Diy Canoe Building Plans Meaning

Polynomials Class 10 Chapter 2 - NCERT Solutions (with Videos)

I'm ten. I live with my Mum, my Dad, and my sister Ashley. My sister is fourteen and she is very smart. The girl comes into the room.

Choose the correct variant a, b or c. Tom the mouse mqths broken the house. Hunca Munca has taken the chair from upstairs. She has taken the bookcase and the cage into her hole. She has left the dresses on the bed.

Tom Thumb has eaten the meal. He has taken the cake from the table. The mice have made a cake. What did the mice do in 2. house? LLN No. Activity Book ex. They always control. Mum: Have you put your clothes in the wardrobe? Mum: Have you tidied your desk? Mum: What have you done? Andy: I have fed Sparky a little. Have you tidied your desk? Yes, I. What have you done? What are they? Have you class 10 maths ch 2 ex 2.2 ie your bedroom?

Has Ashley put your bed? What has he done? What has Ashley done? Tell Andy what questions your parents ask you. AB ex. Andy and Ashley have class 10 maths ch 2 ex 2.2 ie lists of things to do about the house.

Have they done a lot? Ask mats Ashley has. Ask what Andy has. Has Ashley tidied the room? Yes, she. On the Internet there is an interesting story of Gabriel and his family. I think it is interesting to live in a castle. May I ask you some questions?

All about me. I am happy when I am. I am happiest when I am at home with my family. No other place is better! I love my house and I love being in my room.

It is small but nice. I have a lot of good things in my room: books and toys. When I class 10 maths ch 2 ex 2.2 ie to watch TV, I go downstairs and spend clasx with my matgs in the living room. My room is always tidy. We have redecorated it a little. Now mayhs is very nice.

My friends like it. My favourite place is my flat and my small bedroom. I share it with my brother. Our room is not. And now my brother is tidying his desk.

Where do you live? What have you changed? I have put I We have repainted Do you mathd your room? I can spend time with Reader ex. Do a project. Look oe the gifts and say which floor the grandparents bought thenn on. I They bought Andy es the toy parrots at Hamleys.

He wrote clasx poem about. The first parrot is very funny. It is a small town near New York City. There are oe, cafes, restaurants, schools, and swimming pools in my town. There is a beautiful lake where people go fishing, boating and swimming.

My village has got five shops, three cafes, two schools and a new library. The Spencerville library is nice. I like going. There are very nice places where people walk. There are three parks where children and parents can have fun. In autumn people go to the fairs.

I love animals very much and Spencerville has got a lot of animals. There are raccoons, foxes, birds, and other animals where I live. I love their pizzas. We often spend time there with my family and friends. The family across the street has got five horses. At my house we have got three horses, four cats, one dog, one rabbit, one pig, one snake, and seven fish. That is what makes my hometown special to me.

I know a lot of people in my village. Clasz are very friendly. I love where I live. Jonathan thinks Babylon is a nice place for children.

Match the parts of the sentences. Prove it from the texts. There is a beautiful lake Mathz class 10 maths ch 2 ex 2.2 ie raccoons, foxes, birds, and other class 10 maths ch 2 ex 2.2 ie There are very nice places There are three parks where people walk.

How can I get to the zoo? Take bus number Can you tell me the way clxss the cafe? Where is the toy shop? There are some dialogues in the maze on p. Excuse me. Thank you. The zoo is on the right.

Simply said:

A Super Benchby Router List Repository is an in effect example of. We additionally need to assimilate how extensive they competence wish mtahs revive a vessel ?

Not usually will it have receiving out your vessel the zephyra date as well as time.

It is sometimes eloquently delivered and often fun to hsten to but most people leave the room wondering how thirty minutes of biographical information about a rowing champion is going to help them back in the office. Nobody would dispute that motivation is a key driver of performance but thIs knowledge does not help many of us understand where it comes froID.

Listening to a sportsperson speaking about their own personal journey may be uplifting but how is it going to leave a lasting and usable legacy in terms of how you approach your job? It is almost insulting 10 think it could. It is not anecdotes we need, so much as a science of performance, underlying principles that help unlock the questlOn of why some people work hard and excel while others don't; why some are committed to what they are doing while others exist in a state of semi-detachment.

It is a question with ramifications not just for business but for education. To see how, we need to take a step back and ask a deeper question: where does excellence come from? For a long time, it was thought that the answer hinged, in large part, upon talent. Hard work may be important but if you don't have the abihty, you are never going to become top class. It is the notion that high-level performers have excellence encoded in their DNA It turns out that this point of view is mistaken.

Dozens of studIes have found that high flyers across all disciplines learn no faster than those who reach lower levels of attainment -hour after hour, they improve at almost identical rates. The difference is simply that high achievers practise for more hours.

