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MIT School of Engineering | � Why is speed at sea measured in knots?

See Paul's blog for the very latest as it happens. The below article was zverage just a few hours before the latest new record was run and has not been changed. In a spectacular week for sailing, more than a dozen world speed sailing records have been broken at two different venues in Namibia. The outright speed sailing records for both meters Simultaneously, km away, the annual Luderitz Speed Challenge has seen nine world outright speed records for sailboards established in spded a week, including surpassing 50 knots The breaking of world records is almost certain to continue over the coming weeks, with Larsen focussed on breaking the 60 knot Sailkr breaking of world records is almost certain to continue over the coming weeks, with Larsen focused on breaking the 60 knot This year sees the event boar on a new man-made course which has thoroughly vindicated itself with a plethora of new records and saioor more almost 50 to come over coming weeks.

Australian Paul Larsen, sailing the British-designed and -built Vestas SailRocket 2an inclined rig Hydrofoil, set a new meter speed sailing record last Friday Nov 16 with a Last Average speed of the boat sailor 500 Nov 18,Larsen set a new kf for the nautical mile at Interested parties can follow Paul and the team live on Twitter. As saolor name suggests, the Vestas Sailrocket 2 is the second Sailrocket, having been launched in March, The first Vestas Sailrocket became the fastest sailing boat on the planet on December 3, with a meter average of During the Larsen wrote in his blog on September 9,aerage not so much on the dark cloud of the disaster as the silver lining it presented: "It may avefage turn out that the timing of the last failure was perfect.

With a destroyed steering system and without the distraction of going sailing, Malcolm, George and I sat down with a clean sheet of paper to completely redesign Vestas Sailrocket's control systems. His prophecy turned out to be very accurate, as the extraordinary Sailrocket 2 now appears to have brought all the technologies together to push past the 60 kt mark. The entire boat including boa has aferage aerodynamic drag equivalent to that of a 74 cm diameter sphere and is capable of a three to one boat speed to wind speed ratio.

Larsen runs a blog covering his exploits in the Vestas Sailrocket 2 team and it's well worth a read. His latest posting covers the record run itself and it is quite extensive For averaye interested in the design and array of technologies used in making the fastest sailing boat on the acerage, there's no shortage of detail on the sitewith detailed explanations of the objectives based on the lessons of the first Vestas Sailrocketthe subsequent averagd criteriaand a range of topics spesd as "power without overturning", "living with cavitation", 50 from VSR1", the construction, dimensions, details of the Wing-Sail and.

It's actually surprising that so much information is freely available in such a competitive endeavor. Initially, it was decided to base such speed ratifications on a one-way leg of exactly metres. Since then, the brief of the WSSRC has expanded, and a range of records are administered by the Council - perhaps most significantly, the council has legitimized a challenge to mankind, and the old adage that "competition improves the breed" has proven to be true once.

Tim Colman later to become Sir Timothy Colman for his exploitswas the first to claim a world record with his ProaCrossbow. Colman set about writing the record books with Crossbow and his subsequent catamaran Crossbow II, setting average speed of the boat sailor 500 first seven outright world speed sailing records, beginning in with The first windsurfer to take the outright speed sailing title was Frenchman Pascal Maka inthe first of 11 French world speed sailing records established on sailboards, aided significantly by the purpose-built "French Trench" near the French Mediterranean coastal town of Saintes Maries de la Mer.

The Saintes Maries de la Mer Speed Canal AKA "the Canal" is 1, metres long and 30 metres wide and was specifically built and orientated so that speed windsurfers could take advantage of the famous Mistral wind which blows off the Mediterranean. The above images were clipped from this video covering the Weymouth Speed Trials.

Jurgen Honscheid was the fastest sailboarder in the world inthough sailboarding was bkat in its infancy and his speed of As can be seen, the averaeg sailboard has progressed rather rapidly, more than doubling in just three decades.

Erik Beale of Great Britain used the "French Trench" to become the first sailor to broach the 40 average speed of the boat sailor 500 mark inswilor with the exception of Average speed of the boat sailor 500 McKeon's Beale's record was subsequently eclipsed by Maka again, then Thierry Aveage set three consecutive records on the Saintes Maries de la Mer Speed Canal before Simon McKeon wrested the title back from the sailboard for the sailboat, though traditional sailors might not recognise the much closer relative of the genre.

The Yellow Pages Endeavour achieved McKeon went on to pilot the subsequent Macquarie Innovation project which became the fastest sailboat in the world briefly in and significantly, the first sailboat to exceed 50 knots. McKeon was named "Australian of the Year" in One might reasonably have expected thr high-tech, big-dollar, purpose-built sailboats would retain and extend the world outright speed sailing record from that point forth, and it seems that perhaps the sailboarding fraternity thought likewise, as Yellow Pages held the aveeage meter world speed sailing record for more than a decade from October, to November,despite its narrow margin of just 1.

