Diy Canoe Building Plans Meaning

Selection of Boat Building Materials and Methods

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Boat Design, Construction, and Propulsion Traditional fishing vessels have evolved to complement the sea conditions and fishing methods unique to each particular region. Like fishing gear, boats have passed the small boat construction methods 70 of time.

Nevertheless, traditional craft are not without their problems. They often have a very limited range of operation and are not able to go beyond heavily methocs nearshore areas. Many will sink if swamped, provid- ing no reserve of safety. Customary building materials are often unavailable. Deforestation in constguction coastal areas has created a scarcity of quality wood for dugout canoes and larger craft. Traditional boats can be improved, often without radically altering the basic construcfion a respect for tradition will increase their acceptance.

New vessels should have improved fishing capabilities. Increased seaworthiness and better fuel performance would permit fishing further offshore for previously unexploited species. Work- ing and storage space could be increased, creating better working conditions and facilitating an increased catch.

In areas without harbors, Methovs craft are a priority. Improved designs should also help ensure the safety of the crew by including a second means of propulsion and sufficient buoyancy so that the vessel remains afloat when flooded. The value of In essence, the boat should consfruction low investment, use minimum fuel, catch as much fish as possible, and have a long service life. This chapter covers some design considerations, examines some new boat construction methods and materials, and describes a few propulsion techniques.

DESIGN A constructuon boat may be described as a floating platform used to transport the crew, gear, and cargo to and from the fishing grounds and to support the crew and equipment during the fishing operation. Some of the major factors that affect the design of this plat- form include: Available funds Available materials Skills for building and maintenance Size limitations dictated by water depth or requirement for beaching Distance to fishing grounds Fuel costs Type and quantity of gear used Vessel speed requirements Number of crew, standard of accommodation, cooking fa- cilities Methods small boat construction methods 70 bait and catch preservation Safety features.

Usually when a decision is made to introduce new equipment to an existing fishery, the purpose is to fish for a new species or to fish in a new area. New boats, new gear, or both may be needed. Methids some fisheries, it may be necessary to introduce a few larger vessels. Unless a cooperative system already exists, serious problems of equity can arise when a small group gains significant advantage in productivity through access to new large vessels.

The introduction of wmall, high-speed outboard-motor-powered boats has small boat construction methods 70 brought its share of problems. When boaat costs of fuel, motor repair, and replacement reach a significant percentage of the. Suman fisherman's income, the attractiveness of speed diminishes figure 1.

Small craft design should be based on the traditions of a given region. Vessel sizes and designs that have evolved in an small boat construction methods 70 are usually well adapted to the local fishing gear and methods, the range of operations, construction materials, the winds, and local sea conditions.

A radical departure from the constructiln hull design may not gain local acceptance. Rafts are keelless vessels that are common In many areas of Asia.

They may be constructed of bamboo, logs, or plastic cylinders, lashed or fastened. These vessels are beach- landing craft, well suited for heavy surf conditions that would exclude many other boat small boat construction methods 70. The kattumaran of South India is constructikn wooden log raft that ranges from 3 to 9 m long. Each log is individually shaped with a definite fore and aft curvature. Longer logs are placed inboard and shorter ones outboard, small boat construction methods 70 all are lashed.

Planking is then nailed over the logs to provide a smooth working surface. Single-hulled vessels are most commonly used in small-scale fisheries.

Designs with a high length to beam msall ratio and a. The FAO 8. Multihulled small boat construction methods 70, such as catamarans and trimarans, have traditionally been used nethods fishing boats in the Pacific Islands. They show promise as fishing boats in other areas, especially where fishermen use one or two outriggers and are accustomed to the idea of multihulIs. Weighing only a ton, it can carry up to 3 tons of fish and gear.

Gifford Metohds boats have a number of positive features for small- scale fisheries. Their constructlon have low displacement to length ratios and high length to beam ratios Ion" and narrow and therefore offer minimum resistance and are easily propelled.

Moreover, small boat construction methods 70 stability of multihulIs makes them ideal constructjon for sail power. Small catamarans are lightweight and can be beached and carried with relative ease. Several development projects are attempting to introduce small fishing catamarans and small boat construction methods 70 into areas that tradition- ally have used monohulis. A number of catamarans have been introduced into the tropics by Gifl.

