Rouge Dragon Pursuivant of Arms. The complete works of Captain John Smith Bibliography: p. Includes index. Virginia -- History -- Colonial period, ca. New England -- History -- Colonial period, ca. America -- Discovery and exploration -- English -- Collected works. Barbour, Philip L. S59 Conrad Swan, York Herald. Segar recorded "a true coppy of the same" in the register of the then "Heralds of Arms" ibid.
Only the copy in the College of Arms is known to survive. Preparation of these volumes was made possible in part by a grant from the Research Materials Program of the National Endowment for the Humanities, an independent federal agency. In addition to the major sponsorship of the agencies listed on p. To the memory of all those who purposefully or accidentally have contributed to the preservation of the manuscripts, books, drawings, and maps that make it possible today to edit, annotate, index, and value the records of the past.
On December 21, , the editor of these volumes, Philip L. Barbour, died in Petersburg, Virginia. He had turned eighty-two that same day and was en route to Williamsburg from Louisville, Kentucky, his hometown. At the time of Mr. Barbour's death, each of the three volumes in the set was in a different stage of editing. For reasons that need not be explained here, Volume II had been prepared for the compositor first. By fall this volume was in page proof, and Mr. Barbour had had a chance to make final corrections.
Barbour's editorial work was basically complete. In the case of Volume I, the manuscript had already been perused by a recognized authority on John Smith's period, and Mr. Barbour had responded to detailed criticisms and had been able to make appropriate changes.
He had also approved most of the copy editing that had been done on the volume. The manuscript of Volume I, then, was entirely ready for the compositor by the end of Volume III had not yet been sent to an outside reader for criticism prior to Mr.
Barbour's death, nor had the manuscript been finally copy edited. It should be emphasized, however, that in the course of preparation of the manuscript, Mr. Barbour had been in regular consultation with editors at the Institute of Early American History and Culture, and his work had been scrutinized piecemeal. In consequence, neither the outside critical reading nor the final copy editing resulted in any significant changes in the manuscript.
Barbour's close reading of the galley and page proof, which has been a considerable handicap, especially in the case of the substantive footnotes. On the other hand, the copy text of all three volumes had been prepared by Mr. Barbour long before his death, and the faithfulness of the text presented here to that copy text has been authenticated by multiple oral readings of the copy text against the proofs by members of the Institute staff.
Barbour had undertaken only preliminary planning of the index before he died. Knowing, however, that preparation of the index was a task too massive for him at his advanced age and that page proof of Volume III would not be available for another year, he requested, only months before he died, that the Institute arrange to have Mrs. Alison M. Quinn take over the job, which she was able to do. It was Mr. Barbour's goal to have his editorial tasks completed by , the quadricentennial anniversary of Smith's birth, and happily this goal was achieved.
We are grateful, too, that Mr. Barbour thought to ensure the financial health of the project by a provision in his will -- a complete surprise to the Institute staff -- assigning a portion of his estate for Institute use. The Barbour fund was critically important at the last stages of editorial and production work. Thad W. The first attempt to present Capt. John Smith's works objectively and with sympathetic understanding of their character was made by Edward Arber in Before that, and since the days of their original printing, only scattered bits had been republished for one or another reason -- on occasion even merely to disparage or glorify the man or what he wrote, depending on the publisher's bent.
Arber, perhaps spurred by the specific doubts raised in the nineteenth century regarding Smith personally, collected and reprinted all but one of the major works, and added thereto a considerable section dedicated to contemporary writings relevant to Smith's career. This work, entitled Captain John Smith Works, Birmingham, , has now served for a century as the basic edition of Smith. Its excellence, rather than any want of assiduity on the part of more recent scholars, has certainly been responsible for the lack of a later edition.
Yet modern research soon made a revision desirable, and that meant an edition that would supply such notes and comments as would make Smith more fully understandable. The present edition includes a transcription of Smith's letter to Francis Bacon of , which was omitted by Arber but constitutes the first draft of Smith's New Englands Trials This latter in turn was reprinted with additions in New Englands Trials Although the three versions are identical in part, each later one contains added material, thereby providing some insight into the development of Smith's plans for colonization.
Next, Arber omitted the Sea Grammar from his edition, presumably on the grounds that it is a mere expansion of Smith's Accidence. In this case, however, the omission is more serious than in that of the letter to Bacon. The material Smith added to the Sea Grammar was taken, generally verbatim, from one of the manuscript copies then circulating of Sir Henry Mainwaring's "Dictionary of Sea Terms" the title is variously phrased , which was not printed until long after both Mainwaring and Smith were dead.
