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What is meant by Hosay? Explain G in brief. What is Tariff? Define Exchange Rates? Important Questions on Class 10 History Chapter 3 Give two examples of different types of global exchanges which took place before the seventeenth century, choosing one example from Asia and one from the Americas.
Examples of the different types of global exchanges which took place before the seventeenth century: i Textiles, spices and Chinese pottery were exchanged by China, India and Southeast Asia in return for gold and silver from Europe. Explain how the global transfer of disease in the pre-modern world helped in the colonisation of the Americas.
The global transfer of disease in the pre-modern world helped in the colonisation of the Americas because the Native American Indians were not immune to the diseases that the settlers and colonisers brought with them.
The Europeans were more or less immune to small pox, but the Native Americans, having been cut off from the rest of the world for millions of years, had no defence against it. These germs killed and wiped out whole communities, paving the way for foreign domination. Weapons and soldiers could be destroyed or captured, but diseases could not be fought against. Give two examples from history to show the impact of technology on food availability.
The impact of technology on food availability was manifold in the late nineteenth century. Faster railways, lighter wagons and larger ships helped transport food more cheaply and quickly from production units to even faraway markets.
Also, refrigerated ships helped transport perishable foods such as meat, butter and eggs over long distances. What is meant by the Bretton Woods Agreement? It established the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank to preserve global economic stability and full employment in the industrial world. These institutions also dealt with external surpluses and deficits of member nations, and financed post-war reconstructions.
Imagine that you are an indentured Indian labourer in the Caribbean. Drawing from the details in this chapter, write a letter to your family describing your life and feelings. Explain the three types of movements or flows within international economic exchange. Find one example of each type of flow which involved India and Indians, and write a short account of it. The three types of movements or flows within the international economic exchange are trade flows, human capital flows and capital flows or investments.
These can be explained as�the trade in agricultural products, migration of labour, and financial loans to and from other nations. India was a hub of trade in the pre-modern world, and it exported textiles and spices in return for gold and silver from Europe. Many different foods such as potatoes, soya, groundnuts, maize, tomatoes, chillies and sweet potatoes came to India from the Americas after Columbus discovered it. In the field of labour, indentured labour was provided for mines, plantations and factories abroad, in huge numbers, in the nineteenth century.
This was an instrument of colonial domination by the British. Since India was an English colony, the impact of these loan debts was felt in India too. The British government increased taxes, interest rates, and lowered the prices of products it bought from the colony. Indirectly, but strongly, this affected the Indian economy and people. Explain the causes of the Great Depression. Question 4. Give two examples from history to show the impact of technology on food availability. Answer 4 i Faster railways, lighter wagons and larger ships helped move Ncert Solutions Class 10th History Chapter 7 Oracle food more cheaply and quickly from faraway farms to final markets.
Animals were now slaughtered for food at the starting point America, Australia or New Zealand and then transported to Europe as frozen meat. This reduced shipping costs and lowered meat prices in Europe. The poor in Europe could now add meat to their diet. Better living conditions and nutritious diet promoted social peace. Question 5 What is meant by the Bretton Woods Agreement? Answer 5 In order to preserve economic stability and full employment in the industrial world, the post-war international economic system was established.
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development popularly known as the World Bank was set up to finance post-war reconstruction and they started the financial operations in Decisionmaking authority was given to the Western industrial powers. The Bretton Woods Ncert Solutions For Class 10th History Chapter 1 Full system was based on fixed exchange rates. The Bretton Woods system opened an era of unique growth of trade and incomes for the Western industrial nations and Japan.
World trade grew annually. Question 6 Imagine that you are an indentured Indian labourer in the Caribbean. Drawing from the details in this chapter, write a letter to your family describing your life and feelings. Question 7 Explain the three types of movements or flows within international economic exchange.
Find one example of each type of flow which involved India and Indians and write a short account of it. Question 8 Explain the causes of the Great Depression.
Answer 8 The Great Depression was caused by a combination of several factors:. As a result, agricultural prices fell. As prices fell and agricultural incomes declined, farmers tried to expand production.
This increased the volume of goods in the market. The situation got worsened in the market. Prices fell down further. Farm produce rotted for a lack of buyers. US overseas lenders got panicked at the sign of trouble and withdrew their amount.
Countries that depended on US loans now faced acute financial problem. In Europe it led to the failure of some major banks and the collapse of currencies such as the British pound sterling. In Latin America and elsewhere it intensified the slump in agricultural and raw material prices. Question 9 Explain what is referred to as the G countries? In what ways can G be seen as a reaction to the activities of the Bretton Woods twins?
Answer 9 After the Second World War, many parts of the world were still under European colonial rule and it took over two decades for the colonies in Asia and Africa to become free independent nations. When they became free they faced many other problems such as poverty, lack of resources, etc.
Economies and societies were handicapped for being under colonial rule for long periods. The IMF and the World Bank, often referred to as the Bretton Woods twins, were designed to meet the financial needs of the industrial countries. As most developing countries were not much benefited from the fast economic growth of western countries, therefore they formed a group called�the Group of 77 or G in order to catch up the development in advanced industrial countries.
They demanded:. Find out more about gold and diamond mining in South Africa in the nineteenth century. Who controlled the gold and diamond companies? Who were the miners and what were their lives like?
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