Further research has shown that when students seem to possess a particular gift, it is often because they have been given extra tuition at home. But it is much more than that. It influences the way we think and feel, and the way we engage with our world. And it determines our motivation. To see how, consider an employee who believes success is all about talent -this is known as the 'fixed mindset'.

Why would they bother to work hard? If they have the right genes, won't they just cruise 10 the top' And if they lack talent, well, why bother at alF And who can blame someone for having this kind of attitude, given the underlying premise' If.

They will see failure as an opportunity to adapt and grow. And if they are right, they will eventually excel. What we decide about the nature of talent, then, could scarcely be more important. So, how to create a growth mindset within an organisation? Interventions which have presented participants with the powerful evidence of how excellence derived from perseverancewhich explains the possibility of personal transformationhave had a dramatic impact on motivation and performance.

When this is allied with clearly identifiable pathways from shop floor to top floor, so that employees can see the route ahead, these results are strengthened further. Businesses that focus on recruiting external 'talent' with 'the nght stuff' on the other hand, and who neglect the cultivation of existing personnel, foster the fixed mindset.

A rankand-yank appraisal system is also damaging because it suggests that the abilities of those ranked the lowest cannot be developed. In short, an ethos constructed upon the potential for personal transformation is the underlying psychological principle driving high performance.

It is an insight that is not merely deeply relevant to business but to any organisation interested in unlocking human potential. Which speaker below shows a 'fixed mindset' and which shows a 'growth mindset'? Match the underlined words in the article with their synonyms. There's no point pushing for promotion because I'd be out of my depth:2 'I've never tackled anything like that before but I guess I can learn as I go along Which two points do they discuss?

Here are some areas of life where people want to be successful and a question for you to discuss. Now you have about a minute to decide which two areas you think it is most rewarding to succeed in.

Wri te an essay for your tutor discussing two of the suggestions in your notes. You should explain which suggestion is better, giving reasons to support your opinion. You may, if you Wish, make use of the opinions expressed in t he discussion but you should use you r own words as far as possible.

I lelt sChool, I clicl You should explain which types of people have more influence, giving reasons to support your opin ion.

You may, if you Wish, make use of the opinions expressed in the discussion but you shou ld use your own words as fa r as possible. One way 5choo! ThiS' can benefit mal Y S'tudentS'. There are mal Y WhO fai] al d are humiliated by their failure. Where is' the leHon in thiS'? What is' importal t is' for them to learn to work t0gether il al enjoyable way.

There is an example at the beginning 0 Open doze Part 2 For questions , read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. Word formation Part 3 For questions , read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits the gap in the same line.

Decide which two pictures you would choose to ta lk about. Then listen to a candidate doing t he task. Did she choose t he same pict ures? The route to perfection Use of EnglishLook at the pictures. They show people experiencing very special moments. Compare two of the pictures and say why these moments might be special for the people and how memorable these moments might be. El Read the candidate's answer. Ignore t he gaps. Does t he candidate complete all parts of the task?

I'd like to talk abou t these two pictures. In my opinion the people in both pictures are experiencing a feelgood moment. It's special for all of them but, obviously, for different reas ons. The people are in contrasting locations, too. One looks as Janet's interest in stand-up comedy started because A she was dissatisfied With normal acting roles. B she enjoyed wnting her own jokes and scripts. C she knew it would fulfil her desire for a challenge.

D she feels it linked to her primary acting interest. A They hesitated about supporting her. B They wished she had been more studious. C They were pleased she was doing something she loved.

D They were concerned about the insecurity. A frustrated by an unresponsive audience B privileged to be able to make people happy C tired by the stress involved in entertaining others D upset when an audience doesn't like her 4 Janet thin ks a successful comedian must A be a charismatic presence on stage.

B have the opportunity to win awards. C be able to ignore any criticism. D feel confident about growing as a performer. B mig ht accept other work for financial reasons. C has to work on a better stage presence. D lacks opportunities to develop in other areas. If Find and correct the mistakes in t he sentences. There are mistakes in six of t he sentences. About the exam:In Reading and Use of English Part 8, you match questions or statements to sections of one text or several short texts.

Strategy:Read the text s quickly to get a general idea of the topic. Read through t he questions and underline key word s and phrases that may help you. Scan the text s to find parts with a similar meaning to what you have underlined.

Remember that the words will not be the same. D Read the article. Match the titles with the sections A-D. If Read[ s O talk about films that make us renect on life? The Brits were pioneers of the form. What distinguished it was the tempo. The film-makers used cross-cutting to crank up the tension, which is only finally released when the baby is found. The film 'marks a key stage in the medium's development from an amusing novelty to the "seventh art," able to hold its own alongside literature, theatre, painting, music and other more traditional forms: claims the British Film Institute's Screenonline website.

