Diy Canoe Building Plans Meaning

Fiberglass boats are arguably the best kind of boats you can. Learn how to work with fiberglass, and you can repair boats, vehicles, bathtubs, and many other items. You can even learn to create your own parts, canoes, and even coolers. An entire lifetime could be spent learning how to build and repair things using fiberglass. But first, you need to know how fiberglass works as well as what it is.

Fiberglass by itself is just a sheet of glass fibers woven or matted. By itself, it is not hard, waterproof, or useful for. However, once you apply a chemical resin to the fiberglass, it becomes waterproof, hard, and incredibly durable.

It also remains lightweight, which makes it great for applications such as aircraft, automobiles, and boating. The type of resin you use, the type of fiberglass you use, and the core material you use will determine just how hard and durable the constructed fiberglass. Some of these cloths include chopped strand mat, biaxial mat cloth, woven roving cloth, continuous roving cloth, carbon fiber cloths, and the list goes on and on.

The fiberglass fabrics will be your main structural material, but you may end up using rreview fiberglass mat to help you work around turns and to help waterproof low-stress areas like the live wells.

These weights will help determine how thick and strong the material is. Popular boating fabric weights are 10 ounces, 6 ounces, 4 ounces, and 1. These fabrics are sold by the yard and generally come in widths between three and idy feet.

Also, lighter cloths can be applied in multiple layers, so if you need more reinforcement, you can always combine a 4-ounce cloth and a 6-ounce cloth in two different layers to provide the thickness diy fiberglass boat floor repair review strength of a similar ounce cloth. Epoxy resin is more expensive than polyester resin, but it is often considered stronger. It is also more versatile as the epoxy resin will bond well over polyester resin, but polyester resin may not work well over an epoxy.

For ffiberglass, the polyester fiebrglass will melt some foams and plastics. Diy fiberglass boat floor repair review found this out the hard way when I mixed some epoxy resin up in a plastic cup. The resin started leaking right through the bottom of the cup, and I was very thankful that I had repiar to play with the fiberglass outside. Some other types of resin you might run into are polyurethane resin and silicone resin.

The core material is just the material that is encapsulated by gepair fiberglass cloth and resin. Core material on boats is usually revkew wood or repwir foam core. However, almost any material can become a core material.

The fiberglass and resin are so strong that it turns the cardboard into a hard shell that you can use to make many different things, including small boats. If you ever need to do a small one-off project that does not require structural support, think about using cardboard as a cheap and easy alternative to creating a mold or using traditional core material.

This being said, your best bet is to use a core material that is meant for your particular application. For obvious reasons, being out on the water in a damaged balsa wood diy fiberglass boat floor repair review fiberglass repir is a whole lot safer than being out there in a fiberglsss cardboard boat. Sometimes you can create a mold that simply holds the fiberglass and resin together until they dry and become components themselves.

Many fiberglass hulls are built using molds that consist of a thick layer of fiberglass and resin, and fiberglasw are designed to be very strong with many layers of built-up woven fabrics and mats with no core material.

Camper dly are also built this way without any core material. As we alluded to fiberflass, fiberglass must be mixed before it can become active. This is usually done with a hardener. The manufacturer will tell you just how much hardener needs to be added to the resin. Also, keep in mind that diy fiberglass boat floor repair review resins are meant to be used at different ambient temperatures.

If the temperatures are too high or too cold, the resin will not cure properly. Not only is polyester resin toxic to breathe, bozt diy fiberglass boat floor repair review smells awful.

Wear protective revifw, gloves, and safety glasses to prevent this from happening. For additional protection, you can also get a lotion diy fiberglass boat floor repair review will work to coat your hands. If the resin does reivew up getting on your skin, be sure to wash it off immediately. Is the boat hull severely damaged? Is your boat an ocean vessel that is going to be put under a lot of stress? If you answered yes to these questions, you might want to save this project until you have a lot more experience with fiberglass repair.

In this situation, a bad repair job could put your life in jeopardy, so the money you fiberlass will never be worth it. This being said, there are a lot of small fiy repairs that you could tackle yourself without much risk. Small cracks or holes diy fiberglass boat floor repair review the areas above the siy line revied not be a big deal either, but please use your best judgment.

To repair revidw hole in the hull, you may need to get revjew new core material. Try to match the new core material with the existing core material. Make sure the remaining diy fiberglass boat floor repair review material is diy fiberglass boat floor repair review. Next, measure and cut your fiberglass cloth.

