Download revision notes for Electricity class 10 Notes and score high in exams. These are the Electricity class 10 Notes prepared by team of expert teachers. The revision notes help you revise the whole chapter in minutes. Revising notes in exam days is on of the best tips recommended by teachers during exam days. In the recent times,life would be impossible without electricity.
From lighting our homes, charging our devices, electricity has become an integral part of our day-to-day live. So it becomes necessary to understand the origin,characteristics and utilisation of electricity.
In the current chapter we will discuss :. Charge q. Charge is a characteristic unit of matter by means of which matter experiences electric forces. It can be either negative electron or positive proton. Electric current can also be defined as the amount of charge flowing through a unit cross-section in per electricity class 10th ncert notes go. Ampere Defined as one coulomb of charge flowing per second.
In an electric circuit the electric current flow in an opposite direction to the flow of electron �ve charge. This current is called conventional current. Small quantity of current are expressed in. Ammeter : It is an instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit. It is always connected in series in a circuit. It has low resistance practically. It is represented as. Electric Circuit : It is a closed path along which the electric current flows.
The electrons can only flow when there is difference of electric potential. It is only possible when there is high pressure at one side and low at another side, then it will move from high pressure to low pressure.
In case of electric current, the flow of charge is made possible due to chemical action with in a cell that generates the potential difference across theterminals of the cell. Electric potential Difference : It is defined as the work done in carrying a unit charge from one point to another in an electric circuit.
SI unit of electricity class 10th ncert notes go difference � Volts. It is named after Alessandro Volta. One Volt When 1 Joule of work is done in carrying one coulomb 1C of charge from electricity class 10th ncert notes go point to another of a current carrying conductor then the potential difference is said to be IV.
Voltmeter It is an instrument, used to measure the potential difference and represented by the symbol in an electric circuit. It is always connected in parallel across the points between which the potential electricity class 10th ncert notes go is to be measured. It has high resistance. Circuit Diagram :A circuit diagram electrical diagramelementary diagramelectronic schematic is a graphical representation of an electric circuit.
George Simon Ohm f ound the relationship between the current I flowing electricity class 10th ncert notes go a conductorand potential difference V across the terminals of a conductor using the circuit diagram.
He observed that the potential difference and current varied linearly. The graph between V and I is always straight line with slope equal to R. Resistance : It is the property of a conductor that opposes the flow of current. Its symbol is If a electricity class 10th ncert notes go has less Resistance, then more current will flow through it.
On its length L electricity class 10th ncert notes go. On its cross sectional area A 3. On the nature of material. Resistance R L Directly prop. Resistivity : The resistance offered by a wire of unit length and unit cross-sectional area is called resistivity. Its SI unit is. Resistivity is the measure of resistance of a material. In other words, upto what extent will the material resist current flow.
Resistivity of an alloy homogeneous mixture of metals is generallyhigher than of its constituent metals. Alloys have high resistivity and do not oxidise burn readly at hightemperature, electricity class 10th ncert notes go this reason they are commonly used in electrical heating devices,like electric iron, heater, toasters.
The electricity class 10th ncert notes go I flowing through the resistance in series will remain same,where as the potential difference V across each resistor will be different. Total potential difference. Thus, we conclude that effective Resistance of the several resistors joinedin series is equal to the algebraic sum of their individual resistances.
Also, the net resistance increases when resistors are connected in series. Let us take three resistors of resistance that are connectedin parallel in the electric circuit. Total current substitute the value of.
Thus, we conclude that the reciprocal of total effective resistance of theseveral resistors connected in parallel is equal to the sum of the reciprocals of the individual resistances. Also ,the net resistance reduces when resistors are connected in parallel. In series connection if any of the component fail to work, the circuit will break and then none of the component ex.
TV, bulb, fan. It is not possible to connect a bulb and a heater in series, because they need different value of current to operate properly.
Explanation Battery or a cell is a source of electrical energy. Battery or cell Chemical reaction in it will produce potential difference at its two terminals 2. Electron will come in motion to flow current through resistor 3. To maintain this current, the sources has to keep expending its energy. Part of this energy is consumed in useful work Like rotating of fan 5. Rest of energy of source is converted into heat, that raises the temperature of gadget.
