 Why has Suzy's attitude towards her work changed? But most of her wark has A She now produces larger quantities. After graduating from Art Suzy's work starts at around Ewo for the smallest B She now only works to commission. School, Suzy taught drawing for a number of years figures, but large sculptures can cost as much as E C She no longer has problems selling it.

But as she doesn't make copies of her wark, each D She has become mare businesslike. As she explains, 'Ali artists want 14 What does Suzy find satisfying about her work? Most of Suzy's works are individually commissioned and some kind of recognition for their work. I don't think one piece can take as long as four ar five months to A Each piece is unique.

I have a friend who says complete. Ali of the work is dane in a smali shed in the B She makes a good living. This tin space, I it's progressed. I'm very lucky to be doing the sort of '9 3 square metres, contains her main worktop, I D People appreciate what she does. Six TipStrip A He makes a good living aur of it too. Adam can coUeet anything from paragraphs have been removed fram the article.

Choose the most suitable paragraph fram the list A-H for each part There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to Another task in Part 3 1, to 2, baUs during a day's diving.

A lot of them are good quality asks you to insert with hardly a mark on them and can be sold to professional golfing shops, use. The water in the lakes tends to be stagnant understanrling. A diver can easily get oRead the text around tangled up, therefore. Adam is weU-aware of the danger and, as a each gap carefully. Look at the who le paragraph, before and after the gap. Another thing to look out for is golf baUs themselves. If he did weU, you just have to feel around in the mud for rhe o Reread the text and D Bur Adam wouldn't want us to get the impression that it's easy money.

ParagraphB talks ahout 'another such danger'. E Apatt from that, Adam has few regrets abour his decision. Indeed, he haJ; Which paragraph in the become more involved in the world of golf than he bargained for.

On another occasion, when he was covered in weed, he surfaced just behind club altogether, Adam hit upon the idea of using Paragraph D begins with same poor unsuspecting golfer and yeUed 'Boa!

He put Fortunately, Adam's never been in any kind of 'But'. Nonetheless, he always has sameone contrast with something went very white and no one has seen him at the golf club since. Which paragraph in As a result, Adam has become something of a celebrity on the golf courses lakes on the course.

Which paragraph in the in the water, he was qui te aur of his depth on the green. He had no furure something a bit ridiculous abour a grown man hase text explains why this happens?

Bur for Adam job is great fun. A young guy, searching the banks of the lake for his baU, ] spotted me and ran to the clubhouse shouring, "There's a monster in the lake! These also have a price, howevet, he cleans them up and seUs them at second-hand Luckily, nabody at the club has complained abour sales and to other less prestigious golf clubs. Adam's activities, however, and one suspects that given his notariety in the golfing world, his!

I membership is naw secure. You are going to read some interviewswith women who have unusual jobs. Far Questions , choose fram the people A-D. She B Angela Bell is the ship's secretary and hos responsibility for C Claire Dom informotion customers may need while on board, as well as octing as secretory to the captoin. Losing touch with the real world for sa Iong is no problem because the ship's officers Which interview is with someone who con toke odvontoge of the octivities provided for is o disc jockey in a night-club in London.

A few the entertoinment of possengers. It was berter poid thon her present job but she I soys. There are Iots of late nights for Dino but gove it up because she hod alwoys liked the idea has to pretend she is always happy?

She hopes to be oble to! My first job was as on ossistantand I've since thinks attitudes towards her wark havechanged? She decided manager. She soon reolised thot women only hove voriety in my job,' she says, 'ony comments introduced the oct and were on stoge for o few from customers will be forwarded to me to deal minutesbecause it was considered o lob for men.

PAPER 2 l;. You and a friend want to find a summer job abraad. Your friend has sent you a letter with an advertisement Read the letter and the advertisement together with the notes. We have heard you knowa lot about animals. This sounds interesting, just what we want. Can you write to them for more detaiis?

Maybe you Write your article. Now your See you soon teacher has asked you to write a composition on the following subject My favourite loeal festival Write your composition. Or b 'I would have preferred to seethis story on film and not to have read it' With refereneeto the book you have read, write a composition, saying whether you agree or disagreewith this statement and why.

Write a letter to the Summer Jobs Agency asking for the information which your friend suggests and adding any relevant questions of your own. Write a letter ol between and words in an apprapriate style. Use only one word in each space.

Mark your answers on the separate Example: answer sheet. Nowshe speaks a bilingualsecretaryin a travel company in England. In March , Amyr Klink, a Brazilian yachtsman and polar adventurer, O the tirst man to circle Antarctica while staying south of 50 degrees latitude.

