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Biography of Robert Fulton, Inventor of the Steamboat 18th Century inventor Robert Fulton was one of the first people to make steamboats commercially viable. Supported by the Livingston family, his first steamboat was named The North River (later referred to as the Clermont).He later went on to oversee a virtual monopoly on steamboat manufacture and travel, before the Supreme Court heard the case Gibbons v. Feb 20, �� Robert Fulton, (born November 14, , Lancaster county, Pennsylvania [U.S.]�died February 24, , New York, New York), American inventor, engineer, and artist who brought steamboating from the experimental stage to commercial success. He also designed a system of inland waterways, a submarine, and a steam warship. Apr 21, �� In August of , inventor Robert Fulton made history as his steam powered boat, the Clermont, travelled from New York City to Albany, New York, successfully making the mile journey in .
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Arriving in New York in December , Fulton at once set to work supervising the construction of the steamboat that had been planned in Paris with Livingston.

He also attempted to interest the U. By early August a foot- metre- long Steamboat , as Fulton called it, was ready for trials. Its single-cylinder condensing steam engine inch bore and four-foot stroke drove two foot-diameter side paddle wheels; it consumed oak and pine fuel, which produced steam at a pressure of two to three pounds per square inch.

The mile km trial run from New York to Albany required 32 hours an average of almost 4. The passage was epic because sailing sloops required four days for the same trip. After building an engine house, raising the bulwark , and installing berths in the cabins of the now-renamed North River Steamboat , Fulton began commercial trips in September.

He made three round trips fortnightly between New York and Albany, carrying passengers and light freight. During the first winter season he stiffened and widened the hull, replaced the cast-iron crankshaft with a forging, fitted guards over the wheels, and improved passenger accommodations.

These modifications made it a different boat, which was registered in as the North River Steamboat of Clermont , soon reduced to Clermont by the press.

He built three boats for Western rivers that were based at New Orleans, but none could conquer the passage to Pittsburgh. Fulton was a member of the commission that recommended building the Erie Canal. The Demologos , or Fulton , as the ship was alternately called, incorporated new and novel ideas: two parallel hulls, with paddle wheel between and with the steam engine in one hull and boilers and stacks in the other.

It weighed 2, displacement tons and measured feet 48 metres in length; a slow vessel, its speed did not exceed 6 knots 6 nautical miles, or 11 km, per hour. Launched in October , the heavily gunned and armoured steamship underwent successful sea trials but was never used in battle; when peace came in December, it was transferred to the Brooklyn Navy Yard, where it was destroyed by an accidental explosion in His steamboats also replaced the horse ferries that were used for heavily traveled river crossings in New York, Boston, and Philadelphia.

He retained the typical broad double-ended hulls that needed no turning for the return passage. Fulton spent much of his wealth in litigations involving the pirating of patents relating to steamboats and in trying to suppress rival steamboat builders who found loopholes in the state-granted monopoly. His wealth was further depleted by his unsuccessful submarine projects, investments in paintings, and financial assistance to farmer kin and young artists.

After testifying at a legal hearing in Trenton early in , he became chilled en route home to New York, where he died. His family made claims on the U. A Hudson-Fulton Celebration in commemorated the success of the North River Steamboat of Clermont and the discovery in of the North River by the English navigator who was the first to sail upstream to Albany.

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Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Subscribe Now. Plans for a submarine designed by Robert Fulton. Fulton's efforts in to interest the U. The Clermont, designed by Robert Fulton. A crowd gathered to watch the event, but the onlookers expected the steamboat to fail. They jeered at the ship, which they called "Fulton's Folly.

Averaging nearly 5 miles per hour, the steamboat completed the mile trip in just 32 hours, compared to the four days required by conventional sailing ships. The downstream return trip was completed in just 30 hours. I overtook many sloops and schooners, beating Steamboat Springs Real Estate Zillow Quiz to the windward, and parted with them as if they had been at anchor.

The power of propelling boats by steam is now fully proved. During the winter of , Fulton and Livingston added metal guards around the paddlewheels, improved the passenger accommodations, and re-registered the steamboat under the name North River Steamboat of Clermont�soon shortened to simply Clermont. From to , Fulton, Livingston, and fellow inventor and entrepreneur Nicholas Roosevelt entered into a new joint venture. They planned to build steamboat capable of traveling from Pittsburgh to New Orleans, a journey of over 1, miles through the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers.

They named the steamboat New Orleans. Just eight years after the United States acquired the Louisiana Territory from France in the Louisiana Purchase , the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers were still largely unmapped and unprotected.

While the trip down the Ohio River was uneventful, navigating the Mississippi River proved a challenge. On December 16, , the great New Madrid earthquake , centered near New Madrid, Missouri, altered the position of previously-mapped river landmarks, such as islands and channels, making navigation difficult. When the English navy began to blockade U.

With its steam engine in one hull and its boiler in the other, the heavily armed, armor-clad vessel weighed in at a hefty 2, displacement tons , thus limiting it to a tactically dangerous slow speed of about 7 miles-per-hour. Though it underwent successful sea trials during October , the Demologos was never used in battle.

When peace came in , the U. Navy decommissioned the Demologos. After its steam engines were removed in , it was towed to the Brooklyn Navy Yard, where it served as a receiving ship until it was accidentally destroyed by an explosion in From until his death in , Fulton spent most of his time and money engaged in legal battles protecting his steamboat patents. A series of failed submarine designs, bad investments in art, and never-repaid loans to relatives and friends further depleted his savings.

In early , Fulton was soaked with icy water while rescuing a friend who had fallen through the ice while walking on the frozen Hudson River. Suffering a severe chill, Fulton contracted pneumonia and died on February 24, , at age 49 in New York City. In addition, his developments in the area of steam-powered warships would help the United States Navy become a dominant military power. To date, five U. Navy ships have born the name USS Fulton. Along with telegraph inventor Samuel F.

Share Flipboard Email. Table of Contents Expand. Early Life. From Artist to Steamboat Robert Fulton 01 Inventor. The Nautilus Submarine. Designing the Steamboat. The Steamboat Clermont. The New Orleans Steamboat. First Steam-Powered Warship. Later Life and Death.

Legacy and Honors. Robert Longley. History and Government Expert. Robert Longley is a U. He has written for ThoughtCo since Facebook Facebook.

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