Film historians today continue to study Hepworth's storytelling abilities but that wasn't what interested the audiences who flocked to see it. They went because it was a feel-good film. BThere has long been a tendency to sneer at feel-good films. Serious, self-conscious auteurs are often too busy trying to express their innermost feelings about art and politics to worry about keeping audiences happy.

However, as Preston Sturges famously showed in his comedy Sullivan 's Travels , if you're stuck on a prison chain gang, you don't necessarily want to watch Battleship Potemkin. Sullivan's Travels is about John L Sullivan, a glib and successful young Hollywood director of comedies, who yearns to be taken seriously.

Sullivan dresses up as a hobo and sets off across America to learn more about the plight of the common man. He ends up sentenced to six years in prison. One of the prisoners' few escapes from drudgery is watching cartoons. As he sits among his fellow cons and sees their faces convulsed with laughter at a piece of what he regards as throwaway Disney animation, he rapidly revises his own priorities.

We had films about gUilt, Atonement about the all-American dream coming apart at the seams Revolutionary Road and even a very long account of a very long life lived backwards the deeply morbid The Curious Case Of Benjamin Buttonl.

Deep-dish, feel-bad films have plenty to recommend them. If you're not a teenager and you don't just want to see the next summer tentpole blockbuster, you'll welcome movies that pay attention to characterisation and dialogue and don't just rely on CGI or the posturing of comic book heroes. However, as film-make rs from Preston Sturges to Danny Boyle have discovered, there is no reason that a feel-good movie needs to be dumb.

You can touch on social deprivation and political injustice: the trick is to do so lithely and, if possible, with a little leavening humour. D Historically, the best feel-good movies have often been made at the darkest times.

The war years and their immediate aftermath saw the British turning out some invigorating, entertaining fare alongside all the propaganda. The Age of Austerity was also the age of the classic Ealing comedies, perfect examples of feelgood film-making. In the best of these films like Passport To Pimlico or Whisky Galore, a community of eccentric and mildly anarchic characters would invariably come together to thwart the big, bad, interfering bureaucrats.

Stories about hiding away a hoard of whisky or setting up a nation state in centrallondon were lapped up by audiences. To really work, feel-good movies must have energy and spontaneity -a reckless quality that no amount of script tinkering from studio development executives can guarantee.

The best take you by surprise. What makes the perfect feel-good movie? That remains as hard to quantify as ever -you only know one when you see one. Search More than just a petTwo of my friends recently adopted a dog. By 1 adopting a dog they have given me an insight into how animals can promote well -being. It's unsurpris ing that greater health and happiness can come from caring for a pet. One research study tra cked peo ple working in stressful jobs who adopted a cat or dog; caring for 3 their new cat or dog lowered the person's blood pressure more effectively than medicine.

People who own dogs tend to get more exercise than people without 4 a dog, and 5 exercise is a guaranteed way of boosting your health and happiness. Having said 6 exercise is a guaranteed way to boost health and happiness. I would never suggest that families with young children should get a puppy or any similar pet; not because 7 getting a puppy is problematic in itself, but parents nowadays lead such busy lives that looking after a young animal is the last thing 8 parents wan t to worry about.

But families can still benefit from the love of animals by adopting lower-maintenance pets such as fish or by helping out with other people's animal s. Add it in the right place. A: Are you going to buy th at car' B: No, I can't afford at the moment.

B: I expect because it's always busy on a Friday. B: Really? So I' Maybe we'll be there at the same time. S A: Please tell Sue that I'll be late for the meeting. B: Of course I. What tim e will you get here? B: I suppose means yo u ca n stay nea r your family, so that's good.

One of these options may be a review. It coul d be a review of a book, film, new p rod uct, theatrical performance or something el se t hat you have experience of. You w rite bet w een an d words. Strategy:Incl ude so me information about wha t you are revi ewing but do n't go into a lot of detail about one element.

Give yo ur reactions, whether positive or nega tive or both , and include reco m mendatio ns. Use an informa l style to en gage readers. Then decide which paragraph opening sentence A-E best fits each gap. You see this an nouncement on a website. When we're feel ing a bit low, watching somethi ng funny on TV can 11ft our spirits. We'd like to post some reviews of TV series that give us a good giggle. Send us a review of a TV series which you think will cheer us all up, giving reasons for your choice.

Write yo ur review in words in an appropriate style. A The script is wi tty and the characterisations are superb. B The seri es is based on the works of PG. Wodehouse, of Jeeves and Wooster fame. C It happens to all of us. D It is refreshing to watch a comedy series where the j okes are innocent but extremely funny.

S How does the writer persuad e us to watch the series? It is set in and it revolves around the lives of an aristocratic but hugely eccentric family who reside at a wonderful minor stately home called Blandings Castle.

Timothy Spall plays the forgetful but lovable lord of the manor and the very talented Jennifer Saunders is his sharp' voiced sister who wants him to face up to his duties as a pillar of the local community. Unfortunately, this is a role he detests.