He 1 the most Sarah comes trom Spain, 19 she attended school and college. But it was dangerous sea route in the world. Klinkwas already 2 known because in he had rowed across the Atlantic in a smali boat. The book which he wrote, based on his time spent abroad after college 20 encouraged her interest in languages. In her job, Sarah has 21 great deal more responsibilitythan the title ot For his polar adventure, Klink built his 5 boat.

He 6 off in trom South secretarywould suggest. She stressesthe importanceot 22 tluent in Georgia and he arrived back there 88 days later - although he 7 eleven ot those days Spanishbecause part ot her job is dealing 23 customerstrom LatinAmerica. He did not stop there out ot 8 , but because he wanted to 24 such clientscome trom abroad, she has to translate everything see the Antarctic Peninsula. She is given 26 time for preparation at Klink knew that his 9 would be dangerous.

On the way he had to be caretui to all, 50this aspect ot her job is one ot the 27 difficult. These icebergs, as they are called, were everywhere and 11 one ot them would have been a disaster. As Klink knew that any rescue It is importanttor Sarahto be up-to-date with changes 28 her own mission would have been impossible in the rough seas, he did not 12 to take a language, 50 she reads Spanishnewspapers and books lookingtor new additionsto lite-boat.

Sarah saysshe 30 not give up this job even it they offered her a better salary in another company. When he sailed into 13 winds miles south ot Tasmania, he met waves that were twenty-tive metres high. This meant staying awake most ot the time. He only managed to sleep tor twenty-minute 14 at a stretch. But he succeeded in the end, 15 all the difficulties that he had to tace. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.

Example: O Ali your lockers must be left completely empty at the end of term. Some of the lines are correct, and some have a word which should not be there. If a line has a word which should not be there, write the word on the separate answer sheet.

There are examples at the beginning Oand O If I had to say it what my hobby is, I suppose the answer would not 00 have to be reading. It all started in early childhood when my Mrs Smith. This was a hugely popular every nlght at bedtime. As we apart Ali the students. Ever since I can been 45 remember, I have read about a book a week and I am get through Lucy that she'd won the prize.

I especlally enjoy reading in bed unless 47 and if 1am really enjoying a book, I will stay up all night to finish it. But 'I will. I get paid at a higher rate. You will often see 35 Max offered Gaby a 11ftto the station, but she didn't accept. I actually 36 Valerie doesn't object to her photograph appearing in themagazine. I even objection Valerie 52 buy magazines written in languages that I don't know them, just for her photograph appearing in the magazine.

It will come as no great surprise, therefore, The car. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits In the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginnlng O. For Questions , choose the best answer A, B ar C.

You hear part of a play on the radio. Who is the woman talking to? Although aimed at improving physical 56 , this FIT 2 You hear a man talking about a boat tri p on a river.

When you begln training, It is importantto start 61 , raising What is the advertisementfor? How doesthe man feel? What is the purpose of the announcement? A to complain about something CTIJ B to praisesomeone'shouse C to recommend something 6 You hear a man talking about the house where he lives.

What caused him problems In his bedroom? A the vlew from the window B the spacefor storing things LEJ C the heating system 7 You hear a radio announcement about a future event.

What is the aim of the event? Why does the man! A They help him to concentrate. B C They hel p him to relax. They hel p him to pass the time. Think You will hear someone welcoming complete the notes. Guide to Activities: availablein I students to an English Schoo!.

For Questions , International English School 0 - You will hear five young swimmers talking about what's happened to them in the past year. For Questions , choose from the list A-F what each speaker says.

A B I took a break fram sWlmming. I gaveup my studies to swim. Speaker 1 about the type of Speaker2 information which is missing. Prablemswjth your course? Go to I [lI] D I swam for my college team. Speaker4 o Check your spelling. Activities organised: E I had a physicalproblem. But only one of them has a Fridayafternoon I ] copy available at the moment. Which is it? You will hear an interview with Ricky Foyles, a singer and songwriter.

Question The teacher recommends one dass, meeting place ] 24 Ricky's songs are about the lives of famous people. Which one does 25 26 The message in Ricky's songs is difficult to understand. Sunday 6 p. CEJ Ricky has folIowed the advice of some of his fans. Verbsandadjectivesareoften important. Question Ricky says the wordsin the songs are easy to understand, but what does he say about the message? Question Ricky tatks about his attitude to money in the past and present.

Listen for how his attitude has changed. Question Ricky uses the word 'anxious' when talking about new songs. Does 'anxious'mean worried or not worried? Listen to the instructions.

Make The examiner encourages you both to talk briefly about yourselvesby answering questions such as: PAPER 1 Reading 1 hour 15 minutes sure you do what is p. Choose fram the list asked. Do you have any brothers and sisters? A-H the sentence which best summariseseach part of the extract. There is one extra. Don't he afraid to ask What do the other membersof your family do? Listen to the questions the examiner asks your!