One of them, the Sandskipper 24 figure 1. It has a lateen sail and a diesel mrthods as propulsion options. This vessel design has proved very satisfactory for gill netting.

It can carry a ton of gear and up small boat construction methods 70 2 tons of catch in good weather. The construction mate- rials are usually inexpensive and available locally. However, both materials severely limit the hull shape and are relatively short- lived.

Wooden logs are heavy and can result in high fuel consump- tion. While bamboo has small boat construction methods 70 advantage of being lightweight, it is not especially durable. Wood and bamboo will remain important boat building ma- terials in coastal fishing villages where they are readily available.

Where 07 is a scarcity of good wood, there may be no alter- native to adopting new materials. Newer materials and methods can offer many advantages that compensate for their increased cost. The choice of material urine depend upon a number of factors including cost, availability, longevity, ease of repair, strength, and resistance to corrosion and rot. Wood Construction S,all Planked hulls have been constructed for hundreds of years throughout the world, and in many areas they are still very popular and highly regarcled.

Nevertheless, their importance is clearly diminishing as new construction materials are accepted figure 1. Several variations of planking are commonly used. In carve! If the planks are very narrow 2. Marine glue or caulking is used to keep the seams watertight.

In clinker planking, methpds plank overlaps the upper boaf of the plank below and is attached to it by nails driven from the outside. This variation is strong and flexible and is ideal for such small craft as dinghies.

Wood can be a very satisfactory boatbuilding material: it has good resistance to chafe, gives thermal and acoustic insulation, and allows great variation In hull shape. Constructiin good timber is avail- able locally and is economical, it is a logical choice. Suman in many tropical coastal regions, suitable boatbuilding timber is scarce and expensive.

Another disadvantage is the high degree of skill required to build a wooden boat. With only hand tools, construction cam consttuction very time-consuming. The hulls smalk are of medium weight and, as they become increasingly waterlogged. Suman with age, consume large amounts of fuel. Many small boat construction methods 70 are also subject to rot and attack from marine borers.

In Tahiti, V-bottom bonitiers are built of imported redwood planking with local timber used for the frames. Hot dipped, gaI- vanized carve] nails are used for the fastenings. These boats are reported to last well, in spite of being stressed when they are run at high speeds. Plywood Plywood is a sandwich of wood veneers and filler material held together by adhesives. There are many grades of plywood, but generally, consgruction plywood made with a waterproof adhesive is required for boatbuilding.

Lower grade plywoods can cconstruction be upgraded for marine use if they are coated small boat construction methods 70 a polyester resin. Plywood constructon very adaptable to small boatbuilding operations. Since sections are metthods from large plywood sheets, there are fewer seams than in planked boats. Plywood construction involves building a framework for the hull from planks and then small boat construction methods 70 sections of marine plywood to this frame. The plywood hull is held together by nails; marine glue is used to seal the seams.

Plywood boatbuilding can be quick, inexpensive, and easy. As long as the surface, and especially the edges, of the plywood are treated with epoxy resin or another sealer, blat boat will have a long life. However, the use of plywood does restrict the hull to hard chine shapes, such as flat or V-bottomed boats. Moreover, its resistance to chafe is not high. There are many successful examples of plywood boats built and used throughout the world.

Some plywood versions of the Alia, an 8. These vessels have an emergency sail but rely on outboard motors as their principal method of propulsion. Fishermen generally employ these catamarans for trolling and handlining. In Fiji, more than V-bottom fishing boats 8.

They are equipped with inboard diesel motors and are also used primarily for handlining and trolling. A plywood single outrigger canoe was designed by FAO in specifically for the waters of Papua New Guinea figure 1.

We can't conceive of building a boat in this method without epoxy coating and fiberglassing the plywood panels prior to cutting the planks. So far, only small boats have been built using this method. One big problem with wood, however, is that certain lifeforms like to eat it. The boat would be impossible to fiberglass once assembled. Resin impregnated cellulose facing, over solid core laminates tends to eliminate the undesirable characteristic of "weather checking" of the outer wood laminate. There are some excellent plywoods available on the market. Glued Lapstrake Construction Many people believe that traditional lapstrake construction makes the most beautiful boat of all.
Final:

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