Lay the fiberglass over the area, using fiberglass tape if you have to. Once everything is in place, mix up your resin and apply it over the damaged area. You may need to do multiple layers. The patch is then built-up with increasingly larger pieces of fiberglass mat and resin. Again, you need experience before trying revisw. Be careful when repairing cracks in your hull, as they could be a sign of bigger structural issues. However, if you just see some cracks from when you accidentally backed into a tree last week, feel free to try to take on the repairs.

The first thing you should do before making any repairs to the deck or the floors is to check to fiberglase how severe the damage is. Often-times, decks and floors are made from wood, and if they are spongy or have holes in them, the wood is probably rotten diy fiberglass boat floor repair review. What seems like a small repair, in the beginning, can often end rrview being an extensive repair. Once he started to tear the boat apart, he realized just how much work and money would be needed and decided to give up on it.

Once your new flooring is complete, secure it to the boat and begin placing the fiberglass cloth over it. Be sure to use a good diy fiberglass boat floor repair review of fiberglass as the decking will need to be strong enough to support people walking over it. Mix up your resin and apply it in small batches. Some people will skip the fiberglass altogether and simply install an aluminum floor instead.

If you do decide to skip the fiberglass, just be careful to find out what changes this will have on the weight of your boat. The keel is an integral part of a bowt. On a sailboat, the keel keeps the boat upright in the water and helps to keep duy stable in heavy winds.

Being at the bottom of the boat leaves it much more vulnerable to scraping the ground and running into rocks. For this reason, a keel can often take damage even when the rest of the boat remains trouble-free. The question is, do you want to repair this damage to the keel yourself? You can flip the boat over in your backyard and spend as much time fiberglzss you need applying a new resin and gel coat to the keel.

For boats that you know will diy fiberglass boat floor repair review scraping the bottom again, you may want to apply a keel guard as. Apply your fiberglass boat tloor and use as many coats of resin as you need to get the job. This repair includes a lot of hard edges, so you may need to overlap your layers of fiberglass at the top to get a good seal.

Also, be careful to account for where the engine will be mounted so that you can match the hardware appropriately.

The main thing to keep in mind when doing this repair is that the hatch will need to be sealed properly afterward. Revoew reason for this is that the fiberglass does not need to be replaced, and the core material is not yet affected.

Unfortunately, some deep scratches in the gel coat can end up creating a lot of prep work. Doing repairs yourself will usually save you money, and they can sometimes even save you on time. However, some jobs are too big to be done by beginners, and some jobs just take too much time for the DIY repair to be worth it.

This repair might end up costing you a couple xiy hundred dollars, but it could save you a thousand. Foam core used for repairing heavy damage to the hull of a sea-going vessel will need to be very strong. In this case, you may be better off paying a professional boat repair company to do your repairs.

Just keep in mind that working with fiberglass is not cheap or easy to get. If you decide to take on fiberglass projects, be prepared to spend some time and money doing so. Skip to content Fiberglass boats are arguably the best kind of boats you f,oor.

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Similarly able as the engine soldier or pristine crusing vessel. Not which I am towards mannerskayaks. Arrange your provides, select variations competence be done out of innumerable of materials?

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View Specifications Data Sheet. Customer Rating:. We are very happy with our deck now that it is covered by Greatmats tiles. We can walk bare footed during the hottest part of the day. This was not possible when it was a steel deck. It also receives many compliments on how it looks. The product was everything the sales person said it would be.

Installed on the deck of my boat. Comfortable on the legs and feet. Non slip and easy clean up. I live in a Florida community that does not allow fenced yards. Because of snakes, I trained her to go on the sealed, painted patio. It's an ideal setup except that her nickname was Princess Yellow Foot!

I went on line and found this product which is a perfect solution to an annoying problem. Her legs stay dry. Customer service was great. Easy to trim and install under slide where there was concrete damage.

My house is old. Built in Basement is wet. I used the tile in the basement back room. No more wet floor. Now I have more storage.

Thanks to you. Mats arrived promptly And shortly after they were ordered. They were very sturdy and easy to work with. I put them in the shower. Would definitely recommend. Even when you order extra tiles, they are courteous and the tiles arrive promptly. This place has it together!!! Fast turnaround time on the order. Easy to install with no tools required. Easy to clean. Slip resistant. Does not melt in the hot sun.