Smith did not outrightly copy Mainwaring's book, but he used it as a source for good definitions of nautical terms that for the most part he had already published in his Accidence , much as the present editor has used the Oxford English Dictionary to explain obscure or obsolete words. The difference is that today we acknowledge our debts to our sources, while in few borrowing writers bothered to do so, and rarely indeed was the original writer, thus abused, known to complain.
London, , that contain excerpts from Smith's notes or to recognize the importance of other documents in Purchas that add to our knowledge of Smith, or in the case of the True Travels provide an earlier version of a later work. Parenthetically, we may add that two poems by Smith have been discovered recently in the form of published commendatory verses for books by friends. These indirectly confirm Smith's authorship of the poem that introduces the Advertisements. In the case of the present editor, a fading memory of a visit to Jamestown's th anniversary in persuaded him to return for the th anniversary in This brought about renewed interest in Smith and the acquisition of a copy of Arber.
Finding that some details of southeastern European geography that had perplexed Arber were quite simple to verify through modern historical maps, the present editor undertook first an explanatory article or two, and then deliberately set out to try his luck with a biography of Smith based on known facts, illustrated with controlled flights of imagination but virtually devoid of bald legend. There, in an appendix by Dr. Laura Polanyi Striker, he found evidence of the first scholarly investigation into the Hungarian and provincial Austrian sources.
To pass over extraneous details, the editor's training in linguistics and experience as a newspaperman and intelligence officer had long since been that of an investigator. Impartial investigations in European archives steadily yielded circumstantial evidence in support of Smith's personal narratives, making the biography in progress a fait accompli.
But, more important, these investigations aroused the interest of Dr. Lawrence W. Towner, then editor of the William and Mary Quarterly , to the extent that the desirability of a new edition of Smith's works was broached. Arber's original edition had become scarce, as had even the reissue of and the reprint of with a new introduction by A. Then, there were the works omitted by Arber the letter to Bacon, the Sea Grammar , and the bits included as "Fragments" in Volume III of this edition , and there was the need for annotation, including the results of the latest research in many fields.
Towner had already considered attacking the problem singlehandedly, but early in he got in touch with the present editor with the idea of joining forces. Due to other commitments on both parts, however, nothing concrete resulted from our discussions. Finally, in , five years after the publication of the present editor's life of Smith The Three Worlds of Captain John Smith , Boston, , the Jamestown Foundation celebrated the th anniversary of the first Virginia Assembly.
On this occasion, the chairman of the foundation, the Honorable Lewis A. McMurran, Jr. Agreement was soon reached. Towner by then occupied with the Newberry Library, of which he is now president and librarian , willingly committed his dream to the present editor, and the Jamestown Foundation now the Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation contributed the funds necessary for further research, as well as partial support for publication.
In this way, the editor was able to take charge by Although many problems remained to be solved, thanks to the efforts of Lewis McMurran and Lawrence Towner, the objective has become a reality. The many others who have helped make this edition possible, in addition to these "prime movers" as Smith would have called them , are mentioned below.
A basic acknowledgment of debt to my forerunners in treating of John Smith's works is meet and proper, even though a wide and deep chasm often divides our aims and our conclusions. This chasm is the passage of time: the chronos of Homer, from which we have formed the word "chronology.
My most lasting debt in connection with this work, however, is to those who made its specific production possible. I therefore begin my acknowledgments with those who have granted me the most practical aid.
Foremost of these is the National Endowment for the Humanities, to which I express my hearty thanks for a grant in direct support of my research in , and, four years later, for a Folger Library-NEH Senior Fellowship toward the same end, and in response to the need for study in greater depth of several problems raised particularly by Smith's True Travels.
Another sponsor, already mentioned, is the Jamestown-Yorktown Foundation, heir to the Jamestown Foundation, whose generosity has been of help to me personally as well as to publication. And finally, two other sponsors have lent their support in more ways than one: the Newberry Library, Chicago; and the Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Virginia.
Towner, Dr. Wilcomb E. Washburn, and Dr. David Woodward. To all of these I extend my sincerest appreciation for advice and support. Tate, director of the Institute of Early American History and Culture, has been the principal administrator of the project almost from its inception.
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