E Financial planning is required now if you want to be a space tour1st in the future. You each talk for a minute without interruption in response to a visu al prampt. You are partner, and listen to what your partner says. B We can rook forward to a time of widespread F There are good reasons for encouraging space The examiner may say space tourism.

Don't give short answers. Say what you Turn to pictures 1 and 2 on page which show people painting. D making space tourism a reality. The development of space tourism will depend H basic facilities.

Space tourism is becoming the concern of private think and why. Candidate A, compare and contrast these photographs, and say why you think the people on the level of commercial investment. Candidate B, do you like painting? Turn to pictures 1 and 2 on page which show people waiting in different situations.

Accordingto Alan way to start to use the limltlessresources of space to solve oUr are feeling about having to walt. Grant,thisdistantdreamcouldsoonbeareality no problems on Earth. And living In space involves every line of Candidate A, do you get impatient waiting for things? But most actlvities are done [! Over the past few years a growlng volume of work has tourism travel will grow from thousands of passengers per year without interruption by the examiner.

Tickets to orbit will cost less commercial space tourism services is a realistic target for and flights will depart from many different airports. Orbital Student advice centre discuss and evaluate businesses today. Turn to the pictures on page which show ideas for an Advice Centre at an international college for students from abroad. Many people still think that to get the chance to go to space you have got to try to become an astronaut.

Unfortunately, the 0 But like any other business, space tourism will develop I What kind of advice may students need in each area? Which three areas do you think are chances of succeeding are tiny, slmply because there are 50 few progressively. Starting as a relatlvely small-scale and relatlvely the most urgent? Orbital able to go as a visitor. The examiner encourages you to develop the discussion in Part 3 by asking questions such expectedto be strong and, Inthe earlystages, priceswillbe high.

Inorder to stay longerIn space,you could work In one of the people who beJieve In them. It is posslble to take an actlve role businesses that will be set up in orbit. There will be opportunities In bringlng space tourism about by askingairJines,hoteis and Have you ever asked for advice? In manufacturing- aerospace vehiele makers, orbital travel companies if and when they Intend to offer space travel.

Do you think adults should give young people advice even if they don 't ask for it? A his height Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. For B he might hurt himself. K champion in Ihe relalively new sporl ol wakeboarding, had won so many competitions, I was more 42 that is what Tom does. He also buys and studies every new wakeboarding video and spends hours working on C D he was below the age limit. Ihan a lillle laken aback lo see how every new Irick, tinding new ways lo 10 What does 'that' in line 42 refer to 7 slight he was.

Wakeboardmg, you twist and lurn his smali body. He gives A points out his mistakes. Bul Tom is jusl me lols ol lips on some ol the real lechnical delails too. C stops him being afraid. I guess I'm used lo il, , Tom told me. Tom reckons irs on the up. B getting more practice easy.

He didn'l say Ihal, ol He's not wrong either. Even on Ihe C getting easierfor people course. Maybe because he didn't rainy, windy day that I met him, D becoming mare popular wanl to seem bigheaded, especially there's a queue ol eager bodies in wilh his Dad sitting just a lew metres wetsuils getting into the treezing 13 away, or maybe because he just water at the walersports cenlre near In the future, Tom hopes to doesn't Ihink i1's imporlant.

A train others in his sport. D make the sport his career. Tom told me thal look at his results conlirms Ihat this is everylhing is lwice as lasl, twice as justilied. Vet when Tom slarted, Ihe big Ihere, which makes il really scary 14 In general, what does the writer think of Tom 7 organisers tried to persuade him not and dangerous. Tom knows no lear A He's very determined. B He's easily persuaded. He might only be 1,44m Tom won by a mile and silenced lali, but le1's not lorget Ihal the C He's overconfident.

So, what makes him so prolessionals were all lourteen-year- D He's underachieving. Perhaps pUlting on a welsuil, olds at one Iime Sevensentenceshave been removed fram the article.

Choose fram the sentences A-H the one which fits each gap A B He argues that after miles, you have to slow down and running gets really hard. After a quick top up of water and a rest, most go home and make a fuli recovery. D In spite of this, marathon running is bad for your health. Jf ever there was living proof that marathon running E But this weakening effect on the system is short-lived.

G This is because running halves your risk of getting heart disease. At first she could only run to the end of her H She started by running to the shops, wearing an anorak and carrying her avenue, which is about three quarters of a mile.

She had problems getting back and had to either shopping bag. At this point your muscles run out of glycogen - the best source of energy we have. This means you start using fat for energy, and your body has to work harder to transform fat into energy.

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