However, what makes it so amusing is the way it pokes mild fun at a bygone age where money, title and class ruled society. We see the British at their best and at their worst, and it is an excellent example of how the British can laugh at themselves. Channel 2, 7 p. You won't regret it. IJ Read the exam task again and plan your own review. Think about the questions below. Then write you r review. Searching For a KingYou wouldn't expect to find a dead king under a city car park.

Always a I.. Richard was The skeleton exhibited similar injuries to those recorded after rhe battle and scientists carried out carbon daring, which placed the skeleton in the fifteenth century.

The laSl missing king of England had been found. Extract 1You hear part of a discussion about keeping mementos and things from the past 1 The man feels that keeping things from the past is A important for people to maintain a sense of identity. B necessary to preserve certain things for posterity. C a way of making good use of old things.

A Some things are on ly signifi cant for those directly involved. B People need to feel a lin k to their ancestors. C It's essential to help older re latives retain their memories. Extract 2You hear part of a radio discussion about the role of museu ms in modern life. A explaining why mu seums are not viable today B describing what is involved in running a museum C outlining reasons why museums are irrelevant nowadays 4 The speakers agree that museums A can be expen sive to maintain.

B have potenti al for educational use. C are popular with certain types of people. Extract 3You hear two people talking about a historical film they have seen. B often contain incorrect facts for dramatic effect C make history more interesting for many people.

Look at th e pictures. They show people recording events and information for the future. Compa re two of t he pictures and say why these records might be important to people in the future and how accurate th e recording needs to be. If Listen to a candidate doing the task.

Tick v' the things in Activity 1 that he does. C ask an expert to diagnose Vasoulla's condition. D find ways to persuade Vasoulla to part with some possessions. During the documentary, VasoullaA managed to recover from her obsession. B overcame her frustra t ion with her messy house. C recognised t he value of Jasmine's help. D foun d important things she had long forgotten.

C He hoped to make money from his possessions. D He was determined to make life easier for his family. Her grown-up sons remembered thinking it normal for dinner to be served in a bedroom; it was the only room that could accommodate the whole family.

The hoarding had evidently been especially hard on Jasmine. In contrast to Vasoulla, Jasmine 'vacuums everything, sofas, chairs, even the kitchen worktops: Over the course of the documentary, which followed the family over several months, Jasmine coaxed and cajoled Vasoulla to jettison at least some of her junk. It was a slow, painful process -Vasoulla had been known to buy back her own possessions just hours after donating them to charity.

In Stratford-on-Avon, Shakespeare's birthplace and the town where he is buried, a dig is taking place in the grounds of New Place, the house he owned in his later life. This has already turned up evidence providing Archaeologists have found pottery and animal remains in the this is 6 advantage! You should explain which you think has the most influence on how historical events are described, giving reasons to support your opinion.

You may. Write your essay in words in an appro priate style. El The phrases in italics in the sentences below can be used to give an impersonal introduction to a fact or opinion. Complete them with the words in the box. To bake or not to bake? As a child I was captivated by the idea of being a baker -it was the 0 Or, at least, I do but only for a moment. After that comes guilt and more often than. Was Hamlet just one of us?

One of the biggest issues many of us have to deal with in the modern worldis We're all experts at putting off things we're Keyword transformations Part 4 For questions , complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given.

Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given. Here is an example 0. Hype, advertising created by the company itself, is the sales 7 o One of the illustrations she will include is a 1; Example Use of Englishphotograph of a bus proceeding towards Selfridge's with an advertisement for 'self-denial week' on the side. For many of those in the crowds on the pavement, self-denial was a given.

They could n"t afford to spend. E The big department store continues to uphold the tradition of presenting lavish and eye-catching window displays today and uses the best artists and designers to create and dress them. Advam;es in technology have meant that the displays grow ever more spectacular. F 'He was trying to aestheticise retailing. The glamour attracted attention and lifted people's spirits at a difficult time, Windows ofetail otreet theatre was all the rage in the As a show, it made any production of Chekhov seem action-packed by comparison.

Yet Gonion Selfridge. I 1 IAs Britain struggled to regain economic stability after the war, the importance of the ncw mass commerce to thl'" country's recovery was recognised,' says Rebecca.

The new style of window dressing that came into its own after the armistice took inspiration from the theatre and the fine and decorative arts. It involved flambovant design and drew huge crowds. The s saw a big growth in major department stores in the main cities and they would all have had a budget for window dressing.

At her feel are swathes of ruffled material and posi tioned around her any number of ad ornments. Retailers complain about falling sales. But are they doing enough to seduce the passing customer? Scragg thinks not. I 6 ISo, although retail theatre may have been in its infancy, retail as leisure or therapy for a mass market was still a long way in the future. Here are some issues that concern people today and a question for you to discuss.