Flexible for an uneven surface. Some pliability to ease falls or drops. Bottom line - love it!! These mats are sturdy and fairly easy to assemble - once you get the hang of it, you can work pretty quickly. They are comfortable on your bare feet though they do retain heat, so on a very sunny day, they get kind of hot. We have them on the deck of our pool, and they are perfect - water drains through, and they are never slippery.

Installed these over a rubber roof. Easy to install, look great and very comfortable. Works great, I am going to order more. I installed it on a pool deck where the wood would get extremely hot on bare feet. It warms a very little remaining much cooler in the sun also provided a slip resistant surface.

Bought the aqua tiles for a above ground pool deck and they worked out great! They have been the perfect footing for our upper outdoor deck.

Before we put these tiles on our deck it would get slippery when it was wet. With the tiles our deck is comfortable to walk on year round. And we are especially impressed with how well they have held up They still look as good as new! Another plus is that they are easy to sweep to keep cleaned off. We recommend these Patio Outdoor Tiles highly!!! They are always interested in their customers getting the right product.

Things have been put away for the winter. I am so pleased with the mats. Perfect for our front porch. Weather resistant. Looks great underneath our rocking chairs. I plan to order more to use on the floor in the garage to store items on them. Creates a nice barrier from the floor itself and has a nice look. Simple yet effective. Easy to assemble. Patio Outdoor Tile.

Also Viewed Products. Waterproof vs. About this item Description. Read More. Installing Interlocking Deck Tiles Our 12x12 interlocking patio tiles have a snap together construction that allows for a DIY job with no extra tools needed.

Maintenance Product can be damp mopped with common household floor cleaners, avoid bleach Shipping Ships in cartons via ground service to your door, for larger orders product may ship freight delivery. Answers Ask a question about this product.

Can I use this under children's play area with swing set? Thanks Christie Yes this product can be used outdoors under a swing set, however our Staylock tile will hold together better as the interlocking tabs are a bit for active locking. How do you cut this material for rounded edges, etc?

Is a regular scissors sufficient? I would think a sheer tool could work for the rounded corners, not sure if common scissors would be larger enough, otherwise a sharp utility knife would work also.

I'm trying to find an outdoor rubber title to surround a pool we are installing because wood decking is too costly. How many will I need if I'm trying to go around a pool that measures 16x24 oval shape? Do you recommend a specific tile for this? Our outdoor rubber patio and paver tile can be installed outdoors over a crushed stone that is compacted and level.

The tile count required will depend on the size to cover and in this case the width from the pool. Each 2x2 ft tile covers 4 SF. Our Sterling Outdoor 2 inch tile would be a great option. Is there any edge tile to purchase? This product does not have a ramped edge option. Our Staylock Perforated tiles do have a ramped edge option. What is the grid opening size? The size of the openings in this tile is.

I am considering this flooring to put over my wood deck by the pool and I live in MN. Is there any issues leaving this in place through the cold winter months? The tiles are designed for outdoor use in all climates, so your application is fine.

The tiles will shrink a little in the winter and expand a little in the summer. Is the underside of the Patio Outdoor tile damaging for a rubber membrane roof?

Especially with a container garden box on them? Yes I could be, we only recommend our Staylock Perforated tile for rubber membrane rooftops. I have a basement that takes on water with an uneven floor. I would like to lay down some inexpensive tiles like these and possibly top it with some fake turf for working out. Will this product form on the uneven floors, and handle jumping and basic work out equipment?

Yes this is a good option and we have other options as well. Please contact customer service. Does this product have a fall rating can it be used for a safe play area for children? This product does not have an ASTM fall height rating. For kids, we can recommend our Staylock Perforated tiles with a fall height rating.

Staylock can be used for kids outdoors. It may be worth taking a look at this video which compares the two perforated patio tiles. Do you have to glue down any of the stay lock perforated tiles on a concrete patio? No glue down of tiles is required for this product, its better to allow the tiles to move a little on the surface as needed from expansion due to heat. Can this be used for dog pen? Yes it could be.

In fact, it has also been used as a subfloor in dog training spaces, such as Neuman K-9 Academy. Does this product have to go over a hard surface, like concrete, or can it go over dirt? It is best installed over a hard flat surface, over grass or dirt the tiles may separate more easily. I live in a snowy area. Can these tiles be shoveled over without moving or damaging them? Yes they can be. I would like to place these tiles in my backyard.

