The Great Ouse connects the Cam to the North Sea at King's Lynn : The total distance from Cambridge to the sea is about 40 mi 64 km and is navigable for punts, small boats, and rowing craft. In total, the Cam runs for around 69 kilometres 43 mi from its furthest source near Debden in Essex to its confluence with the Great Ouse. The original name of the river was the Granta and unusually its present name derives from the city of Cambridge Old English : Grantebrycge rather than the other way around: After the city's present name developed in Middle English , the river's name was backformed to match.
This was not universally applied, however, and the upper stretch of the river continues to be informally known as the Granta. It has been said [1] that the river is the "Granta" above the Silver Street Bridge map 11 in Cambridge and the "Cam" below it. The Rhee tributary is also formally known as the Cam, [2] [ dubious � discuss ] and the Granta has a tributary on its upper stretch also known as the Granta.
The Cam has no connection with the much smaller River Cam in Gloucestershire. An organisation called the Conservators of the River Cam was formed in , charged with keeping the river navigable. There are also many residential boats on this stretch, their occupants forming a community who call themselves the Camboaters. Navigation on the lowest section of the Cam, below and including Bottisham Lock, map 2 is the responsibility of the Environment Agency.
The stretch above Jesus Lock is sometimes known as the middle river with the section above the Mill Pond being referred to as the upper river. This is the section of river most popular with tourists, with its picture-postcard views of elegant bridges, green lawns and graceful willows. This stretch also has the unusual feature of the remains of a submerged towpath : the riverside colleges did not permit barge horses on the Backs, so the beasts waded up the Cam to the mill pulling their loads behind them.
Access for mechanically powered boats is prohibited above 'La Mimosa' Pub at the upstream end map 8 of Jesus Green map 6 between 1 April and 30 September, when the middle and upper river are open only to manually propelled craft. The most common of these are the flat-bottomed punts. Between 1 October and 31 March powered boats are allowed as far as Mill Pool, but few people take advantage of this, as there are very few public mooring places along the Backs, and the river is too narrow and the bridges too low to afford easy passing or turning for many boats.
Punts and canoes can be manhandled around the weir above the Mill Pool by means of the rollers, a slipway from lower to upper level. From the Mill Pool and its weir, the river can be followed upstream through Grantchester meadows to the village of Grantchester map 14 and Byron's Pool, map 15 where it is fed by many streams. The two principal tributaries of the Cam are the Granta and the Rhee , though both are also known as the Cam.
Running north out of Ashwell, it forms the county boundary between Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire for around two kilometres, then the boundary between Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire for a further kilometre.
At this point its course turns east and from here until it merges with the Granta it forms the parish boundary between a succession of villages, though until it reaches Barrington it remains at a distance of around a kilometre from any settlement of any size. Just after flowing under the Roman Ermine Street , it crosses the avenue of Wimpole Hall and a few kilometres later it receives the waters of the minor River Mel that runs through Meldreth. It runs along the southern edge of the village of Barrington, where it still powers a water mill known as Bulbeck Mill.
At Harston it passes Harston Mill, the site of a water mill from at least the 11th century until the need for mill died out in the midth century, and the parish church of All Saints. The longer tributary, the Granta, starts in the parish of Debden to the east the village of Widdington in Essex. After initially running south west to descend from the hills of Uttlesford , it turns north just west of the village of Henham.
Its northward journey passes first through Newport , where it is joined by the streams known as Wicken Water and Debden Water. A couple of miles later it forms a picturesque addition to views of the stately home as it flows past the front of Audley End House , and is also joined by the stream known as Fulfen Slade. It then skirts the edges of a number of villages as it moves into Cambridgeshire, successively Littlebury , Little Chesterford , Great Chesterford , Ickleton , Hinxton , Duxford and Whittlesford , powering a number of Upstream And Downstream River Questions water mills along the way.
Forming the boundary between Great Shelford and Little Shelford , it turns west to flow past Hauxton to merge with the Rhee a mile south of Grantchester at Hauxton Junction. A further tributary, also known as the Granta, runs 10 mi 16 km from south of Haverhill to join the larger Granta south of Great Shelford. Another minor tributary is Bourn Brook which has its source near the village of Eltisley , 10 mi 16 km west of Cambridge, running east through Caxton , Bourn and Toft to join the Cam at Byron's Pool.
At Trumpyngtoun, nat fer fro Cantebrigge, Ther gooth a brook, and over that a brigge, Upon the whiche brook ther stant a melle; And this is verray sooth that I yow telle: A millere was ther dwellynge many a day. The mill formerly stood by Brasley Bridge on Grantchester Road.
The mill pond is extant and the foundations of the mill can be seen when the water is low. Byron's Pool is named after the poet, Lord Byron , who is reputed to have swum there. It was certainly a bathing place for Rupert Brooke and the Cambridge neo-Pagans. Brooke used to canoe from Cambridge to lodgings in Grantchester, which included the Old Vicarage.
His homesick poem of evokes the river:. Her book, Period Piece , is a memoir of a childhood messing about on the river. The mill house is now part of Darwin College. Children's author Philippa Pearce , who lived in Great Shelford until her death in December , featured the Cam in her books, most notably Minnow on the Say. Edward King , in whose memory the elegy was composed, was a fellow student at Cambridge.