A new shopping centre opened recently in your town. The developers have asked you to write a report on the popularity of the centre and also to make recommendations on any improvements that need to be implemented. This is to be ba sed on the responses to a survey.

Write your report in words in an appropriate style. El Choose the correct alternatives to complete the comments about the survey. Peter uses the word 2. Peter thought he was 3. Pete r chose to write 4. Peter is most concerned about the lack of 5 when he starLed writing for a living. A blogger might have an axe to grind and write negatively, which can be 7.

It used to be necessary to read travel brochures before booking a holiday. These agencies charge the volunteers a fee but the volunteers themselves are unpaid. Most of these paying volunteers do have a sincere desire to do good. But how much good they actually do may depend on the extent to which the trips are organised with the needs of the target communities in mind, rather than those of the volunteers.

For example, on average, volunteers only stay two weeks, which is not enough time for them to make their mark on the community they work with. It is easy to criticise this system and the hypocrisy of an industry that sells the experience of helping others while developing its own interests.

Ultimately, however, voluntourism creates important links to sources of funding for needy communities. These links could be impossible to make without the physical presence of volunteers. BOver the years, many students have chosen to do voluntary work overseas but now this has become far more complicated. The reason may be the growth of 'voluntourism ' agencies which are driven by an underlying commercial agenda.

This is not the only complication, however. The relationship between different countries is complex and many emerging market countries are booming. Some are arguably better run than so-called developed countries and, consequently, the view that help is a one-way gift is old-fashioned. In this case, agencies do have a part to play.

Voluntourism should be seen as a two-way exchange which is as good for the giver as the receiver. Your college would like to give foreign students who are th inking about coming t o your country to study better information about the college and surrounding area. Students have been asked to submit proposa ls for different ways of providing this information and outline how best to proceed with the idea.

A decision will then be made on which proposa l to implement. Write your proposal in words in an appropriate style. Complete the proposal with the words in the box.

Providing information about the college to foreign students IntroductionThe 1 of this proposa l is to e xp lain why I believe t ha t making a DVD would be a good way t o give foreign students additional informati o n about our college and the surrounding a r ea. I sha ll also 2 aspec ts that could be focused on in the DV D. The benefits of ma k ing a DVD 11 3 sending more printed information would be a comprehensive way of giving foreign students add i tional information , a purpose-made DVD would be more attractive and entertaining.

It would present the college and facilities i n a li ve ly manner and highlight several differen t aspects of s t uden t life. What to include in the DVD To give a n 4 impression o f college life, the DVD should show s cenes of students in class and als o in p l aces such as the cafe teria and library , as 5 as rela x ing outside in the summer weather and at a social event.

I n 6 to this , current students could be interv iewed to say what t hey enjoy about being here. We cou l d 7 include shots of th e town centre and beach t o show the attractions o f staying in our area. RecommendationsAssemble a project g ro up to coo rdinate the filming. Engage the photographi c s tudio in town to carry it out. Ask students to create and record the audio script for th e film. Fi nd a l ocal band to supply the backing tr ac k for th e finished DVD.

The dilemma of the expat Keyword transformations Part 4 For questions , complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Our brains are constantly processing information absorbed from all our senses, which enables us to An important aspect of this Use of Englishtwo.

This may be fascinating but it takes How does the writer feel about the research? I 1 IIt often feels as if all this frantic activity creates a constant state of twitchy anxiety.

Moreover, having read a hotly controversial book about the effect of digital media on the human mind, I may have very good reason to feel scared. Its thesis is simple enough: not only that the modern world's relentless informational overload is killing our capacity for reflection, contemplation and patience but that our online habits are also altering the very structure of our brains.

I 2 IThe writer then argues that the intern et' s 'cacophony of stimuli' and 'crazy quilt' of information have given rise to 'cursory reading, hurried and distracted thinking, and superficial learning' -in contrast to the age of the book, when intelligent humans were encouraged to be contemplative and imaginative.

I 4 IWhen I ask him how I might stop the internet's more malign effects on my own brain, he sounds slightly more optimistic than Carr: 'Try to balance online time with offline time: he tells me. But if you look at research on kids doing this, or exploring virtual worlds such as Second Life, the argument there is about immersion and engagement: LIT:]This all sounds both comforting and convincing, until I return to The Shallows and read a particularly sobering sentence: 'We are welcoming the frenziedness into our souls: There's something chilling about those words and even twenty stupid minutes on YouTube and an impulse buy from Amazon cannot quite remove them from my brain.

It was given to them o Find and correct the mistakes in the sentences. What I'd really like to study will be psychology instead of history. S What made her so angry the way was he spoke to her. B Add it, is, was or what in the correct place in the sentences. It's disturbing news but what means is we'll j ust have to rethink our policy. S I need to get money from the ATM -you must do is remind me' D Rewrite the sentences using cleft structures beginning with what.

