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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Acid Bases Salt CBSE
Class 10 is a stepping stone for students� academic. The structure of the exam is such that these exams test the student�s theoretical as well as practical knowledge thoroughly. A high score in board exams means a lot and so you have to give your %. Our NCERT solutions for Class 10 are the best option to organize and streamline your efforts. This will help you in countless ways in your exam as well as career. Our expert group of teachers will help you to understand the subject in a much better way and assist you in solving problems. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 10 Acid Bases and Salts - Free PDF download. Having legitimate information on the hypotheses, the adequate practice of the reactions, conditions, and equations, and question-solving ability from the NCERT Chemistry books are very significant for prospects and increase the possibility of bagging a good score. The Ch 2 Science Class 10 NCERT solutions provide step by step explanation to the questions provided in the NCERT.� Class 10th science chapter 2 is part of unit 1, Chemical Substances - Nature and Behaviours. This chapter portrays acid and base reactions and depicts how acid and base generally cancel out each other. 10 Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts. These topics are very important for examination. NCERT Solutions for Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts is helpful in last minute question and Answers which has been provided here. This is based according to the latest pattern released by CBSE. Study Reference for Class 10 Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts. Revision Notes for Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts. Extra Questions for Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts. MCQ Test for Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts. Video for Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts. In Text Questions. Page No: 1. You have been provided w.

Indicators: Indicators are substances which indicate the acidic or basic nature of the solution by the colour change. Types of Indicator: There are many types of indicators. Some common types of indicators are:. Natural Indicators: Indicators obtained from natural sources are called Natural Indicators. Litmus, turmeric, red cabbage, China rose, etc.

Litmus: Litmus is obtained from lichens. The solution of litmus is purple in colour. Litmus paper comes in two colours- blue and red. An acid turns blue litmus paper red. A base turns red litmus paper blue. Turmeric: Turmeric is another natural indicator. Turmeric is yellow in colour. Turmeric solution or paper turns reddish brown with base. Turmeric does not change colour with acid. Red Cabbage: The juice of red cabbage is originally purple in colour.

Juice of red cabbage turns reddish with acid and turns greenish with base. Olfactory Indicator: Substances which change their smell when mixed with acid or base are known as Olfactory Indicators. For example; Onion, vanilla etc. Onion: Paste or juice of onion loses its smell when added with base.

It does not change its smell with acid. Vanilla: The smell of vanilla vanishes with base, but its smell does not vanish with an acid. Olfactory Indicators are used to ensure the participation of visually impaired students in the laboratory. Synthetic Indicator: Indicators that are synthesized in the laboratory are known as Synthetic Indicators. For example; Phenolphthalein, methyl orange, etc. Phenolphthalein is a colourless liquid.

It remains colourless with acid but turns into pink with a base. Methyl orange is originally orange in colour. It turns into the red with acid and turns into yellow with base. Properties of Acids:. Types of Acids: Acids are divided into two types on the basis of their occurrence i. Chemical Properties of Acid: i Reaction of acids with metal: Acids give hydrogen gas along with respective salt when they react with a metal.

Hydrogen gas and sodium sulphate are formed when sulphuric acid reacts with sodium metal. Test For Hydrogen Gas: The gas evolved after reaction of acid with metal can be tested by bringing a lighted candle near it.

If the gas bums with a pop sound, then it confirms the evolution of hydrogen gas. Burning with pop sound is the characteristic test for hydrogen gas. Sulphuric acid gives calcium sulphate, carbon dioxide gas, calcium sulphate and water when it reacts with calcium carbonate Nitric acid gives sodium nitrate, water and carbon dioxide gas when it reacts with sodium carbonate.

This is the characteristic test for carbon dioxide gas. The gas evolved because of reaction of the acid with metal carbonate or metal hydrogen carbonate turns lime water milky.

This shows that the gas is carbon dioxide gas. This happens because of the formation of a white precipitate of calcium carbonate. But when excess of carbon dioxide is passed through lime water, it makes milky colour of lime water disappear. This happens because of formation of calcium hydrogen carbonate.

As calcium hydrogen carbonate is soluble in water, thus, the milky colour of solution mixture disappears. Common in Acids: Acids give hydrogen gas when they react with metal. This shows that all acids contains hydrogen. When an acid is dissolved in water, it dissociates hydrogen. The dissociation of hydrogen ion in aqueous solution is the common property in all acids.