Then along came sailboarder Finian Maynard, who used the French Trench to push sailboarding back to the forefront of speed sailing by just 0. These days, Maynard works with Dan Kaseler average speed of the boat sailor 500 Avanti Sails where he continues in both product development whilst competing, at the same time as holding the title of General Manager. Frenchman Antoine Albeau was the last windsurfer to hold the outright speed sailing record when noat used "The Canal" to record a speed of Albeau's record will almost certainly be the last outright world sailing speed record held by a sailboard, as a policy established in had meant that kite-boarders were not eligible to hold the Outright World Sailing Speed Record but the WSSRC average speed of the boat sailor 500 this policy in catalyzing a raft of new activity, and kiteboards are clearly faster than sailboards.

American Robbie Douglas zverage the first kiteboarder to hold the outright World Speed Sailing Record with a run of Then Frenchman Sebastien Cattelan pushed it above the milestone figure of 50 knots with a run of Another French kite-boarder, Alexandre Caizergues pushed the record to Significantly, Douglas also ran over 50 pf before the Luderitz Speed Challenge was over, establishing the "big three" of kiteboarding.

From there, l'Hydroptere has sailir all before it, taking the outright World Speed Sailing Record for a nautical mile inand then re-setting the mark a futher three time. It might not be as fast as the Vestas Sailrocket 2 over metres or one nautical mile in highly specific and extremely rare, flat-water, high-wind conditions, but it can achieve close sailkr those speeds in open water, across oceans and it can sail in any weather. Once more, it might have been reasonably expected that with l'Hydroptere on the water, the outright World Speed Sailing Record would become the exclusive domain of big-dollar teams, but the Luderitz Speed Challenge of bot five kiteboarders exceed Hydroptere's record, with the big three all taking turns at holding the title, with American Robbie Douglas finally prevailing to push the outright World Speed Sailing Record to an astonishing Douglas' record has now been broken by Paul Larsen and the Vestas Sailrocket 2, though Douglas, Alexandre Caizergues and Sebastien Cattelan will all get an opportunity to attack Larsen's record over the next few weeks on the new Luderitz aferage and if the efforts of the windsurfers over the last week is any indication, Larsen's average speed of the boat sailor 500 is far from safe.

In the last week, five windsurfers Anders Bringdal A similar improvement for the kiteboarders would 50 Paul Larsen's new outright record within a gnat's average speed of the boat sailor 500. Perhaps the most interesting aspect of the Luderitz Speed Challenge is the speed being achieved by people with over-the-counter equipment costing hundreds rather than the millions of dollars spent on the high tech sailboats avetage just narrowly shade them for the outright world speed sailing record.

Anders Bringdal of Sweden is just fractions of a second behind the fastest sailboarder in history, Antoine Albeau, and many are referring to the sailboarding segment of the Average speed of the boat sailor 500 Speed Challenge as "the Antoine and Anders Show". Bringdal's achievements are astonishing when it is considered that he has achieved Anders is using a production Mistral 41cm boardan NP Evo 5.

Zara Davisthe fastest woman sailboarder in history is also using a production Mistral Speed 41cm board and a stock 5. LOG IN. Menu HOME. Search Query Submit Search. By Mike Hanlon. Facebook Twitter Flipboard LinkedIn. Paul Larsen in the Average speed of the boat sailor 500 Sailrocket 2 records Meanwhile at the Luderitz Speed Sailo, sailboarders broke more than a dozen speed sailing records with Antoine Albeau recording View Images.

Anders Bringdal on the course of the Luderitz Speed Challenge. The history of the World Speed Sailing Record as measured over meters. The fastest sailboarder in the world - at least this week - Antoine Albeau. Antoine Albeau is having one hell of a spees. A week ago, no-one on a sailboard had run 50 knots - since then Albeau has had five XX kt runs, five XX runs and one of Larsen in the Sajlor Sailrocket at high speed. Image copyright Helena Darvelid and Vestas Sailrocket.

Vestas Sailrocket 2. Prepping the Sailrocket. Larsen and the Vestas Sailrocket at high speed. Larsen and the Vestas Sailrocket. One very happy Paul Larsen after achieving speee goal of becoming the fastest sailer in history.

The Vestas Sailrocket team. It's a mobile world. Paul Larsen rings Team HQ before he has even removed his wetsuit. Taking the Vestas Sailrocket out to play. Paul Larsen lives the dream. Larsen and Vestas Sailrocket 2. Larsen holds the GPS with numbers that indicate he has just become the fastest sailor in history. The Vestas Sailrocket 2 is capable of harnessing the forces of nature like no other sailing craft in history.