Like many rivers, the Cam is extensively used for several forms of recreational activity. These include angling, swimming and various kinds of boating. The water is not murky and is clean enough from its source to its confluence with the Great Ouse to support fish. The fishing rights on the west bank are leased annually to the Cambridge Fish Preservation and Angling Society.
The Cam below Bottisham Sluice may still hold burbot , a fish thought to be extinct in English waters since the early s. Above Hinxton and Great Chesterford the river holds a stock of wild brown trout, though it is also stocked by the Audley Fly Fishers club and other angling societies who own the rights.
All boats require a navigation licence [12] from either the Conservators of the River Cam or the Environment Agency. There are public moorings just below Jesus Lock on both sides of the river and on the western bank just north of the bridge at Clayhithe both with a maximum stay of 48 hours , and unofficial moorings on the railings adjoining Riverside in Cambridge unlimited stay, but usually fully occupied which are under review by Cambridge City Council and likely to be reduced to eight or nine formalised residential moorings, or removed altogether.
There are also some privately owned moorings. Punting is the most popular form of boating on the stretch of the river between Jesus Lock and Grantchester. Several of the colleges own punts, and they can also be hired from various companies, either with or without a person to operate them. The colleges and at least one private operator also own punts which are available for members of the public to travel on. Canoeing and kayaking , both recreational and competitive, are popular at all times of year, especially on the section above the Mill Pond towards Grantchester.
Powered boats may navigate as far upstream as La Mimosa restaurant next to Jesus Green all year round, and as far as the Mill Pool between 1 October and 31 March. The Cambridge Lent , May and Town Bumps rowing races, where boats set off at regular intervals, and the object is to catch and touch that is, 'bump' the boat in front, are held here. The Cam Sailing Club was founded in It is based at Clayhithe near Waterbeach and organises sailing races most weekends between March and November.
The local swimming club's annual swim from the Mill pond to Jesus Green was cancelled for some years in the past because of higher pollution levels.
Swimming on the upper river is popular in the summer, and people bathe at Grantchester Meadows all year round. Hardy bathers take part in the New Year's Day swim.
Cambridge had been an inland port due to its location on the River Cam prior to the draining of the Fens. As the university colleges rose in importance, the course of the river through the town, known as the Backs, was moved further to the east to accommodate their new buildings.
A report conducted in by Richard Atkyns highlighted the problems caused by sandbanks above Clayhithe and watermills obstructing navigation. An order made by the parliamentary Committee of the Association in regulated use of the river for trade, but the biggest change was the construction of Denver Sluice on the River Great Ouse, which reduced river levels on the lower river as tidal waters were excluded from the Ouse. Both the university and the Corporation of Cambridge complained to parliament in that the trade route to the town from King's Lynn had been severely impaired.
In , the Corporation sought to obtain an Act of Parliament which would allow them to improve the river from Clayhithe to Queens Mill at Cambridge. The Conservators, of which there were a maximum of eleven, had powers to mortgage the tolls, in order to raise capital for improvements to the river immediately. Most of the tolls were collected at Clayhithe. Prior to , Denver sluice had been destroyed, and although Cambridge Corporation opposed its reconstruction, it was rebuilt by The Convervators also raised some revenue from rents on the public houses which they owned adjacent to each of the sluices.
This act also appointed the vice-chancellor of the university and the mayor as navigation commissioners. Just three years later the Eastern Counties Railway reached Cambridge, and the navigation declined rapidly. Most commercial carrying on the river had stopped by World War I , although Banhams operated two steam tugs and three barges until the late s, carrying gas water from Cambridge Gasworks to King's Lynn, where it was used in the manufacture of fertiliser.
The last recorded passenger services had ceased nearly years earlier, in and were started again in with the passenger vessel moored on Jesus Green. Traffic using the river today consists of private cruisers making the journey to Jesus Lock, with the section above Baits Bite lock regularly in use by the University rowing clubs, both for practice and for races. Motorised craft can navigate along the Backs in winter, but headroom is severely restricted. The Conservators of the River Cam now have an office in the former lock-keepers cottage at Baits Bite, while the house at Clayhithe is now the residence of the foreman of the Conservators.
The Conservators are still responsible for the river above Bottisham lock, while the lower river has been managed by the Environment Agency since its creation in The three locks are all of different sizes.
Bottisham and Baits Bite locks are both fully automated, with a vertical guillotine gate at the upstream end and traditional mitre gates at the downstream end. Jesus lock is manually operated, and has mitre gates at both ends. Boat sizes are restricted to Jesus lock is only 9. The Cam is normally a placid river but flooding does occasionally happen. The most recent serious floods were in , first in February and again on 22�23 October.
The Environment Agency is responsible for managing water levels and issuing flood warnings for the entire river. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Tributary of the River Great Ouse. This article is about the river in Cambridgeshire. For other rivers of the same name, see River Cam disambiguation. View north towards Clare College bridge. Main article: River Granta. River Cam. United Kingdom portal Transport portal. Archived from the original on 22 April Archived from the original on 18 December
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