The 12 Metre class is a rating class for racing sailboats that are designed to the International rule. It enables fair competition between boats that rate in the class whilst retaining the freedom to experiment with the details of their designs.
The designation "12 Metre" does not refer to any single measurement on the boat, and is not referencing the vessels overall length, rather, measures the sum of the components directed by the formula which governs design and construction parameters. Typically 12 Metre class boats range from 65 to 75 feet about 20 to 23 m in length overall; they are most often sloop -rigged, with masts roughly 85 feet 26 m tall.
The first 12 Metres were built in The 12 Metre class boats are best known as the boat design used in the America's Cup from to Competitiveness between boats in the class is maintained by requiring the boats to be in compliance with the 12 Metre formula. Designers and builders are required to take into account such things as the sail area, the boat length at the waterline and the boat girth the measurement around the boat from one sideboard, under the keel , and then over the top on the opposite side back to the original side.
The measurements are then weighted in the formula. For example, the present formula takes the square root of the sail area rather than total area.
The combination of weighted measurements must be less than or equal to 12 metres. Designers are free to change any of the component variables, as well as other details, such as the size of the rudder and keel, so long as the corresponding changes elsewhere produce an ultimate sum of 12 metres and the resulting boat is both seaworthy and safe. Though disparity between boats are minimized by the rule, enough variation exists so that races are as much about design and construction as they are about seamanship and tactics.
The Formula and associated rules for designing and constructing 12 Metre yachts has been modified several times from inception in racing. The purpose of the Formula and rules was to encourage designer's creativity to optimize designs to get the best overall performance when racing while still maintaining competitive racing postures between different designs.
Although the Formula and Rules allowed for some creativity they were also intended to be comprehensive enough to eliminate loop holes which could result in an extreme design which conformed to the 12 Metre rule but completely outclassed other contemporary designs on the race course.
If the rules were considered to be too loose then it would discourage the building of new 12 Metre yachts for fear of a new boat being outclassed even before it was launched.
The Rules were typically updated in response to advances in areas such as material technology e. Used from onwards: [2]. Associated with the formula is an extremely comprehensive set of rules, which can be classified into two main areas: safety, and ensuring competitive racing. For example, the maximum total area of all cockpits is specified to minimise the chance of a boat being swamped in rougher seas.
Structural requirements are specified to ensure that strength is not sacrificed by the need to get weight low down in the keel. Materials are specified plus numerous other details concerning all aspects of the boat.
The intention is to challenge designers but ensure competitive racing. The America's Cup racing resumed in after World War II by a syndicate led by Henry Sears , more economical vessels were desired to replace the huge and expensive J-class yachts that were raced in the s; the 12 Metre class was selected.
The UK challenger was selected based on model tank testing and David Boyd's second design was chosen. Sceptre is currently owned and raced by the Sceptre Preservation Society. In , use of the 12 Metre class was ended, switching to International America's Cup Class boats for the competition. The latter part of the 20th century saw a big revival in interest in classic yachts including 12 Metre yachts and particularly those of wooden construction. There was an increasing number of prestigious regattas in attractive locations such as the Mediterranean and the Caribbean.
Also, a more prosperous global economy prevailed and the result was an increasing number of restorations and racing of older 'classic' 12 Metres. Potential restorers of older boats who wanted to race were potentially faced with a dilemma of whether to restore a boat to its original specification or make modifications to make an older design competitive with a newer design.
For example, a yacht designed under the First International Rule would have a wooden mast, gaff rig , and sails made of cotton; whereas yachts designed under the Third International Rule, such as Vim , had a metal mast, Bermuda rig , and sails made from Dacron. To encourage participation in racing and also engage the restoration process which remained true to the spirit of the original design, the 12 Metre class association introduced a handicapping system to allow 12 Metres of all ages to race together on a more equal footing.
The basis is a handicap applied to each boat according to the 'era' of its design to encourage owners to restore older boats and participate in exciting and sociable racing. A 12 Metre is classified as belonging to one of three periods. Each Period is defined as a range of dates which coincided with a particular type of keel or rudder design becoming widespread. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Redirected from 12 metre. Class symbol. The 12 Metre yacht Freedom. Main article: 12 Metre World Championship. Year v t e. See also: List of metre yachts. Archived from the original on Retrieved London: British Olympic Association.
Retrieved 10 June Classes of World Sailing. Olympic sailing classes. Nacra 15 Techno America's Cup. Deed of Gift Challengers and defenders Competing yacht clubs.
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Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Wikimedia Commons. Glen-Coats helmsman J. Downes mate J. Aspin John Buchanan J. Bunten A. MacIver helmsman J. Kenion mate J. Adam James Baxter W. Davidson J. Jellico T. Littledale C. MacIver C. Macleod Robertson J. Lionheart GBR. Victory '83 GBR. Kiwi Magic NZL. New Zealand NZL. Kiwi Magic ITA.
New Zealand Cameron Appleton. Kiwi Magic USA. Nyala ITA. Trivia GER. Sphinx GER. Vanity V DEN. Wikimedia Commons has media related to metre class.
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