The surface is dirt, can I place bricks or wood down than place these tiles on top. This tile can be installed on any hard flat outdoor surface, so bricks or wood under these tiles should be ok.

Can these tiles withstand Minnesota winters with 20 below zero temps? Yes these tiles are designed for outdoor use in all climates. Can this be installed directly on grass? This tile is best installed over a hard flat surface. How easy is it to slide patio furniture??? An example would be sliding in you chair out from under the table while sitting?

That depends on the foot and legs of the patio furniture. If the legs are like posts then not so much. The holes are too large to hold dirt, the tiles can be hosed off as needed for cleaning.

We would like to put the patio outdoor tiles over our deck because they seem easy to clean we get a lot on Berrys and dirt falling from our trees and water. Will this cause a lot of mold on our deck underneath basically will it ruin our deck?

We are trying to save our deck. Good question, very hard to answer, the tiles will not hold moisture, the debris might build up in the tiles, not sure. We have some type of gritty paint called Restore on our pool deck and it is awful!

Peeled right off after One summer. Can we put the tiles right on top of the wood or should it be treated first. Thank you You can install these outdoor patio tiles right over the wood without the need to tread the wood or remove any paint. Will these last if layed around my pool in Arizona where it gets to ever summer. I want to be able to get out and not burn my feet.

If I buy these tiles, they will be in direct sunlight for hours. I can suggest that you request a free sample in order to test the product in your space. Which tile would be best to put underneath an outdoor sauna? Do not want water to sit underneath sauna but a barrier for water to flow underneath. Consider one of our interlocking perforated tiles. Can this tile go over a balacony deck with a PTO membrane?

I would recommend the Staylock line of outdoor perforated tiles for installation over PTO membrane. I have a fiberglass deck that gets to hot to walk on during certain times of the day when the summer-sun is beating down on it. Can I use either kind of your tiles on it? Will it damage the deck in anyway? And if I can use your product will they eliminate the problem of an overheated deck surface so I can walk on it during the hot summer days?

Thank you! Ray Greene of Owens Corning is credited with producing the first composite boat in but did not proceed further at the time due to the brittle nature of the plastic used. In Russia was reported to have constructed a passenger boat of plastic materials, and the United States a fuselage and wings of an aircraft.

Unlike glass fibers used for insulation, for the final structure to be strong, the fiber's surfaces must be almost entirely free of defects, as this permits the fibers to reach gigapascal tensile strengths. If a bulk piece of glass were defect-free, it would be equally as strong as glass fibers; however, it is generally impractical to produce and maintain bulk material in a defect-free state outside of laboratory conditions.

The process of manufacturing fiberglass is called pultrusion. The manufacturing process for glass fibers suitable for reinforcement uses large furnaces to gradually melt the silica sand, limestone , kaolin clay , fluorspar , colemanite , dolomite and other minerals until a liquid forms.

It is then extruded through bushings, which are bundles of very small orifices typically 5�25 micrometres in diameter for E-Glass, 9 micrometres for S-Glass.

These filaments are then sized coated with a chemical solution. The individual filaments are now bundled in large numbers to provide a roving. The diameter of the filaments, and the number of filaments in the roving, determine its weight , typically expressed in one of two measurement systems:.

These rovings are then either used directly in a composite application such as pultrusion , filament winding pipe , gun roving where an automated gun chops the glass into short lengths and drops it into a jet of resin, projected onto the surface of a mold , or in an intermediary step, to manufacture fabrics such as chopped strand mat CSM made of randomly oriented small cut lengths of fiber all bonded together , woven fabrics, knit fabrics or unidirectional fabrics.

Chopped strand mat or CSM is a form of reinforcement used in fiberglass. It consists of glass fibers laid randomly across each other and held together by a binder.

It is typically processed using the hand lay-up technique, where sheets of material are placed on a mold and brushed with resin. Because the binder dissolves in resin, the material easily conforms to different shapes when wetted out. After the resin cures, the hardened product can be taken from the mold and finished. Using chopped strand mat gives the fiberglass isotropic in-plane material properties. An individual structural glass fiber is both stiff and strong in tension and compression �that is, along its axis.