I'd love to go to the cinema with you. S It's really hard revisi ng for an exam. This will be a response to part of a letter or email you have received.

Strategy:Read the task carefu lly and note the points you need to incl ude. Identify the function s you should use e. Write using an informa l style throughout. Incl ude interesting opening and closing sentences. D Look at the exam task below and the sample answer in Activity 2. Tick v' t he th ings the candidate has done. The exams start next week and I'm gettingreally stressed out about them.

I try to get in some revision whenever I can but nothing seems to stay in my head. You're really good at remembering stuff, so I wondered if you could give me any tips? Reply to the email offering your friend some advice. Write your ema il in words in an appropriate style. According to the w rit er, which one of t he statements is not true?

A Life is more stressful for musicians nowadays than in the past. B Musicians today will not be as famo us as those of the past. C Musicians will tour less in futu re than they did in the past. However, the world has changed and with the proliferation of communication channels and access to information and music sharing out. The future is unclear: will huge stadium gigs still be on the agenda or are bands going to S Touring bands have to We shouldn't 8 to conclusions but in future there may need to be a redefining of what success as an artist really m eans -and it could be different from that of the past.

Before he put forward the proposal, I'm sure he took the comments of local residents on board. He is less well-known, however, for his science fiction but to avid readers of that genre, he is considered one of the best writers of all time.

It is also quite possible that he predicted one of the most influential scientific inventions the world has ever seensomething that we all use and rely on every day: the internet! It is in a little-known short story called From the London Town of that a character invents a device called a 'telectroscope'. This is a machine that uses telephone line links across the world to enable him to see and hear what is going on in any place on the globe at a given time.

How familiar does that sound? The character, while on death row for a murder that he did not commit, uses his machine to 'call up' different places in the world and the narrator of the story comments that although in a prison cell, the man is 'almost as free as the birds.

The reader will be someone you do not personally know. Strategy:Use formal language throughout and make sure that you use appropriate opening and closing phrases. Address all the points in the task but try to use your own words as far as possible. You r sentences shou ld be neither too simple nor too complex and your paragraphs should make your points clear. Write your letter in words in an appropriate style. Read the sample answer aga in and complete it w ith phrases A-G.

I tki"k! Trek came up with them? There is an example at the beginning 0 Keyword transformations Part 4 For questions , complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Why does the writer start to feel more relaxed in the first paragraph'A He knows he will shortly regain his sight. S He has survived a difficult experience. C He begins to have faith in his guide.

D He is approaching the end of t he journey. S the level of training the dog is given. C the early stages of care when they are young. D the interaction between owner and dog. S surprised by the value of his own contributions. C confident that he could learn from the experience.

D undeterred by his physical problems. The writer mentions the 'fish and chip shop' toA illustrate the talents of a good guide dog. S correct a common illu sion. C explain a diffic ult proced ure. D emphasise the importance of t raining done by owners. S knowing how to direct the dog takes time. C relying on the dog takes considerable courage. D reacting to the dog's affection is important.

S He can identify with the satisfaction Gareth gets from his job. He wants people to send in their comments. A working life: the guide dog trainer As mobility instrudor for Guide Dogs for the Blind, Gareth Evans has th e rewarding iob of matching dogs to their owners,I'm blindfolded and frightened.

Cars are roaring past as I stumble along busy Leamington Spa pavements, terrified I'II unwittingly stray into the path of a vehicle. But Spriggs, the black Labrador whose brown training harness I'm desperately clinging to, soon has me at ease, calmly steering me around hidden obstacles, pedestrians, workmen and parked cars with every wag of his tail. Spriggs is close to finishing his training with Guide Dogs for the Blind and wiII soon be partnered with a visually impaired person.

At some point Spriggs wiII have been tutored by Gareth Evans, a local man who has worked with the charity for close to sixteen years.

Evans thinks there are many myths about the role of guide dogs. The dog is only helping them look out for roads and obstacles, it's not actually taking them anywhere -although if it learns a route, it might pop into a shop if the owner visits frequently.

When I am blindfolded and partnered with Spriggs for my walk, I immediately realise how big a jump it is from trusting your own eyesight to trusting that a dog wiII guide you safely around town.

For the first five minutes I am genuinely scared that my life is held in the paws of a canine I've never met but I slowly become attuned to Spriggs's subtle movements when he puIIs me to the left or right to avoid obstacles or as he prepares to stop at a kerb. I marvel as he obeys my command to turn right at one pavement edge. All the while Evans is telling me what to do, how to give the dog feedback, to pat him affectionately when he has done well, along with numerous other instructions.