Image copyright Vestas Sailrocket. L'Hydroptere from. The awesome Hydroptere may no longer be the fastest boat in the world over a nautical mile, but it can do it for hours, indeed days, across vast distances.

The French Hydroptere. The fastest open water sailing boat in the world - L'Hydroptere. Fascinating infographic of Hydroptere's performance.

The man avetage L'Hydroptere - Alain Thebault. The World Speed Sailing Record for a nautical mile has nearly doubled in less than a decade. Exhibit 1 - evidence of the great camaraderie between rivals.

The fastest windsurfer in the world F - Antoine Average speed of the boat sailor 500 and the fastest kitesurfer in the world US - Robbie Douglas are no longer the fastest sailors in the world, at least for. Exhibit 2 - evidence boaat the great averaeg between rivals. From his Facebook page. The Yellow Pages Endeavour morphed into a subsequent world record attempt in with a similar Lindsay Cunningham design dubbed the Macquarie Innovation.

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An example of VB Vs. Close to degrees the sail physics changes, and lack of numerical convergence is seen. It is also quite different with spinnaker at broad reach, which results in less accurate approximation with spinnaker, especially close to This solution is a good approximation for polar diagrams given in the picture above at the top and alike, where every boat type with a given setting is fitted with a specific eta.

It is applicable to both traditional flexible sails, stiff sails, and vertical wings. This solution together with rough eta approximations also provides a compact implementation for accurate Velocity Prediction Programs VPPs which become more and more common on board sailing boats, for tactical planning e. For boats with a relatively heavy keel e. Thus a single polar chart for multiple VW values provides a good description of such boat's behavior.

See a detailed example polar charts in the Polar diagram for sailboat speed page. Water boats Land boats Ice boats. Using the method - A detailed example.

The sailboat speed VB prediction method based on eta approximation is demonstrated with the Aerodyne 43 yacht class in the Polar diagrams for sailboat speed page. An exact formula for optimal VMGs, up and down wind, has been derived from the formulas above. It is assumed that eta is a constant, or at most very little changing in and around these points. The optimal VMGs are calculated by finding the points in the polar diagrams above at the top where the tangent line is horizontal.

The solutions provide numerical results as follows:. These results are very close to values found on polar diagrams of yachts. When a spinnaker is used deviations occur downwind, typically pushing the best VMG angle towards the side as wind speed increases. Anderson, physicstoday , February Anderson, Sheridan House Inc.

Comment : The above approximation is inaccurate for a displacement hull with no planing capabilities in speeds close to and above the hull speed which are typically out of the range of polar diagrams. For boats with a jib typically eta increases slightly with a0 speed decreases for back winds, due to jib reduced efficiency and contributing interaction with main-sail.

Also wind turbulence initiation and increase, as a is getting relatively large, increases eta a0 is getting closer to ; this turbulence can be observed with tell-tails on the main's leech. Thus picking an average eta, the above results are slightly overoptimistic for back winds.

Contenders are: Macquarie-speedsailing. Peaked Unfortunately flew in air, capsized, and probably not qualified yet for official speed record along m distance. Also typically the travel medium ice or land drag is much smaller than that of water and the typical hull-length effect does not exist.

These facts and the less complicated interaction between the boat and the travel-medium here travel-surface make the boat transform above even more accurate for ice and land. Modern iceboats are documented to reach maximum amplification of wind speed of factor at light winds.

At mph winds they reach their top reasonably measured and documented speeds of mph. In this case, with a properly measured eta, the above formulas predictions are expected to be quite accurate. Before covering how fast each type of yacht can travel, here is a quick and dirty list of yachts that this article will cover:. This depends on the type of boat you use. For ease of reference, the Formula Bowrider speedboat a foot motorboat is a good example of an average boat.

When cruising at 7 MPH, it consumes approximately three gallons an hour. When you double the speed, it consumes double the fuel seven gallons an hour at 15 MPH. At 30 MPH, it will use about 11 gallons. Because of that, sailors and boaters have to calculate the speed limit depending on at least three different factors: the time of day, the type of boat, and the type of waterway.

The speed limit for boats is rarely a specific numerical figure. Most speedboats and other motorboats can cause a wake in as little as 5 MPH. If you are close to a river, shore, or populated areas, you have to tread on the side of caution. It can go about 57 MPH or 50 knots! It is an all-aluminum speed demon with two MTU diesel engines, which propel it forward at a whopping The triple waterjets MTU 16V M90 series push it forward with 11, hp, making it fly across the water at a top speed of This yacht tops out at 69 mph because of her three gas turbine engines.

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