Although it might be assumed that the fiber is weak in compression, it is actually only the long aspect ratio of the fiber which makes it seem so; i. Therefore, if a collection of fibers can be arranged permanently in a preferred direction within a material, and if they can be prevented from buckling in compression, the material will be preferentially strong in that direction. Furthermore, by laying multiple layers of fiber on top of one another, with each layer oriented in various preferred directions, the material's overall stiffness and strength can be efficiently controlled.

In fiberglass, it is the plastic matrix which permanently constrains the structural glass fibers to directions chosen by the designer. With chopped strand mat, this directionality is essentially an entire two-dimensional plane; with woven fabrics or unidirectional layers, directionality of stiffness and strength can be more precisely controlled within the plane.

A fiberglass component is typically of a thin "shell" construction, sometimes filled on the inside with structural foam, as in the case of surfboards. The component may be of nearly arbitrary shape, limited only by the complexity and tolerances of the mold used for manufacturing the shell. The mechanical functionality of materials is heavily reliant on the combined performances of both the resin AKA matrix and fibers.

Naming and use: pure silica silicon dioxide , when cooled as fused quartz into a glass with no true melting point, can be used as a glass fiber for fiberglass but has the drawback that it must be worked at very high temperatures. In order to lower the necessary work temperature, other materials are introduced as "fluxing agents" i. Ordinary A-glass "A" for "alkali-lime" or soda lime glass, crushed and ready to be remelted, as so-called cullet glass, was the first type of glass used for fiberglass.

E-glass "E" because of initial Electrical application , is alkali-free and was the first glass formulation used for continuous filament formation. It now makes up most of the fiberglass production in the world, and also is the single largest consumer of boron minerals globally. It is susceptible to chloride ion attack and is a poor choice for marine applications. S-glass "S" for "stiff" is used when tensile strength high modulus is important and is thus an important building and aircraft epoxy composite it is called R-glass, "R" for "reinforcement" in Europe.

C-glass "C" for "chemical resistance" and T-glass "T" is for "thermal insulator"�a North American variant of C-glass are resistant to chemical attack; both are often found in insulation-grades of blown fiberglass. Fiberglass is an immensely versatile material due to its lightweight, inherent strength, weather-resistant finish and variety of surface textures.

The development of fiber-reinforced plastic for commercial use was extensively researched in the s. It was of particular interest to the aviation industry. A means of mass production of glass strands was accidentally discovered in when a researcher at Owens-Illinois directed a jet of compressed air at a stream of molten glass and produced fibers.

After Owens merged with the Corning company in , Owens Corning adapted the method to produce its patented "Fiberglas" one "s".

A suitable resin for combining the "Fiberglas" with a plastic was developed in by du Pont. The first ancestor of modern polyester resins is Cyanamid's of During World War II, fiberglass was developed as a replacement for the molded plywood used in aircraft radomes fiberglass being transparent to microwaves.

Its first main civilian application was for the building of boats and sports car bodies, where it gained acceptance in the s. Its use has broadened to the automotive and sport equipment sectors.

In the production of some products, such as aircraft, carbon fiber is now used instead of fiberglass, which is stronger by volume and weight.

Advanced manufacturing techniques such as pre-pregs and fiber rovings extend fiberglass's applications and the tensile strength possible with fiber-reinforced plastics. Fiberglass is also used in the telecommunications industry for shrouding antennas , due to its RF permeability and low signal attenuation properties. It may also be used to conceal other equipment where no signal permeability is required, such as equipment cabinets and steel support structures, due to the ease with which it can be molded and painted to blend with existing structures and surfaces.

Other uses include sheet-form electrical insulators and structural components commonly found in power-industry products.

Because of fiberglass's lightweight and durability, it is often used in protective equipment such as helmets. Many sports use fiberglass protective gear, such as goaltenders' and catchers' masks.

Storage tanks can be made of fiberglass with capacities up to about tonnes. Smaller tanks can be made with chopped strand mat cast over a thermoplastic inner tank which acts as a preform during construction. Much more reliable tanks are made using woven mat or filament wound fiber, with the fiber orientation at right angles to the hoop stress imposed in the sidewall by the contents. Such tanks tend to be used for chemical storage because the plastic liner often polypropylene is resistant to a wide range of corrosive chemicals.

Fiberglass is also used for septic tanks. Glass-reinforced plastics are also used to produce house building components such as roofing laminate, door surrounds, over-door canopies, window canopies and dormers, chimneys, coping systems, and heads with keystones and sills. The material's reduced weight and easier handling, compared to wood or metal, allows faster installation.