By the time I take the blindfold off, I have genuinely bonded with Spriggs, to the extent that Evans jokes: 'I'd better check your bag to see you haven't stolen him: and I get an inkling of the incredible bond that dogs and owners must share. It then strikes me why Evans has been with Guide Dogs for the Blind for so many years: when you are a key part in forging so many beautiful relationships, partnerships that lead to vastly improved lives, why would you want to work anywhere else?

I will probably prefer the one you choose -I always dOl fJ Choose the correct answers to complete the sentences.

D Match the uses of participle clauses with the sentences A-F. S Courses specialising in teaching communication skills can be very useful. C Worrying about arguing with my boss meant I didn't actually raise the issue at the meeting. E Having lain awake all night, I was not in a good mood for work the next morning. F People joining dating websites are keen to find a partner.

El Rewrite the sentences in Activity 1 without using participle clauses. IJ Rewrite the sentences using participle clauses. I applied early, so I was very disappointed not to get tickets. S I understood the question, so I was able to give a good answer 6 I work with very talented people, so it makes for a very exciting en vironment. Strategy:Give as full an answer as you can with reasons and examples to support your opinion. Remember that, as in Part 3, any discussion should be balanced and show interaction.

D Look at the exam task. Then listen to different candidates doing the task and complete the phrases they use to agree or disagree. Here are some types of partnerships and a question for you to discuss.

IJ Read the Part 4 questions and two responses to each. Which is the weakest response in each case? Some people make prenuptial agreements before they get married. Do you think th is is a good th ing? WhyfWhy not? A I would never make a prenuptial agreement. I thi nk they're terrible things. B In some cases it can be a good thing -it rea lly depend s on the couple involved.

I suppose it gives a sort of security but. Two people could complement each other with their skills and abil ities and produce good work together Class 10 Maths Ch 2 Ex 2.2 Mod but they don't have to get on very well. B Best friends don't always make the best work colleagues. Just because you li ke someone doesn't mean that you'll work well together. In fact, it cou ld hurt your friendship, cou ldn't it' The re could be competition and rival ry.

No, not a good thing, in my opinion. Six sentences have been removed from the letter. Choose from the sentences A-F the one which fits each gap You work for a new website that helps match people and careers. You have been asked to write to the careers advisors at secondary schools and colleges to inform them about how you r website can help thei r students. You shou ld explain why t he website was set up.

That is where we at Student,' Choice come in. We have done a great deal of research into the different career opportunities available to students today and also consulted expert educational psychologists. As a result, our website provides valuable assistance for students who are about to make those all-important choices.

There is information about the range of careers open to students, interviews with prospective employers on the type of applican ts they are looking for and tests that students can take to show them the type of work that suits their personalities and requirements.

You are a university student and you are looking for a summer jo b doing voluntary work. You have found a website that offers a service to find voluntary work for students. Write an email to the website to ask them to find appropriate work for you. You should expla in the type of work you are looking for. Write your email in words in an appropria te style. Charles Spence is a chef.

If Read the article aga in. For questions , choose your answers from t he sections A-D. You may choose any of t he sections more t han once. In which section are the following mentioned? A Hovv vve taste different coloursWe've all heard that the first bite is taken with the eye but the link between our visual sense and our flavour perception may be stronger than you think, When I think of flavour perception, noses and taste buds primarily spring to mind , Sure, other factors such as texture , temperature and touch sensations play a part but taste and smell are the dominant senses here, right?

Well, perhaps not, You only have to consider the insatiable public appetite for food pictures masquerading as cookbooks to see there is meat to the old adage we eat with our eyes. Charles Spence, the Oxford experimental psychologist who helped Heston Blumenthal develop some of his playful multisensory signature dishes, places vision right up there with smell, in flavour's 'premier league', if you will.

This is, in part, why the colour of our food and drink can not only determ ine whether it is appetising but its flavour, too. B It is often said that we have an inherent aversion to bluefood because it appears so rarely in nature. Another popular theory is that we're attracted to red food because it signals ripeness, sweetness and calories. But is th is an innate preference? Probably not, thinks Chris Lukehurst, head of research at the Marketing Clinic.

How colour affects appetite is inconsistent andcontextual. Think about green food and you might picture fresh, nutritious rocket, watercress or cucumber. Or perhaps under,ripe, sour fru its. However, 'If I talk to you about green meat,' he says, 'your stomach probably turns.

If you get people t o eat it in the dark, says Spence, 'so they think it's normal, then you turn the lights up and show them the colour, some will get up and be sick straightaway. People will wolf down more from a mixed bowl than they will from a bowl full of their favourite colour, And a recent study from Cornwell University showed that you'll eat more, too, if your food colour matches the plate, while a contrast will have the opposite effect, D If you can't see colours, you might expect your other senses to sharpen and compensate but blind people don't taste or smell any more than anyone else.