This is known as heating effect of electric current. This effect is utilized in devices such as electric heater, iron. Let us suppose that current I is flowing through a resistor of resistance R for the time t.
The potential difference across the resistance is V. Work done in moving the charge Q will be. It is also used in bulb to produce light. Filament of bulb is made of strong metal with high melting point suchas tungsten. This filament can retain as much of the heat generated as possible, to become very hot and emit light.
Fuse is asafety device, that protect the circuits and appliance by stopping theflow of high current. The wire of fuse is made of an alloy of metalse. The alloy should be of lowmelting point and high resistivity, fuse is always connected in seriescircuit.
When large current flows through the circuit, the temperatureof fuse wire will increase. This melts the fuse wire and breaks thecircuit. Electric Power : In case of electricity, it is defined as the rate of changeof electrical energy dissipated or consumed in an electric circuit.
Electricity class 10 Notes. CBSE quick revision note for Class 10 Science, Chemistry, Maths, Biology and other subject are very helpful to revise the whole syllabus during exam days. The revision notes covers all important formulas and concepts given in electricity class 10th ncert notes go chapter.
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August 28, at pm Reply. August 27, at pm Reply. It is very useful for the exam preparation. August 26, at pm Reply. Amisha Morey. Ravi lohani. August 23, at pm Reply. Potential difference which is measured in Voltage is the cause of current which is measured in Ampere. In conductors, flow of electrons constitute current.
In a circuit current flow from positive terminal of the battery to the negative terminal, but electrons travels from negative terminal to the positive terminal. The negative terminal of a battery is said to be at lower potential and the positive terminal is said to be at higher potential. When a battery is not connected to any circuit, the potential difference across the terminals of the battery is equal to the EMF of the battery.
Electromotive force, also called EMF, denoted and measured in volts , refers to voltage generated by a battery or by the magnetic forceaccording to Faraday's Law, which states that a time varying magnetic field will induce an electric current. Rheostat: This is a device which is used in a circuit to provide variable resistance. Cause of Resistance in a Conductor: Flow of electrons in a conductor is electric current.
The positive particles of conductor create hindrance to flow of electrons, because of attraction between them, this hindrance is the cause of resistance in the flow of electricity. Factors on Which Resistance of a Conductor Depends: Resistance in a conductor depends on nature, length and area of cross section of the conductor. Silver is the best conductor of electricity. While some other materials create more hindrance in the flow of electric current, i.
Such materials are called bad conductors. Bad conductor are also known as insulators. Hard plastic is the one of the best insulators of electricity. This means, resistance increases with increase in length of the conductor.
This is the cause that long electric wires create more resistance to the electric current. This means R will decrease with an increase in the area of conductor and vice versa. More area of conductor facilitates the flow of electric current through more area and thus, decreases the resistance.
This is the cause that thick copper wire creates less resistance to the electric current. It is called the electrical resistivity of the material of conductor. The S. Resistivity: It is defined as the resistance offered by a cube of a material of side 1m when current flows perpendicular to its opposite faces. Resistivity depends on the nature of the material of the conductor. Silver has resistivity equal to 1. Rubber and glass are very good insulators.
The resistivity of materials varies with temperature. Combination of resistors Series and Parallel combination , the heating effect of electric current and electric power. Combination of Resistors i Series combination ii Parallel combination.
Resistors in Series: When resistors are joined from end to end, it is called in series. In this case, the total resistance of the system is equal to the sum of the resistance of all the resistors in the system. Let, three resistors R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 get connected in series.
Resistors in Parallel: When resistors are joined in parallel, the reciprocal of the total resistance of the system is equal to the sum of reciprocal of the resistance of resistors. Let three resistors R 1 , R 2 and R 3 connected in parallel. The total current through the circuit can be calculated by adding the electric current through individual resistors. Heating Effect of Electric Current: When electric current is supplied to a purely resistive conductor, the energy of electric current is dissipated entirely in the form of heat and as a result, resistor gets heated.
The heating of resistor because of dissipation of electrical energy is commonly known as Heating Effect of Electric Current. Some examples are as follows : When electric energy is supplied to an electric bulb, the filament gets heated because of which, it gives light. The heating of electric bulb happens because of heating effect of electric current.
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