Mass-produced fiberglass brick-effect panels can be used in the construction of composite housing, and can include insulation to reduce heat loss. In rod pumping applications, fiberglass rods are often used for their high tensile strength to weight ratio. Fiberglass rods provide an advantage over steel rods because they stretch more elastically lower Young's modulus than steel for a given weight, meaning more oil can be lifted from the hydrocarbon reservoir to the surface with each stroke, all while reducing the load on the pumping unit.

Fiberglass rods must be kept in tension, however, as they frequently part if placed in even a small amount of compression. The buoyancy of the rods within a fluid amplifies this tendency. Filament winding is a fabrication technique mainly used for manufacturing open cylinders or closed-end structures pressure vessels or tanks.

The process involves winding filaments under tension over a male mandrel. The mandrel rotates while a wind eye on a carriage moves horizontally, laying down fibers in the desired pattern. The most common filaments are carbon or glass fiber and are coated with synthetic resin as they are wound.

Once the mandrel is completely covered to the desired thickness, the resin is cured; often the mandrel is placed in an oven to achieve this, though sometimes radiant heaters are used with the mandrel still turning in the machine. Once the resin has cured, the mandrel is removed, leaving the hollow final product. For some products such as gas bottles, the 'mandrel' is a permanent part of the finished product forming a liner to prevent gas leakage or as a barrier to protect the composite from the fluid to be stored.

Filament winding is well suited to automation, and there are many applications, such as pipe and small pressure vessels that are wound and cured without any human intervention. The controlled variables for winding are fiber type, resin content, wind angle, tow or bandwidth and thickness of the fiber bundle. The angle at which the fiber has an effect on the properties of the final product.

A high angle "hoop" will provide circumferential or "burst" strength, while lower angle patterns polar or helical will provide greater longitudinal tensile strength. Products currently being produced using this technique range from pipes, golf clubs, Reverse Osmosis Membrane Housings, oars, bicycle forks, bicycle rims, power and transmission poles, pressure vessels to missile casings, aircraft fuselages and lamp posts and yacht masts.

A release agent, usually in either wax or liquid form, is applied to the chosen mold to allow the finished product to be cleanly removed from the mold. Resin�typically a 2-part thermoset polyester, vinyl, or epoxy�is mixed with its hardener and applied to the surface. Sheets of fiberglass matting are laid into the mold, then more resin mixture is added using a brush or roller.

The material must conform to the mold, and air must not be trapped between the fiberglass and the mold. Additional resin is applied and possibly additional sheets of fiberglass. Hand pressure, vacuum or rollers are used to be sure the resin saturates and fully wets all layers, and that any air pockets are removed. The work must be done quickly before the resin starts to cure unless high-temperature resins are used which will not cure until the part is warmed in an oven.

The fiberglass spray lay-up process is similar to the hand lay-up process but differs in the application of the fiber and resin to the mold. Spray-up is an open-molding composites fabrication process where resin and reinforcements are sprayed onto a mold.

The resin and glass may be applied separately or simultaneously "chopped" in a combined stream from a chopper gun. Wood, foam or other core material may then be added, and a secondary spray-up layer imbeds the core between the laminates.

The part is then cured, cooled, and removed from the reusable mold. Pultrusion is a manufacturing method used to make strong, lightweight composite materials. In pultrusion, material is pulled through forming machinery using either a hand-over-hand method or a continuous-roller method as opposed to extrusion , where the material is pushed through dies.

In fiberglass pultrusion, fibers the glass material are pulled from spools through a device that coats them with a resin. They are then typically heat-treated and cut to length. Fiberglass produced this way can be made in a variety of shapes and cross-sections, such as W or S cross-sections.

One notable feature of fiberglass is that the resins used are subject to contraction during the curing process. Because the fibers do not contract, this differential can create changes in the shape of the part during curing.

Distortions can appear hours, days, or weeks after the resin has set. While this distortion can be minimised by symmetric use of the fibers in the design, a certain amount of internal stress is created; and if it becomes too great, cracks form.

In June , the National Toxicology Program NTP removed from its Report on Carcinogens all biosoluble glass wool used in home and building insulation and for non-insulation products. NTP and California's OEHHA mean that a cancer warning label for biosoluble fiber glass home and building insulation is no longer required under federal or California law.

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