Because of the dissociation of hydrogen ion in aqueous solution, an acid shows acidic behaviour. Bases: Bases are bitter in taste, have soapy touch, turn red litmus blue and give hydroxide ions OH � in aqueous solution. Types of bases: Bases can be divided in two types � Water soluble and Water-insoluble.

The hydroxide of alkali and alkaline earth metals are soluble in water. These are also known as alkali. For example; sodium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, etc. Alkali is considered a strong base. Chemical properties of bases: i Reaction of Base with Metals: When alkali base reacts with metal, it produces salt and hydrogen gas.

Sodium aluminate and hydrogen gas are formed when sodium hydroxide reacts with aluminium metal. For example; carbon dioxide is a non-metal oxide. When carbon dioxide is dissolved in water it produces carbonic acid.

Therefore, when a base reacts with non-metal oxide, both neutralize each other resulting respective salt and water. Calcium hydroxide gives calcium carbonate and water when it reacts with carbon dioxide. Examples: Sodium chloride and water are formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide a strong base.

In a similar way, calcium chloride is formed along with water when hydrochloric acid reacts with calcium hydroxide a base. Thus, when an acid reacts with a metal oxide both neutralize each other. In this reaction, the respective salt and water are formed. When an acid, such as hydrochloric acid, reacts with calcium oxide, neutralization reaction takes place and calcium chloride, along with water is formed.

Similarly, when sulphuric acid reacts with zinc oxide, zinc sulphate and water are formed. Common in all bases: A base dissociates hydroxide ion in water, which is responsible for the basic behaviour of a compound. Example: When sodium hydroxide is dissolved in water, it dissociates hydroxide ion and sodium ion.

Similarly, when potassium hydroxide is dissolved in water, it dissociates hydroxide ion and potassium ion. Thus, the base shows its basic character because of dissociation of hydroxide ion. Neutralisation Reaction: When an acid reacts with a base, the hydrogen ion of acid combines with the hydroxide ion of base and forms water. As these ions combine together and form water instead of remaining free, thus, both neutralize each other.

Example: When sodium hydroxide a base reacts with hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide breaks into a sodium ion and hydroxide ion and hydrochloric acid breaks into hydrogen ion and chloride ion.

Hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion combine together and form water, while sodium ion and chloride ion combine together and form sodium chloride. Dilution of Acid and Base: The concentration of hydrogen ion in an acid and hydroxide ion in a base, per unit volume, shows the concentration of acid or base.

By mixing of acid to water, the concentration of hydrogen ion per unit volume decreases. Similarly, by addition of base to water, the concentration of hydroxide ion per unit volume decreases. This process of addition of acid or base to water is called Dilution and the acid or base is called Diluted. The dilution of acid or base is exothermic. Thus, acid or base is always added to water and water is never added to acid or base.

If water is added to a concentrated acid or base, a lot of heat is generated, which may cause splashing out of acid or base and may cause severe damage as concentrated acid and base are highly corrosive. Strength of Acid and Base: Acids in which complete dissociation of hydrogen ion takes place are called Strong Acids. Similarly, bases in which complete dissociation of hydroxide ion takes place are called Strong Bases. In mineral acid, such as hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, nitric acid, etc.

Since inorganic acids hydrogen ions do not dissociate completely, so they are weak acids. Universal Indicator: Using a litmus paper, phenolphthalein, methyl orange, etc. So, to get the strength as well as acidic and basic nature of a given solution universal indicator is used.

Universal indicator shows different colour over the range of pH value from 1 to 14 for a given solution. Universal indicator is available both in the form of strips and solution.

Universal indicator is the combination of many indicators, such as water, propanol, phenolphthalein, sodium salt, sodium hydroxide, methyl red, bromothymol blue monosodium salt, and thymol blue monosodium salt. The colour matching chart is supplied with a universal indicator which shows the different colours for different values of pH. Excess acid in stomach causes acidity indigestion. Antacids like magnesium hydroxide [Mg OH 2 ] also known as milk of magnesia and sodium hydrogen carbonate baking soda are used to neutralize excess acid.

When the pH of acid formed in the mouth falls below 5. The excess acid has to be removed by cleaning the teeth with a good quality toothpaste because these kinds of toothpaste are alkaline in nature. Salts: Salts are the ionic compounds which are produced after the neutralization reaction between acid and base. Salts are electrically neutral. There are number of salts but sodium chloride is the most common among them.

Sodium chloride is also known as table salt or common salt.

Main point:

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