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Here, you get to know how the history of the contemporary world is intimately connected with the growth of print. You will see how printing made possible the spread of information and ideas, debates and discussions, advertising and propaganda, and a variety of new forms of literature. A brief summary of all the five chapters of Class 10 History is provided below:.
Nationalism is an ideology that promotes devotion and loyalty to the nation or we can say that it is a movement that develops a sense of consciousness towards your nation. In this chapter, we get to know about the idea of nation and the making of nationalism in Europe.
This chapter has total 10 questions based on the concepts included in it. Chapter 2 - Nationalism in India This chapter gives us information about various movements that took place in India to gain the basic identity of the Nation. You will learn about the Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience movements that helped in igniting the spirit of nationalism among the Indians. This chapter talks about how Congress sought to develop the national movement which got active participation from different social groups.
We also get to know how the united struggle for freedom of the country helped to develop a sense of collective belonging among people. In this chapter, students will have total eight questions to practice. In this chapter, we get to know about the long history of trade and migration of people that gave rise to the making of the global world. It explains how the culture, technology, and ideas were exchanged between the nations. We learn about the globalisation, silk routes, the role of technology and trade were in this chapter.
There are total nine questions in this chapter. NCERT solutions will help to understand all these complex topics in the easiest and simplest way. This was the period of 18th and 19th centuries when industrialization actually began. This chapter explains how the age of industrialisation marked the beginning of modernisation.
It stimulated the process of setting up of new factories, production of goods on a large scale that eventually gave a push to the worldwide trade. This chapter focuses on the history of Britain which was the first industrial nation. Gandhiji organised Satyagraha against Rowlatt Act in because a the Act was unjust, which denied the civil rights to Indians.
Why was Satyagraha organised in Champaran in ? Why did the Indians oppose the Rowlatt Act? Why did Gandhiji organise a Satyagraha in Ahmedabad Mill in ? Who among the following two leaders led the Khilafat Movement? What is meant by begar? What does the term Khalifa refer? Mark the correct response Under the Inland Emigration Act of the peasants were not permitted to a leave their village b settle in the city c leave their plantation without permission d allow the women to leave farmlands without permission.
Why was the Simon Commission sent to India? Why was the Round Table Conference held in England? By whom was the first image of Bharatmata painted? During which of the following movements did the women participate in large numbers for the first time? What kind of movement was launched by the tribal peasants of Gudem Hills in Andhra Pradesh? Which of the following is the most important factor for the growth of nationalism in India? Why did General Dyer open fire on peaceful crowd in Jallianwalla Bagh?
Mark the most important factor a To punish the Indians. The sense of being oppressed under colonialism provided a shared bond that tied many different groups together. As each class and group felt the effects of colonialism differently, their experiences were varied and their notions of freedom were not always the same, so the Congress under Mahatma Gandhi tried to forge these groups together within one movement. War loans were taken and more taxes were imposed.
Custom duties were raised. Income tax was introduced. The rise in prices led to extreme hardships for the people. There was widespread discontentment in the rural area due to forced recruitment of soldiers.
In and crops failed in many parts of India resulting in acute shortages of food. There was influenza epidemic too. According to the Census of , twelve to thirteen million people perished as a result of famines and epidemics.
People thought that their hardships and suffering would come to an end after the war but that did not happen. So these factors were responsible for the rise of nationalism Ncert Solutions Class 10th Political Parties Youtube in India. On the other hand, the government got the Rowlatt Act passed in the Imperial Legislative Council against the united opposition of the Indian members. The Act gave the government enormous powers to repress political activities.
It allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years. These provisions meant the suspension of two principles of justice � trial by jury and habeas corpus � the rights safeguarding against illegal imprisonment. The Rowlatt Act was considered as Black Law and the Indians under the leadership of Gandhi decided to oppose it by non-violent civil disobedience which would start with a hartal on 6 April.
Gandhiji thought that Satyagrahis needed to be properly trained before they would be ready for mass struggles. This was in context of the incident in Chauri-Chaura, a village in Gorakhpur district UP where twenty two policemen were brutally killed after they had fired on a political procession. There had been disturbances in Madras and Calcutta also.
The above factors made it clear that the country was not yet ready of mass movement. So Gandhiji prevailed upon the Congress Working Committee to call off the movement. Satyagraha is pure soul-force. Truth is the very substance of the soul. That is why this force is called Satyagraha. The soul is informed with knowledge. It burns the flame of love. Non-violence is the supreme dharma.
The idea of Satyagraha emphasised the power of truth and the need to search for truth. It suggested that if the cause was true, if the struggle was against injustice, then the physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor.
Without seeking vengeance or being aggressive, a satyagrahi could win the battle through non-violence. In Satyagraha, people including the oppressors � had to be persuaded to see the truth, instead of being forced to accept truth through the use of violence. In this way by this struggle, truth was bound to ultimately triumph. Mahatma Gandhi believed that this dharma of non-violence would unite all Indians.
The movement in the cities: The Movement started with middle-class participation in the cities. Thousands of students left government-controlled schools and colleges, headmasters and teachers resigned, and lawyers gave up their legal practices. Swadeshi goods, especially cloth got a great impetus. Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed, and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfires.
Impact on industry: In many places, merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade. Due to this, the demand for Indian textile mills and handlooms went up. The increase in demand provided a big relief to the vanishing textile industry of India. In Awadh, peasants launched the movement against the talukdars and landlords.
Whereas the plantation workers launched the movement against the tea estate owners. II Peasants in rural areas. The problems of the rural people were different from those of the urban people: The talukdars and landlords were demanding very high rents and a variety of other taxes. The peasants had no security of tenure. They were regularly evicted so that they could acquire no security of tenure. The peasant movement demanded: Reduction of revenue Abolition of begar Redistribution of land Social boycott of oppressive landlords.
Most of the tribal people were dependent on forests for their livelihood but under the new Forest Policy, the government had put several restrictions on the people : Closing large forest area for the tribal people.
Forcing the local people to contribute begar. Preventing people from entering the forests to graze their cattle, or to collect fuelwood and fruits. The government had passed the Inland Emigration Act of under which plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea estates without permission, and in fact, they were rarely given such permission.
When the plantation workers heard of the Non-Cooperation Movement, thousands of them defied the authorities, left the plantations and headed towards their homes. The plantation workers believed that the Gandhi Raj was coming, and everyone would be given land in their own villages. The Salt March was an effective symbol of resistance against colonialism because- It was the first time that Indian leaders decided to violate law.
People were now asked not only to refuse cooperation with the British, but also to break colonial laws. Thousands of Indians in different parts of the country broke the salt law, manufactured salt and demonstrated in front of the government salt factories.
As the movement spread, foreign cloth was boycotted and liquor shops were picketed. Worried by the development, the colonial government began arresting the Congress leaders, one by one.
This led to violent clashes in many places. Angry crowd demonstrated in the streets, facing armoured cars and police firing. Many were killed. When Mahatma Gandhi himself was arrested, industrial workers in Sholapur attacked police posts, municipal buildings, law courts and railway stations � all structures that symbolised the British rule.
By this Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Gandhiji consented to participate in a Round Table Conference in London and the government agreed to release the political prisoners. Women participated in large numbers in the Civil Disobedience Movement.
During the movement, thousands of women came out of their homes to listen to Gandhiji. They participated in protest marches, manufactured salt, and picked foreign cloth and liquor shops. Many were put to jail by the police. The different political leaders differed over the question of separate electorates because of the following reasons : 1 The Congress leaders opposed the policy of the British Government in instigating different peoples in demanding separate electorate.
Multiple Choice Questions 1.
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