They are, however, generally better at naming smells, which most sighted people struggle with , So they may not be tasting more intensely but they can identify flavours better without visual cues.

Not surprisingly, losing your sight can make eating stressful and it is thought to contribute to a diminished appetite in old age, But even losing the capacity to see colours can have adverse effects. In his book An Anthropologist on Mars, Oliver Sacks told the fascinating story of a man who experienced this after an accident. He found eating less pleasurable and started to choose black or white foods, or eat with his eyes closed , Following a discussion with Blumenthal, Spence and his team at Oxford did some research to discover who is the most easily influenced by the effects of colouring and found that those at the supertaster end of the spectrum rely less on thei r eyes.

For questions , use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. Music and sound -do filmmakers need them? Music and sound are part of any D Match the first half of the sentences with the second A-F.

B but all the critics got it wrong' C that he would make a fortune from his idea. E when it started to rain. F but she phoned to say she couldn't make it. IEI Find and correct the mistakes in the sentences. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. You read this notice on an entertainment website. People either love musicals or hate them. If you've been to a musical recently. We post reviewsboth positive and negative -every month, and your review could be read by a lot of people.

Send us your review giving recommendations and reasons for your opinions. Write your review in words in an appropriate style. There is an example at the beginning 0 Word formation Part 3 For questions , read the text below. A They try to produce som ething recognisably their own. B They are motivated by their own experiences. C They want to do things that other designers don't. D They understand the need to adapt to a changing market.

B are comfortable to wear. C are reasonably priced. D have a practical use. S Jason regards the production process asA challenging due to the pressures of time.

B satisfying because of the teamwork involved. C demanding due to the way things change. D rewarding because his designs come to life. A Finances could become a bigger problem. B Fashion could infiuence the wider business world. C It will be difficult to rnaintain their ideals. D They will have to sell their clothes to a wider market.

S He'll have finished the sales catalogue by the end of the day. IfJ Find and correct t he mistakes in the sentences. S It can to be argued that great works should be on show for everyone to enjoy. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similarmeaning to the first sentence, using the word given.

I much prefer to plan well ahead rather than make last minute decisions. A v Playin A Some actors have little rituals that they have to carry out every time they start a new part, which may be based on superstition. For them, acting involves a deep personal investment.

However, there are also practical considerations when taking on any new part. Is it better to learn all the words by rote, or through some kind of emotional memory? The script itself is fixed, but there are a million ways in which an actor can imagine saying the lines. Wherever this imagination comes from, the actor must first draw on things that they have experienced and know to be true. Because of this, actors are not necessarily the best judge of their own performance since they are too close to it, but if they use the practical techniques learned in drama school they will be better equipped to take on demanding roles and face their critics knowing they have performed well.

BIt's a strange thing that the world of the theatre is often connected with deceit and lying -after all, that's the stuff of good drama, and actors are simply playing a part.

But really it 's the opposite, as acting is essentially connected with bringing out some kind of truth. The fact is that truth is everything to do with humanity.

And the best part of an actor's job is to convey that and change the way people think about it. If an audience doesn't believe in a character on stage, it's not worth doing. In order to get an audience to believe, there has to be a shared understanding of what truth means; that involves the actor in thinking, evaluating and planning every move beforehand. That's when acting is at its most demanding, and learning the lines is actually quite mundane.

Actors have to do the same thing night after night, and may lose the ability to see how well it is being done or even engage emotionally. The irony is that actors must appear to be spontaneous, yet they know what the other characters on stage are going to say. The audience must believe in their characters and understand a greater truth. Yet clearly, the actor is simply playing a part, and how well he or she does that is for others to judge.

Some actors totally immerse themselves in the character they're playing, even staying in character when off-stage. Others consider this self-indulgent, and rely on imagination and spontaneity to carry them through.

After all, imagination is not something concrete that can be manipulated and the aim of the actor is to convey his or her version of the truth of the play to the audience. Every actor wants to achieve a performance that really reaches an audience and helps them look at something in a new way. You may, If you wish, make use of the opinions expressed in the discussion bu t you should use yo ur own words as far as possibl e.

Write your essay in word s in an appropriate style. The students looked the possibility into of developing the project. Ensure the second sentence uses the word given and that the answer is between three and six words long, including the word given. Allegedly, student s remember things with less difficulty when they see them than when they hear them.

The museum guidebook didn't give enough information for tourists. WASThe museum guidebook was notas informative enough as was less informative than tourists wanted. What mistake s has the candfdate made?

The candidate:isn't addressing the question. Compare two of the pictures and say what the people might be discussing and how they might be feeling. In the first picture there are three men standing round some scientific equipment.

They look as if they're talking about an experiment or something they've been doing. I don't think they're students -they're a bit too old, so they probably work as scientists. They're in a well-equipped laboratory. They're all wearing white, protective coats and special glasses.

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