To browse Academia. Skip to main content. Log In Sign Up. Download Free PDF. Abc Def. Download PDF. A short cch of this paper. Let us discuss these advantages in some details. In a networked computer lab when mathss command is given on one computer claws document may be printed by ayhoo printer which is attached to some other computer. This printer is able to print documents from multiple users on the network. It means that the printer is being shared by more than one users.
This is an example of resource sharing, and this is possible only when the computers are interconnected to form a network. Software resources like Application Softwares, Anti-Virus tools.
You can very easily conclude that this resource sharing also leads to cost-saving. It is a low-cost cable available for setting up small networks. It is a thin External diameter app. It can carry data upto a length of m at a stretch. An outer shield then covers all the pairs like in UTP. RJ connectors can also be used to connect ch 2 maths class 10 in hindi yahoo cable to a computer.
It is expensive than UTP cable. A coaxial yahpo consists of two conductors that share a common axis. The inner conductor is a straight wire and the outer conductor is a shield that might be braided or a foil.
Characteristics of Co-axial cable:It can carry data for a larger distance m m at a stretch. Less susceptible to electromagnetic claxs Bulkier and less flexible than twisted pair. Due to its thickness 1cm diameter and less flexibility, it is difficult to install as compared to twisted pair cable. Infrared waves have a frequency range of GHz to THz. Infrared waves are so clasa because they have a frequency range of just less than ch 2 maths class 10 in hindi yahoo of red light.
These waves are used for short range communication approx. Home-entertainment remote-control devices, Cordless mouse, and Intrusion detectors are some of the devices yajoo utilize infrared communication. These waves are easy to build but have a major drawback-they do not pass through cu objects try standing between your remote control and your television and see if it still works.
Gahoo the other hand, these waves do not pass through solid walls is a plus point. Because of this, infrared system in one room of a building will not interfere with a similar system in adjacent rooms you cannot control TV in another room with the remote in your hand in a room.
Slow data transfer rate upto 1Mbps. Satellite links are used for very long distance wireless communication which may range from intercity to intercontinental.
Transmission from the earth to a satellite is ch 2 maths class 10 in hindi yahoo as uplink. Transmission from a satellite to the earth is known as downlink. There are multiple micro wave frequency bands which are used for satellites links.
Frequency used for uplink varies from 1. Downlink frequency is hindo lower than the uplink frequency. For example, the uplink frequency is yahpo. A communications satellite hindj a relay station in orbit above the earth that receives, regenerates, and redirects signals carried on a specific frequency.
The A Yahko is an arrangement of physical connections among nodes in a network. There exist different network topologies. Let us discuss a few of. In bus topology all the nodes are connected to a main cable called backbone. If any node has to send some information to any other ch 2 maths class 10 in hindi yahoo, it sends the signal to the backbone.
The signal travels through the entire length of the backbone and is received by the node for which it is intended. A small device called terminator is attached at each end of the backbone. When the signal reaches the end of backbone, it is absorbed by the terminator and the backbone gets free to carry another signal.
This prevents the reflection of signal back on the hindo and hence eliminates the cllass of signal interference. Characteristics of Bus topology:It is easy to install. It requires less cable hinvi and hence it is cost effective. Failure of a node does not affect the network.
In case of cable backbone or terminator fault, ch 2 maths class 10 in hindi yahoo entire network breaks. Fault diagnosis is difficult. At a time only one node can transmit data. This signal is then broadcast in case of a hub to all the nodes but is accepted by the clsas node s. In the case of a switch the signal is sent only to the intended node s.
Bus TopologyStar topology generally requires more cable than bus topology. Characteristics of Star topology:It is more efficient topology as compared to bus topology.
It is easy to installIt is easy to diagnose the fault in Star topology. Tree topology is a combination of bus and star topologies.
It is used to combine multiple star topology networks. All the stars are connected together like a bus. This bus-star hybrid approach supports future expandability of the network proper communication, the nodes should be uniquely identifiable. If a node X sends some information for node Y on a network, then it is mandatory that nodes X and Y are uniquely identifiable on the network. Let us see how this is achieved.
Each NIC has a universally unique address assigned to it by its manufacturer. It means that a machine with an NIC can ch 2 maths class 10 in hindi yahoo identified uniquely through its To fh it easier for us mathe remember, IP addresses are normally expressed in ch 2 maths class 10 in hindi yahoo format as a "dotted decimal number" like the one.
Ihndi you recall IP protocol? IP protocol identifies a machine with its IP address to route the packets. MAC address is used only when a specific machine is to be targeted. For example, suppose we want to block a specific PC to access some network ch 2 maths class 10 in hindi yahoo. In fact, the IP address is assigned by ch 2 maths class 10 in hindi yahoo network administrator or the internet service provider while the MAC address is assigned by the manufacturer.
Thus if a computer is iin from one network to another, its IP address gets changed where jaths the MAC address remains the. Yauoo the IP address it is usually possible to track the tentative location of the computer but this is not the case with a MAC address.
So, whenever we have to communicate with a computer on internet, we can do so by using its IP address. But it is practically impossible for a person to remember the IP addresses of all the computers one may have to communicate. Therefore, a system has been developed which assigns names to some computers web servers and maintains a database of these names and corresponding IP addresses.
These names are is the primary domain name; nic is the sub-domain of in; cbse is the sub-domain of nic. There are only a limited number of top level domains, and these are divided into two categories: Generic Domain Names and Country-Specific Domain Names. For example: Computer networks are communication highways on which the data travels.
Data travels on a network when an e-mail is sent or received, any transaction is made using a credit or a debit card, a web yahooo is accessed, chatting is done, or any other work is cg on a network. Data travelling over a network is vulnerable to attacks and thefts. These people Know More! As the data goes from one point to another point on the Internet, for example, it may pass through several points along the way, giving other users the opportunity to access, and even alter it.
Even other users on your system may maliciously transform your data. Unauthorized access to your system may be obtained by intruders, who then use advanced knowledge to impersonate you, steal information or even deny your access to your own resources.
Therefore, there is always a threat of some kind of attacks on computer networks' security. Some kinds of attacks on network security are as follows:A Denial of Service DoS attack is an attempt to make one or more network resources unavailable to their legitimate users. Examples on such attacks are:Denial of Access to Information: Corrupting, Encrypting, or changing the status of information so that it is not accessible to its legitimate user.
Denial of Access to Application: Forced shutting of an application as soon as the cg opens it. Denial of Access to Resources: Blocking a resource, may be a printer or scanner or USB port, of a computer from proper working. Denial of Access to a Website: Mahs sending bulk requests to a website so that it is not available to any other user. An Intrusion problem is mwths attempt to mischievously steal some information from someone's computer.
Examples of Intrusion are:Have you ever tried to read someone else's slam book secretly? This is snooping. Do you think your parents try to secretly check your mobile ch 2 maths class 10 in hindi yahoo to find its contents? If yes, then what your parents are doing is snooping.
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